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All Journal Lentera Hukum Veritas et Justitia Sriwijaya Law Review Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada WAJAH HUKUM Unes Law Review Supremasi Hukum: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum JURNAL RECHTENS Syntax Idea Jurnal Ilmu Hukum KYADIREN Jurnal Supremasi Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Indonesian Journal of Law and Society Jurnal Penegakan Hukum Indonesia (JPHI) International Journal of Educational Research and Social Sciences (IJERSC) Jurnal Kajian Pembaruan Hukum International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS) Suloh : Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Malikussaleh PATTIMURA Legal Journal Indonesia Law Review (ILREV) Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities Jurnal Hukum, Politik dan Ilmu Sosial (JHPIS) PUSKAPSI Law Review Al-Zayn: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum Jurnal As-Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga Jurnal Anti Korupsi Jurnal Riset Multidisiplin Edukasi JILS (Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies)
I Gede Widhiana Suarda
Faculty Of Law, University Of Jember
Religion Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Konsolidasi Tanah terhadap Relokasi Korban Pasca Erupsi Gunung Semeru 2021 dalam Kerangka Kepastian Hukum Hak Atas Tanah Huda, Miftahul; Suarda, I Gede Widhiana; Setyawan, Fendi
Wajah Hukum Vol 8, No 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Universitas Batanghari Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33087/wjh.v8i1.1411

Abstract

As the year 2021 came to a close, Mount Semeru, which is situated in the Malang and Lumajang districts, erupted, bringing with it hot clouds and lava avalanches that destroyed nearby homes and property, erasing the lines separating the land owned by the locals. Normative-empirical legal research was the research methodology utilised to complete this thesis. The socio-legal approach, the statute approach, and the conceptual approach are the three methods used in this study. All three methods use empirical data from observations and interviews with people to do research. The implementation of land consolidation for relocation following the Semeru eruption, legal certainty regarding land ownership rights for the residential relocation of Mount Semeru eruption victims in 2021, and the idea of land consolidation for the relocation of Semeru eruption victims are the main areas of concern in this research. The concept of land consolidation is in accordance with the regulations of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/head of the national land agency of the Republic of Indonesia number 12 of 2019 regarding land consolidation. As a consequence of land consolidation, the findings of this study will guarantee that the land rights of those affected by the Mount Semeru eruption are legally guaranteed.
Administrative Errors With Potential to Harm State Finances Based on Legal Audit by The State Prosecutor Pribadi, R. Iman; Widhiana Suarda, I Gede; Efendi, Aan
UNES Law Review Vol. 6 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Ekasakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31933/unesrev.v6i3.1764

Abstract

Corruption crimes in government procurement of goods and services, such as bribery, price mark-ups, and manipulation of bidding processes, can disrupt good governance, cause financial losses to the state, and diminish public trust in the government. Therefore, legal audits by the State Prosecutor play a crucial role in preventing financial losses to the state and identifying administrative errors that potentially harm state finances based on the results of such legal audits. The research findings indicate that the legal audit by the State Prosecutor in avoiding financial losses to the state through the Prosecution is governed by the Cooperation Agreement between the Ministry of Home Affairs, the State Prosecutor, and the Indonesian National Police. This audit involves receiving reports or complaints from the public, verifying with supporting evidence, providing written notices of handling outcomes, and protecting the identity of the reporters. The steps of the legal audit include ensuring objectives, planning, data confidentiality, document collection and analysis, report preparation, result exposition, and result delivery to the applicants. These stages also involve auditing findings analysis, compliance evaluations, decision feasibility assessments, and considerations for further legal actions, all aimed at maintaining integrity and accountability in governance. The State Prosecutor uses legal audits to ensure legal compliance and identify errors that could harm state finances. They determine indications of criminal acts or legal violations and assess sufficient evidence to support allegations of violations. During the audit process, the State Prosecutor looks for irregularities or legal non-compliance related to public fund management, financial misconduct, and other administrative violations involving state finances.
Administrative Errors With Potential to Harm State Finances Based on Legal Audit By The State Prosecutor Pribadi, R. Iman; Widhiana Suarda, I Gede; Efendi, Aan
UNES Law Review Vol. 6 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Ekasakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31933/unesrev.v6i3.1781

Abstract

Corruption crimes in government procurement of goods and services, such as bribery, price mark-ups, and manipulation of bidding processes, can disrupt good governance, cause financial losses to the state, and diminish public trust in the government. Therefore, legal audits by the State Prosecutor play a crucial role in preventing financial losses to the state and identifying administrative errors that potentially harm state finances based on the results of such legal audits. The research findings indicate that the legal audit by the State Prosecutor in avoiding financial losses to the state through the Prosecution is governed by the Cooperation Agreement between the Ministry of Home Affairs, the State Prosecutor, and the Indonesian National Police. This audit involves receiving reports or complaints from the public, verifying with supporting evidence, providing written notices of handling outcomes, and protecting the identity of the reporters. The steps of the legal audit include ensuring objectives, planning, data confidentiality, document collection and analysis, report preparation, result exposition, and result delivery to the applicants. These stages also involve auditing findings analysis, compliance evaluations, decision feasibility assessments, and considerations for further legal actions, all aimed at maintaining integrity and accountability in governance. The State Prosecutor uses legal audits to ensure legal compliance and identify errors that could harm state finances. They determine indications of criminal acts or legal violations and assess sufficient evidence to support allegations of violations. During the audit process, the State Prosecutor looks for irregularities or legal non-compliance related to public fund management, financial misconduct, and other administrative violations involving state finances.
Konsekuensi Pengembalian Kerugian Keuangan Negara Melalui Pengenaan Ganti Kerugian Negara Terhadap Kepala Desa Dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi Andriani Naftali, Septina; Widhiana Suarda, I Gede; Anggraini, R.A. Rini
JURNAL RECHTENS Vol. 13 No. 1 (2024): Juni
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56013/rechtens.v13i1.2659

Abstract

Realisasi penyaluran Dana Desa sepanjang (2015-2018) sebesar 189,04 triliun. Dalam perkembangannya, dana desa yang berlimpah tersebut rawan praktik korupsi. Senyatanya praktik korupsi oleh aparatur desa terus meningkat setiap tahunnya, selain itu terdapat konsekuensi pengembalian kerugian keuangan negara oleh Kepala Desa melalui pengenaan ganti kerugian negara terhadap Kepala Desa dan juga terdapat perbedaan mengenai aturan undang-undang mengenai pengembalian keuangan negara yang disebabkan korupsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Konsekuensi dan konsep pengaturan tentang pengembalian kerugian keuangan negara akibat tindak pidana korupsi yang dilakukan oleh kepala desa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Yuridis Normatif serta menggunakan tiga pendekatan diantaranya pendekatan Perundang-undangan dan Konseptual, adapun hasil dari penelitian ini diperlukan penyelarasan UU no 31 tahun 1999 Jo UU no 20 Tahun 2021 tentang PTPK kedepanya seharusnya menselaraskan dengan UU No 1 tahun 2004 tentang Perbendaharaan negara dalam hal mengutamakan mekanisme pengembalian kerugian keuangan negara secara hukum administrasi. Kata kunci: Korupsi, Kepala Desa, Pengembalian, Kerugian Negara Abstract The realization of Village Fund distribution throughout (2015-2018) was 189.04 trillion. In its development, abundant village funds are prone to corrupt practices. In fact, corrupt practices by village officials continue to increase every year, apart from that there are consequences for returning state financial losses by the Village Head through the imposition of state compensation against the Village Head and there are also differences regarding the legal regulations regarding the return of state finances caused by corruption. This research aims to analyze the consequences and regulatory concepts regarding the recovery of state financial losses resulting from criminal acts of corruption committed by village heads. This research uses a Normative Juridical approach and uses three approaches including the Legislative and Conceptual approaches. The results of this research require harmonization of Law No. 31 of 1999 in conjunction with Law No. 20 of 2021 concerning PTPK. In the future, it should be harmonized with Law No. 1 of 2004 concerning State Treasury. in terms of prioritizing the mechanism for returning state financial losses according to administrative law. Keywords: Corruption, Village Head, Returns, State Losses REFERENCES Agustinawaty U. Gubali, Penyelesaian Ganti Kerugian Negara/Daerah Oleh Pegawai Negeri Yang Bukan Bendahara di Kabupaten Gorontalo, Lex Administratum, Vol. VII/No. 4/Okt-Des/2019,. C.S.T. Kansil, Desa Kita Dalam Peraturan Tata Pemerintahan Desa, Jakarta, Ghalia Indonesia, 1988. Dimas Putra Pradhyksa, Penghentian Penyelidikan Perkara Tindak Pidana Korupsi Oleh Kejaksaan Dalam Hal Adanya Pengembalian Kerugian Negara, Thesis, Program Studi Hukum Program Magister Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia 2022. Halim, Abdul dan Bawono, 2011 “Pengelolaan Keuangan Negara Daerah:Hukum Kerugian Negara, dan Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan Daerah”, Kreasi Wacana, Yogyakarta. Inten Meutia,  & Liliana, Pengelolaan Keuangan Dana Desa, Jurnal Akuntansi Multiparadigma, 2017 8 (2). ICW Catat Lonjakan Kasus Korupsi Dana Desa, https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1270010/icw-catat-lonjakan-kasuskorupsi-dana-desa/full&view=ok diakses 19 Januari 2024.    Ismarandy, Peran Kejaksaan Dalam Pencegahan Dan Penanganan Tindak Pidana Korupsi Dana Desa Di Wilayah Hukum Kejaksaan Tinggi Sumatera,  IURIS STUDIA: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Peranan Kejaksaan Dalam Pencegahan Volume 2 Nomor 2, Juni 2021. Jimly Asshiddiqie,Gagasan Konstitusi Sosial, Jakarta: LP3ES, 2015. Kristian & Yopi Gunawan, Tindak Pidana Korupsi, Refika Aditama: Bandung, 2015. Karel Antonius Paeh Pengembalian Kerugian Keuangan Negara Berdasarkan Rekomendasi Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (Bpk) Hubungan Dengan Unsur Kerugian Negara Dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi e Jurnal Katalogis, Volume 5 Nomor 2 Februari 2017 hlm 49-56 ISSN: 2302-2019. Maratul Makhmudah, Pencegahan Terhadap Tindak Pidana Korupsi Pemerintahan Desa: Kajian Politik Kebijakan Dan Hukum Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam Desa, Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Malang, Fakultas Hukum Universitas Brawijaya Malang”. Yustisia 95 Mei-Agustus 2016. Sri Astuti Agustina, Pertanggungjawaban Kepala Desa Dan Peran Badan Permusyawaratan Desa, Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Tulungagung. Muladi dan Barda Nawawi Arief. Bunga Rampai Hukum Pidana. Bandung: Alumni. 1992. Marwan Effendy, Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia, Posisi dan Fungsinya dari Perspektif Hukum,Jakarta :  PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama,2005. Nata Irawan, Tata Kelola Pemrintahan Desa Era UU Desa, Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia, 2017. Nyoman Serikat Putra Jaya. 2005. Tindak Pidana Korupsi, Kolusi dan Nepotisme di Indonesia. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Undip. h. 2 Rantika Safitri Analisis Penyalahgunaan Alokasi Dana Desa Oleh Kepala Desa (Studi Kasus di Desa Taman Jaya) Jurnal Petitum, Vol. 2, No. 1, Februari 2022. Rahyuni Rauf, 2016, Asas Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Daerah, Jakarta :Pustaka Harapan , 2016. Soetandyo Wignjosoebroto, Hukum Konsep dan Metode, (Solo TB Rahma Solo, 2013). Siti Khoiriah & Utia Meylina, Analisis Sistem Pengelolaan Dana Desa Berdasarkan Regulasi Keuangan Desa, Jurnal Masalah-Masalah Hukum, 2017, 1 (1) Senator, Ratusan Kades Terlibat Korupsi Dana Desa, Majalah Dewan Perwakilan Daerah Republik Indonesia EDISI : JULI 2023. SISWANTO, Analisis Kebijakan Penyusunan Rancangan Peraturan Daerah Tata Cara Penyelesaian Ganti Kerugian Daerah Di Lingkungan Pemerintah Kabupaten Tegal, Desember 2018 dapat diakses pada http://repository.upstegal.ac.id/6814/1/4_LAPORAN%20PENELITIAN%20ANALISIS%20KEBIJAKAN%20PENYUSUNAN%20RANCANGAN%20PERATURAN%20DAERAH%20TATA%20CARA%20PENYELESAIAN%20GANTI%20KERUGIAN%20DAERAH%20%20DI%20LINGKUNGAN%20PEMERINTAH%20KABUPATEN%20TEGAL.pdf Sumber Saparin, Tata Pemerintahan dan Administrasi Pemerintahan Desa, Jakarta, Ghalia Indonesia, 1986. UU RI nomor 16 tahun 2004 tentang Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia jo. UU RI nomor 11 tahun 2021 tentang Perubahan UU RI nomor 16 tahun 2004 tentang Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 Tahun 2001 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 Tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Desa Surat Edaran Jaksa Agung No. B-113/F/FD.1/05/2010 .  https://aclc.kpk.go.id/aksi-informasi/Eksplorasi/20230821-kenali-berbagai-modus-korupsi-di-sektor-desa, diakses pada tanggal 30 Agustus 2023.
Pengintegrasian Mediasi Penal Sebagai Penyelesaian Perkara Pidana Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Pembaharuan Hukum Di Indonesia Yanuarto, Totok; Sari, Pika; Widihiana Suarda, I Gede; Azizah, Ainul
JURNAL RECHTENS Vol. 13 No. 1 (2024): Juni
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56013/rechtens.v13i1.2845

Abstract

Tujuan artikel ini untuk menelaah dan mengevaluasi tentang pengintegrasian mediasi penal sebagai penyelesaian perkara pidana di tinjau dari perspektif pembaharuan hukum di indonesia. Jenis penelitian ini termasuk kedalam kategori yuridis-normatif, yaitu penelitian yang dilakukan dengan cara menelaah teori-teori, konsep-konsep, asas hukum serta peraturan perundang-undangan yang sesuai dan berkaitan dengan objek penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dalam rangka menegakkan keadilan restorative dan pelaksanaannnya dilakukan dengan kesepakatan antara pelaku dan korban. Dikarenakan mediasi penal sebelumnya tidaklah pernah dilakukan di Indonesia maka sejatinya mediasi penal harus di integrasikan kedalam system peradilan pidana di Indonesia dan pengintegrasian tersebut sendiri dapat dilakukan dengan bentuk non penal policy yang dalam hal ini berarti dilakukan tanpa legislasi dan dapat pula dilakukan dengan lebih proper yaitu dengan penal policy yang pelaksanaannya dilaksanakan dengan penyusunan aturan mengenai mediasi penal mulai dari pengertian, asas, dan juga bentuk pelaksanaan integrasi penal di Indonesia. Kata Kunci:Mediasi, Penal, Perkara Pidana  Abstract The purpose of this article is to examine and evaluate the integration of penal mediation as a resolution of criminal cases from the perspective of legal reform in Indonesia. This type of research is included in the juridical-normative category, namely research carried out by examining theories, concepts, legal principles and statutory regulations that are appropriate and related to the object of research. The results of this research show that in order to uphold restorative justice and its implementation, it is carried out with an agreement between the perpetrator and the victim. Because penal mediation has never previously been carried out in Indonesia, penal mediation must actually be integrated into the criminal justice system in Indonesia and this integration itself can be carried out in the form of a non-penal policy, which in this case means it is carried out without legislation and can also be carried out more appropriately, namely by penal policy, the implementation of which is carried out by preparing rules regarding penal mediation starting from the meaning, principles and also the form of implementation of penal integration in Indonesia Keywords: Mediation, Penal, Criminal Case REFERENCES Andi Hamzah. 2009 Hukum Acara Pidana Edisi Kedua. Jakarta : Sinar Grafika. Braithwaite. 2006. Handbook of Restorative Justice “Shame. Shaming and Restorative Justice : A Critical appraisal”. New York : Routledge. Luhut Pangaribuan. 2006.  Hukum Acara Pidana Surat-Surat Resmi Di Pengadilan Oleh Advokat : Praperadilan. Eksepsi. Pledoi. Duplik. Memori Banding Kasasi. Peninjauan Kembali Edisi Revisi.  Jakarta : Djambatan. M Yahya Harahap. 2006. Pembahasan Permasalahan dan Penerapan KUHAP Penyidikan dan Penuntutan Edisi Revisi. Jakartta : Sinar Grafika. Mark S Umbreit. 2001. Obstacles And Oppurtunities For Developing Victim Offender Mediation For Juveniles : The Experience Of Six Oregon. San Fransisco : CA : Joessey-Bass. Bani. Ferdinand Donu. and Frans Simangunsong. "Mediasi Penal Sebagai Alternatif Penyelesaian Perkara Tindak Pidana Lingkungan Hidup." Journal Evidence Of Law 2. no. 3 (2023). Garcia. Virginia. Hari Sutra Disemadi. and Barda Nawawi Arief. "The enforcement of restorative justice in Indonesia criminal law." Legality: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 28. no. 1 (2020). Lesmana. CSA Teddy. "Implementasi Mediasi Penal Dalam Penanganan Perkara Pidana (Studi Kasus Pada Satreskrim Polres Sukabumi Kota)." Jurnal Rechten: Riset Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia 2. no. 2 (2020). Maknun. Luil. and Febrina Hertika Rani. "Perbandingan Konsep Penerapan Mediasi Penal Dalam Penyelesaian Perkara Pidana Di Indonesia Dan Negara Lain." Lex Librum: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 6. no. 2 (2020). Oktobrian. Dwiki. Rani Hendriana. Dwi Hapsari Retnaningrum. and Muhammad Lukman Nurhuda. "Pengawasan Pelaksanaan Kesepakatan Mediasi Penal Dalam Penerapan Restorative Justice Pada Tahapan Penyidikan." Litigasi 24. no. 1 (2023). Purnomo. Beja Suryo Hadi. "Kedudukan Mediasi Penal Dalam Sistem Peradilan Di Indonesia." Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Sosial 4. no. 2 (2018). Rizal. Moch Choirul. "Mediasi Penal Perspektif Hukum Pidana Islam." Ulul Albab 18. no. 1 (2017). Septiyo. Tendy. Joko Setiyono. and Muchlas Rastra Samara. "Optimalisasi Penerapan Mediasi Penal Sebagai Alternatif Penyelesaian Perkara Tindak Pidana." Jurnal Yuridis 7. no. 2 (2020). Sudarsono. Cacuk. "Pelaksanaan Mediasi Penal Dalam Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Penganiayaan." Unnes Law Journal 4. no. 1 (2015). Vasilenko. Aleksandra S.. Sergey A. Bukalerov. Natal’ya S. Gaintseva. and Anton V. Serous. "General Provisions of the Mediation Institution in Criminal Proceedings of European States." In Current Problems and Ways of Industry Development: Equipment and Technologies. pp. 906-913. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 2021. Wangga. Maria Silvya E.. Pujiyono Pujiyono. and Barda Nawawi Arief. "Revocation of Political Rights of The Perpetrators of Criminal Acts of Corruption." JILS 4 (2019).
Perbandingan Hukum Legalitas Aborsi Menurut KUHP Indonesia dan Japan Penal Code 2023 Putra, Ahmad Al Farobi Gomila; Setyawan, Ady Nur; Ohoiwutun, Y.A. Triana; Suarda, I Gede Widhiana
Al-Zayn: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Hukum & Politik Vol 3 No 5 (2025): 2025
Publisher : Yayasan pendidikan dzurriyatul Quran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61104/alz.v3i5.2389

Abstract

Aborsi merupakan isu kompleks yang melibatkan dimensi moral, medis, dan hukum serta menjadi topik diskusi yang terus berkembang di ruang akademik dan sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan pengaturan hukum mengenai legalitas aborsi berdasarkan KUHP Indonesia 2023 dan Japan Penal Code 2023 beserta regulasi kesehatannya. Metode yang digunakan ialah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan komparatif yang dianalisis secara kualitatif melalui kajian pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua negara sama-sama mengkategorikan aborsi sebagai tindak pidana, namun memberikan pengecualian terhadap kondisi medis darurat serta kehamilan akibat pemerkosaan. Perbedaan mendasar tampak pada alasan pembenar dan batas usia kehamilan, di mana Indonesia menetapkan batas 14 minggu dengan persyaratan administratif ketat, sedangkan Jepang melalui Maternal Protection Act memperbolehkan hingga 22 minggu dengan mempertimbangkan faktor sosial-ekonomi. Terdapat pula variasi dalam sanksi pidana, di mana Indonesia memberikan hukuman yang lebih berat terutama bagi tenaga medis yang terlibat. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan perlunya reformulasi kebijakan hukum Indonesia agar lebih seimbang dalam melindungi hak hidup janin sekaligus menjamin keselamatan dan otonomi reproduksi perempuan
Kriminalisasi Deepfake Pornography Berbasis AI dalam Perspektif Perlindungan HAM Di Era Digital Yurike Inna Rohmawati Ciptaningrum; Moh. Muhlisin; I Gede Widhiana Suarda; Triana Ohoiwutun
Jurnal Riset Multidisiplin Edukasi Vol. 2 No. 11 (2025): Jurnal Riset Multidisiplin Edukasi (Edisi November 2025)
Publisher : PT. Hasba Edukasi Mandiri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71282/jurmie.v2i11.1246

Abstract

The advancement of artificial intelligence technology in the digital era had a significant impact on human life, including emergence of abuse in the form of deepfake pornography.  Phenomenon involves the manipulation of a person's face or voice into pornographic content without consent, which clearly violates the rights to privacy, honor, and human dignity. In Indonesia, although there are regulations such as the ITE Law, the TPKS Law, the PDP Law, and the national Criminal Code, there is no regulation that explicitly ensnares the crime of deepfake pornography. This creates a legal vacuum and serious challenges in human rights protection. This study uses a normative juridical method with legislative and conceptual approach to analyze the urgency of criminalizing AI-based deepfake pornography and formulate an ideal policy model within the Indonesian criminal law system. The results of the study suggest that criminalization is a necessary form of human rights protection that can adapt to technological developments. The ideal criminalization policy model must be comprehensive and integrative, encompassing specific criminal regulations, strengthening digital forensics, victim protection and recovery, international cooperation, and a cultural approach. Criminal law can function effectively as an instrument for protecting human rights and promoting social justice in digital era.
Criminal Law Politics and Punishment Theories: A Comparative Study of Retributive vs. Restorative Justice in Indonesia and Georgia Suwandi, Nur Ainy Amira Puspitaning; Aida, Lutfi Nur; Suarda, I Gede Widhiana; Ohoiwutun, Y A Triana; Kapanadze, Maia
PATTIMURA Legal Journal Vol 4 No 3 (2025): December 2025 PATTIMURA Legal Journal
Publisher : Postgraduate Program Doctoral in Law, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47268/pela.v4i3.21767

Abstract

Introduction: The debate between retributive and restorative justice remains a central issue in the politics of criminal law across jurisdictions. Indonesia and Georgia represent two countries undergoing legal transitions with distinct historical and socio-political contexts, yet both face similar challenges in determining the orientation of their penal policies. Purposes of the Research: This study aims to analyze the differences in the application of retributive and restorative penal theories within the criminal law policies of Indonesia and Georgia, as well as to identify the factors influencing these orientations. Methods of the Research: The research adopts a normative legal method with a comparative approach, examining statutory provisions, legal doctrines, and relevant judicial decisions. Results Main Findings of the Research: The findings reveal that Indonesia continues to rely on its colonial legacy through the Criminal Code, which predominantly reflects a retributive paradigm, while gradually incorporating restorative principles in specific legislation such as the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Law. Conversely, Georgia, which previously enforced an extreme zero tolerance policy rooted in a retributive approach, has shifted toward restorative justice within its juvenile justice system through the enactment of the Juvenile Justice Code of 2015. The novelty of this research lies in its comparative analysis, which uncovers how historical, cultural, political, socio-economic, and legal factors shape each country’s penal orientation. These findings contribute to the development of comparative criminal law scholarship and provide valuable insights for promoting more balanced penal policies that integrate both retributive and restorative justice.
Co-Authors Afifah Nur Azizah Ahmad Fahrudin Aida, Lutfi Nur Ainul Azizah Alfalah Naufal Yufianda Andriani Naftali, Septina Angga Wardana Anwar, Iryana Awaludin Marwan Azizah, Afifah Nur A’an Efendi Bayu Dwi Anggono Bayu Dwi Anggono Dina Tsalist Wildana, Dina Tsalist Efendi, Aan Ermanto Fahamsyah Evan Hamman Fanny Tanuwijaya Fendi Setyawan Fendi Setyawan Firman Floranta Adonara, Firman Floranta Fiska Maulidian Nugroho Gautama Budi Arundhati, Gautama Budi Godeliva Ayudyana Suyudi Habi Burrohim Hariyono, Dwiki Agus Heqqy Rioscar Bramanta Herlangga, Armanda I Nyoman Gede Surya Mataram Ismail Ismail Kapanadze, Maia M. Arief Amrullah Mardianto, Cuk Indah Mardiyono Mardiyono Miftahul Huda Moch. Marsa Taufiqurohman Moch. Marsa Taufiqurrohman Moh. Ali Moh. Muhlisin Nugroho, Fiska Maulidian Nurcholis, Manggala Rizal Nuzulia Kumala Sari Ohoiwutun, Y A Triana Prakoso, Bhim Priambudi, Zaki Pribadi, R. Iman Prihatmini, Sapti Prihatmini, Sapti Putra, Ahmad Al Farobi Gomila R.A. Rini Anggraini Samuel Saut Martua Samosir Santoso, Sinung Teguh Sari, Pika Setiawan, Khafid Setyawan, Ady Nur Shofi Munawwir Effendi Supriyono Supriyono Suwandi, Nur Ainy Amira Puspitaning Taniady, Vicko Tanuwijaya , Fanny Tanuwijaya, Fannny Taufiqurrohman, Moch. Marsa Triana Ohoiwutun Ulfa Elfiah Walters, Reece Wardana, Dendik Surya WIDODO EKATJAHJANA Wijaya, Glenn Y.A. Triana Ohoiwutun, Y.A. Triana Yanuarto, Totok Yurike Inna Rohmawati Ciptaningrum Zaki Priambudi