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FRANCHISING FROM A CUSTOMER PRIVACY PERSPECTIVE Debora, Debora; Anggusti, Martono; Sitanggang, Adira
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 23 No. 2 (2024): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v23i2.4396

Abstract

 In the implementation of a franchise agreement, a breach of promise may be committed by either the franchisee or the franchisor. In order to ensure legal protection, the clauses in the agreement must include provisions regarding the limits of use of intellectual property rights. As the most crucial aspect of conducting business operations in the digital age, franchisees and franchisors collect a plethora of customer data, including contact information, purchasing and browsing behavior, location information, and other crucial data, with the objective of driving advertising and growth activities for the franchise system. However, the collection and utilization of this data can potentially expose franchisors and franchisees to a multitude of risks. In an increasingly digitized world, personal data represents a valuable resource for the development of any business. Personal data can also be regarded as an asset with high economic value. The implementation of a franchise agreement raises legal issues pertaining to the limitations on the use of intellectual property rights by franchisees in the implementation of intellectual property from the franchisor. Another problem is how the franchisee's efforts to protect customer data, which is part of the franchise, are to be reconciled with the rights of the franchisor. This study employs normative juridical research to address the issues under consideration. In addition to the limitations clearly and firmly established in legislation, the agreement that serves as the legal basis also imposes strong restrictions to maintain the legal protection of the parties in the franchise system. The contents of the agreement serve as a guide for the parties in implementing the agreement. Consumers have the right to be protected by business actors, one of which is the protection of their personal data. The protection of personal data is a matter of significant sensitivity, given the numerous instances in which such data must be safeguarded to prevent its leakage. In this regard, the  
Penerapan Prinsip Free, Prior, And Informed Consent oleh Direksi dalam Investasi Berbasis Sumber Daya Alam Nababan, Natal Frantomas; Anggusti, Martono; Samuel F. B. Situmorang
Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Ilmu Hukum
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30652/vxm3kv76

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the position and implementation of the principle of Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) in forestry business activities that intersect with the rights of indigenous peoples, and examine its relationship with the principles of Good Corporate Governance and the fiduciary obligations of directors in managing legal and social risks. The main issues discussed are the extent to which the national legal system substantively accommodates FPIC and how fragmented norms and weak institutional coordination hinder its implementation in practice. This research uses normative legal research methods with legislative, conceptual, and case study approaches to examine the relationship between international standards, national legal frameworks, and corporate practices in the forestry sector. The main findings indicate that FPIC in the national legal system is still partially constructed and tends to be reduced to a formalistic consultation mechanism, so it does not yet function as a substantive agreement that provides an equal bargaining position for indigenous peoples. This condition is exacerbated by regulatory fragmentation and weak institutional coordination, which leads to a lack of synchronization between the licensing process and the recognition of indigenous territories. This article contributes to strengthening the argument for the need to strengthen legal substance, institutional structures, and legal culture so that corporate governance in the forestry sector is more equitable, sustainable, and respects the rights of indigenous peoples.
Legal Reform of Corporate Criminal Liability Model in the National Criminal Code Herlina Manullang; Martono Anggusti; Debora; Binsar Manogu Tua
Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): (JLPH) Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jlph.v5i2.1089

Abstract

The National Criminal Code's Criminal Law Reform governs criminal offences perpetrated by, for, and on behalf of the Corporation. Concerning Article 48 of the National Criminal Code, the framework of corporate criminal liability has embraced three models: the Corporation as maker and responsible entity, management as maker and responsible party, and the Corporation as both maker and accountable entity. Simultaneously, imposing fines, supplementary punishments, and sanctions within the National Criminal Code exemplifies utilitarian philosophy, integrating distributive and commutative justice. The practical perspective assesses punishment based on its advantages or utility; in this instance, the punishment aims to deter corporations from engaging in similar actions in the future
Implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility as a Legal Mandatory in Indonesia (Case Study of PT AFC Indonesia) Irfandy H Simanungkalit; Martono Anggusti; Ria Juliana Siregar
Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): (JLPH) Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jlph.v5i2.1164

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This study examines PT AFC Indonesia and how companies should implement Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a legal mandatory in Indonesia. Law No. 40 of 2007 regulates CSR as a moral responsibility. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how PT AFC Indonesia implements CSR and make recommendations for other companies. A qualitative method was used, which was used to analyze documents and interviews. The results show that PT AFC Indonesia improves the quality of life of the community through CSR programs that improve health services, clean water supply, and educational support. The conclusion is that this CSR implementation enhances the company's reputation and supports sustainable development in Indonesia.
Legal Analysis of the Responsibility of Expedition Companies X to Service Users Goods that are Damaged or Lost During Stacking in the Stacking Field Richa Yohana Rusli Siahaan; Martono Anggusti; Jinner Sidauruk
Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): (JLPH) Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jlph.v5i2.1278

Abstract

Sea transportation plays a very important role in international trade as one of the main components in the process of distributing goods. Nonetheless, the losses incurred in sea transportation activities are often greater than the losses caused by the transportation process itself, such as damage, shortages, and loss of goods that can occur during the process of unloading goods at the port by freight forwarding companies by sea. This study aims to analyze the limits of obligations and legal relationships between freight forwarding companies, carriers, and sea freight forwarding companies in the context of sea transportation activities. Using a normative legal research methodology, this study utilizes legal resources that include relevant laws and regulations as well as applicable court decisions, with a legislative approach and a case approach. The results of this study show that, first, the limitation on the responsibility of the expedition company regulated in Article 87 of the Commercial Code (KUHD), as well as the limitation of the carrier's liability regulated in Article 40 and Article 41 of Law Number 17 of 2008 concerning Shipping, unlawful acts under Article 1365 of the Civil Code, and the responsibility of the sea transportation expedition company in terms of providing convenience, licensing, supervision, and the implementation of order in sea transportation activities, as stipulated in Cassation Decision Number 2665 K/Pdt/2022 which corroborates the decision of the Medan District Court in case Number 728/Pdt.G/2016/PN.Mdn, is in accordance with and includes legal objectives which include legal certainty, justice, and benefits for all parties involved.
Kewajiban Direksi PT Dalam Penerapan Prinsip Environmental, Social, dan Governance (Esg) Sebagai Instrumen Pembangunan Keberlanjutan (Studi Kasus Kim) Turnip, Yuni Arta; Anggusti, Martono; Nababan, Roida
Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): (JIHHP) Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik
Publisher : Dinasti Review Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jihhp.v6i3.7948

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Penerapan prinsip Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) merupakan isu penting dalam tata kelola perusahaan untuk mendukung pembangunan berkelanjutan, namun di Indonesia kewajiban Direksi Perseroan Terbatas dalam menerapkannya belum diatur secara eksplisit dalam satu norma hukum tunggal dan masih tersebar dalam berbagai regulasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaturan hukum, implementasi ESG di Kawasan Industri Medan, serta hambatan dan upaya penguatannya dengan metode yuridis empiris dan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ESG masih dipandang sebagai soft obligation sehingga implementasinya menghadapi kendala berupa ketidakjelasan regulasi, keterbatasan pemahaman Direksi, orientasi bisnis jangka pendek, serta lemahnya pengawasan dan partisipasi pemangku kepentingan, sehingga diperlukan penguatan regulasi dan integrasi ESG dalam tanggung jawab hukum Direksi.
Efektifitas Perlindungan Rahasia Dagang Dalam Perjanjian Franchise (Waralaba):Analisis Penyalahgunaan Resep Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2000 (Studi Kasus: PT Chicken Holic Indonesia) Manurung, Berliana Feronika; Anggusti, Martono; Siregar, Ria Juliana
Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): (JIHHP) Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik
Publisher : Dinasti Review Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jihhp.v6i3.7974

Abstract

Perkembangan sistem waralaba (franchise) sebagai salah satu model kerja sama bisnis modern menempatkan rahasia dagang, khususnya resep dan sistem operasional, sebagai aset strategis memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi. Hubungan hukum antara franchisor dan franchise didasarkan pada perjanjian franchise yang bersifat innominaat dan tunduk pada ketentuan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata, sekaligus berada dalam rezim perlindungan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2000 Tentang Rahasia Dagang. Permasalahan muncul ketika terjadi penyalahgunaan resep oleh franchise, yang tidak hanya menimbulkan wanprestasi kontraktual, tetapi juga berpotensi dikualifikasikan sebagai pelanggaran rahasia dagang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap franchisor dan franchise dalam perjanjian franchise PT Chicken Holic Indonesia serta mengkaji mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa atas penyalahgunaan resep berdasarkan Pasal 11 dan Pasal 12 Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2000. Mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa dapat ditempuh melalui jalur perdata, arbitrase atau alternatif penyelesaian sengketa, serta jalur pidana, yang masing-masing memiliki fungsi perlindungan hukum yang saling melengkapi
Analysis of Legal Protection for Buyers in the Transfer of Apartment Unit Rights Prior to the Signing of the Deed of Sale and Purchase Veronika Waruwu; Martono Anggusti; Samuel F. B. Situmorang
Al-Risalah VOLUME 26 NO 1, MAY (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/al-risalah.vi.66108

Abstract

The increasing demand for housing in urban areas has encouraged the development of apartment buildings as an alternative solution to meet residential needs. In practice, transactions for the sale and purchase of apartment units are often conducted before the completion of construction through a Sale and Purchase Binding Agreement (Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli/PPJB), which raises legal issues related to ownership certainty and legal protection for buyers. This study aims to analyze the legal regulations governing ownership and the transfer of rights to apartment units, as well as to assess the binding force of the PPJB as an instrument of legal protection for buyers prior to the execution of the Deed of Sale and Purchase (Akta Jual Beli/AJB). This research employs a normative legal research method using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The analysis is conducted qualitatively on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results indicate that legal ownership of apartment units arises juridically only after the fulfillment of legal requirements, including the completion of construction, the separation of apartment units, the execution of the Deed of Sale and Purchase before a Land Deed Official, and the issuance of a certificate in the buyer’s name. The PPJB merely creates a personal legal relationship and therefore does not transfer proprietary rights to the buyer. Consequently, in cases where the developer defaults or becomes bankrupt, buyers who only hold a PPJB are positioned as concurrent creditors and do not possess preferential rights over the bankruptcy estate. These findings demonstrate the limitations of legal protection for apartment buyers at the pre-AJB stage, highlighting the need for stronger regulatory measures to ensure legal certainty and consumer protection in apartment transactions.
Transfer Pricing as an Instrument of Tax Avoidance in Multinational Corporations: Challenges in Law Enforcement and the Implementation of the Arm’s Length Principle in Indonesia Sagala, Wilson; Anggusti, Martono; Sihotang, Januari
Al-Risalah VOLUME 26 NO 1, MAY (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/al-risalah.vi.66298

Abstract

The development of economic globalization has encouraged increased activity of multinational companies operating across jurisdictions, thus opening up opportunities for tax avoidance practices through transfer pricing mechanisms. This practice is often used to move profits from countries with high tax rates to countries with lower tax rates, which in the end can reduce state revenues and lead to injustice in the tax system. This research aims to analyze the legal enforcement mechanism for tax avoidance practices through transfer pricing in multinational companies based on Minister of Finance Regulation Number 172 of 2023 and identify the juridical obstacles faced by the Directorate GeneralTax in its application.The research method used is normative juridical legal research with a qualitative approach through literature study of statutory regulations, legal literature and related documents. The research results show that law enforcement against transfer pricing practices in Indonesia is carried out through administrative mechanisms which include the stages of monitoring at-risk taxpayers, examining transfer pricing, determining fiscal corrections, issuing Tax Assessment Letters, as well asdispute resolution through objections and appeals to the Tax Court.Even though regulations have been updated through PMK Number 172 of 2023 by adopting the arm's length principle in accordance with international standards, its implementation still faces legal obstacles such as limitations in harmonization of domestic regulations with international standards and structural complexitymultinational company.Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen regulations and institutional capacity to increase the effectiveness of supervision and enforcement of transfer pricing laws in Indonesia.
Legal Liability of Securities Crowdfunding Platforms in Protecting Digital Investors: An Analysis of POJK No. 17 of 2025 Lingga, Ebenni; Martono Anggusti; Ria Juliana Siregar
Al-Risalah VOLUME 26 NO 1, MAY (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/al-risalah.vi.66505

Abstract

The Study aims to analyze the obligations of Securties Crowdfunding platform operators in omplementing due diligence and anti fraud strategiws, as well as ti determine the limits of their leal liability for investor losses under POJK Number 17 of 2025 and POJK Number  12 of 2025. This research employs a normative juridical method with statue and conceptual approach, supported by digital documentation studies and limited digital observation to examine the alignments between legal norms and their practical implementation. The finding that platform operatos play a strategyc role as gatekeepers in ensurig transoparency and investor protection through the implementation of due diligence and anti fraud mechanisms.However, in practice, these obligations have not been optimally in preventing post disbursement fraud, futhermore, a regulatory gap is identified regarding the absence of obligation to verify investor,s source of funds, This studry concludes that platform liability is conditional and must be determined base on the analysis of the causes of loss potentially extending ti civil, admnistrative. And criminal lability in the cases of negligence or legal violations.
Co-Authors Abdulrahman Sama-alee Adira Sitanggang Agusmidah Agusmidah Aritonang, Topan Billers Ayu Margareth R. Sitinjak Binsar Manogu Tua Butar, Edgar Butar Canryfay Elisabet Lumban Gaol Chansrakaeo, Ruetaitip Chindy Afrilia Christina N.M Tobing Collin Powel Hutabarat, Collin Powel Hutabarat Cyntia Vebrina Simamora Daniel Fransisco Rossi Daniel Sitohang Debora Debora Debora Debora Debora Debora Tambunan Debora Tambunan Debora, Debora Devi Panggabean, Azra Sri Dina Mayasari Sinaga Dwi Natalia Martama Hutabarat Esther, July Fithriatus Shalihah Fitri Yanni Dewi Siregar Fx. Rocky Corrado Sitepu, Rocky Ginting, Ekel Tuahta Gultom , Meli Hertati Gultom, Jeges Imanuelita Gultom, Meli Hertati Haposan Siallagan Haryono, Fadillah Herlina Manullang hisar sitohang Hutabarat, Dwi Natali M Hutabarat, Dwi Natalia Martama Hutagalung, Jordy William Hutauruk, Rahel inro Sitindaon Intan Mayasari Hutabarat Irfandy H Simanungkalit Janpatar Simamora Januari Sihotang, Januari Jeki Saroha Tamba Jinner Sidauruk Jinner Sidauruk Johansen E.H.Hasugian Jordy William Hutagalung Joyce Vania Sarumaha Juita Manalu Krisdian Rizki Havana Ndraha Lesson Sihotang Lesson Sitohang Lingga, Ebenni Lista Ade Sumiati Bondar Lumbantoruan, Abram Andriano Samapta Manalu, Juita Mantoma Tawanda Daeli Manurung, Berliana Feronika Manurung, Gydeon Irmawan Manurung, Oktavia Manurung, Rosa Marbun, Putra Hasian Marnipera Ngerika Sihombing Masni Purba Mayca, Ofelica Ruth Meli Hertati Gultom Mokosoina Ntuacademy Nababan, Natal Frantomas Nababan, Roida Nainggolan, Doni Fernando Ndraha, Krisdian Rizki Havana Nelson Manalu Nola Putra E. C Simanungkalit Olyhabana Situmorang Pakpahan, Joel Fredly Panggabean, Azra Panjaitan, Yosua Tahyudi Prayusti Sarah Simarmata Purba, Masni Rahmat Tri Andika Debataraja, Rahmat Rajali H. Aji Ria Juliana Siregar Richa Yohana Rusli Siahaan Risky, Rosiana Agnes robin panjaitan Roida Nababan Roida Nababan Roma Cita Sibatuara Rosiana Agnes Rizky Sagala, Wilson Samuel F. B. Situmorang Sesilia, Paskah Siahaan, David Pandapotan Siahaan, Lestari Siahaan, Richa Yohana Rusli Siburian, Lamhot Efriskon Sidauruk, Jinner Sihombing, Freean Gabriel Sihombing, Sherina Elizabeth Sihotang, Lesson Silalahi, Jonathan Agung Simandalahi, Eli Simandalahi, Eli Ristiana Simanjuntak, Iona Febrina Simanungkalit, Irfandy H Simarmata, Prayusti Sarah Simatupang, Jeprita Simatupang, Riris Simbolon, Krisna Uli Sinuhaji, Yefta Loviga Sipahutar, Pitra Regina Siregar, Jos Siregar, Ria Siregar, Ria Juliani Sitanggang, Adira Sitepu, Editama Joremia Sitorus, Bethsaidah Situmorang, Olyhabana Sivakkar, Sarsaralos Sonya Lorensa Sirait Sovia Febrina Tamaulina Simamora Sumiati Bondar, Lista Ade Tampubolon, Putri Melani Tarigan, Stevani Turnip, Yuni Arta Uton Utomo Veronika Waruwu Wilson Sagala Yansen Anggusti Yosua Tahyudi R. Panjaitan