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The Silent Voice of the Cushite Woman: Race, Identity, and Power in Numbers 12 Putrawan, Bobby Kurnia
MODERATE: Journal of Religious, Education, and Social Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): MODERATE: Journal of Religious, Education, and Social (May 2025)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Teolog Agama Kristen Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46362/moderate.v2i2.19

Abstract

This article explores the biblical narrative of the Cushite woman in Numbers 12, focusing on the intersections of race, gender, and power within the ancient Israelite context. The background of this study lies in the marginalization of non-Israelite women in biblical texts, particularly the Cushite woman, whose identity and role have been largely overlooked. The purpose of this article is to investigate how her silence and the criticism from Moses' siblings, Miriam and Aaron, reflect broader themes of racial and gender-based exclusion. Using a qualitative analysis of the biblical text, this study examines the implications of her marginalization within the power structures of ancient Israel, as well as the racial prejudices embedded in the narrative. The results suggest that the Cushite woman’s silence, while often interpreted as subjugation, can also be viewed as a form of subtle resistance against the patriarchal and racial systems at play.   Contribution: This article contributes to a more nuanced understanding of how marginalized figures were portrayed in the Bible, and it reflects on the ongoing relevance of these themes in modern discussions of race, gender, and authority.
Reading Romans 6:1-4 To A New Life Putrawan, Bobby Kurnia; Daryanto, Daryanto
AL-ADYAN Vol 17 No 2 (2022): Al-Adyan: Jurnal Studi Lintas Agama
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24042/al-adyan.v17i2.9748

Abstract

Sin is the main obstacle to God’s salvation, because the wages of sin is death. But salvation is God’s free gift, not because of the kindness of those who receive it to God. Baptism was used by Paul to explain the death of sin and life for God. Believers are baptized into Christ, are baptized in His death, which means believers are drowned in Christ, into the death of Him. And by the resurrection of Christ, those who die in Christ will also experience a resurrection with Christ. From this resurection with Christ, this is the faithful person who has a new life and starts walking in that new life. This article attempts to explain Paul's words in Romans 6: 1-4 about new life. And it is in this new life that believers have a quality life knowing God who is new and full of wisdom. And a new life here is a very different life from a long life, where a long life tands to sin, but a life that tends to be old is a wise life.
Digital Pneumatology: The Relevance and Role of the Holy Spirit in Technological Society Putrawan, Bobby Kurnia; Ayuk, Ayuk Ausaji
MODERATE: Journal of Religious, Education, and Social Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): MODERATE: Journal of Religious, Education, and Social (November 2025)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Teolog Agama Kristen Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46362/moderate.v3i1.26

Abstract

The rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed human interaction, communication, and spirituality, creating new challenges and opportunities for theology. In this changing landscape, understanding how the Holy Spirit works within digital culture becomes essential for a relevant pneumatological reflection. The purpose of this study is to explore the relevance and role of the Holy Spirit in a technologically mediated society, emphasizing the Spirit’s continuing work in renewing creation and guiding human life. This study employs a contextual theological analysis that integrates systematic theology, biblical interpretation, and digital ethics to examine how pneumatology interacts with the realities of virtual presence and communication. Through a qualitative, literature-based approach, it synthesizes classical and contemporary theological insights to construct a model of “digital pneumatology.” The findings indicate that the work of the Holy Spirit remains active in digital spaces—empowering believers to experience communion, truth, and transformation beyond physical boundaries. The Spirit sanctifies technology, transforming digital platforms into instruments of grace and moral discernment. Consequently, digital pneumatology affirms that divine presence continues to inspire creativity, mission, and ethical responsibility within modern technological culture. This reflection offers vital implications for the church’s ministry and the spiritual formation of believers in the twenty-first century. Contribution: This study contributes to digital theology by articulating how the Holy Spirit remains active and transformative within technological culture. It offers a theological framework that integrates pneumatology with digital ethics, emphasizing the Spirit’s role in sanctifying technology and shaping authentic Christian spirituality in the digital era.   Kemajuan pesat teknologi digital telah mengubah interaksi, komunikasi, dan spiritualitas manusia, menciptakan tantangan sekaligus peluang baru bagi teologi. Dalam lanskap yang terus berubah ini, pemahaman tentang bagaimana Roh Kudus bekerja di dalam budaya digital menjadi sangat penting bagi refleksi pneumatologis yang relevan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi relevansi dan peran Roh Kudus dalam masyarakat yang dimediasi oleh teknologi, dengan menekankan karya Roh yang terus-menerus dalam memperbarui ciptaan dan menuntun kehidupan manusia. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis teologi kontekstual yang mengintegrasikan teologi sistematik, penafsiran biblika, dan etika digital untuk menelaah bagaimana pneumatologi berinteraksi dengan realitas kehadiran dan komunikasi virtual. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif berbasis kepustakaan, penelitian ini mensintesis wawasan teologis klasik dan kontemporer untuk membangun sebuah model “pneumatologi digital.” Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karya Roh Kudus tetap aktif dalam ruang-ruang digital—memberdayakan orang percaya untuk mengalami persekutuan, kebenaran, dan transformasi melampaui batas-batas fisik. Roh Kudus menguduskan teknologi, mengubah platform digital menjadi sarana anugerah dan penilaian moral. Dengan demikian, pneumatologi digital menegaskan bahwa kehadiran ilahi terus menginspirasi kreativitas, misi, dan tanggung jawab etis dalam budaya teknologi modern. Refleksi ini memberikan implikasi penting bagi pelayanan gereja dan pembentukan spiritual orang percaya di abad ke-21.   Kontribusi: Penelitian ini memperluas kajian teologi digital melalui perumusan kerangka yang mengintegrasikan pneumatologi dan etika digital, menegaskan karya Roh Kudus yang terus aktif dalam menguduskan teknologi dan membentuk spiritualitas Kristen di era digital.
Empowering Creation in Freedom: The Kenosis of the Holy Spirit Putrawan, Bobby Kurnia; Uroko, Favour C.
Indonesian Journal of Religious Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Religious, Vol.8, No.2 (October 2025)
Publisher : LPPM - Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Indonesia Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46362/ijr.v8i2.59

Abstract

Contemporary conceptions of divine power are frequently framed in terms of sovereignty and unilateral control. This article proposes an alternative theological model by examining the kenosis of the Holy Spirit within the context of creation. The central objective is to explore how the Spirit’s self-emptying presence constitutes a mode of divine empowerment that operates not through coercion but by enabling the freedom of creation. Employing a reflective theological methodology, this study integrates biblical exegesis—particularly of Genesis 1:2 and Psalm 104:30—with systematic theological reflection and critical engagement with the works of key theologians such as Jürgen Moltmann, Hans Urs von Balthasar, John Zizioulas, and Karl Barth. The analysis demonstrates that the kenotic action of the Holy Spirit should not be construed as divine absence but rather as a purposeful self-limitation that nurtures a relational and participatory cosmos. Accordingly, this study contributes to pneumatological discourse by articulating a paradigm of divine power grounded in relationality, humility, and ethical responsibility, offering constructive implications for theology, anthropology, and ecology.
Ecclesia Reformata in the Digital Era: Calvin on Worship and the Online Church Putrawan, Bobby Kurnia; George, Annie
Journal of Religious and Socio-Cultural Vol 6 No 2 (2025): Journal of Religious and Socio-Cultural Vol.6 No.2 (October 2025)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Widya Agape dan Perkumpulan Teolog Agama Kristen Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46362/jrsc.v6i2.300

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic and rapid technological advancement have reshaped how churches conduct worship, pushing many congregations toward online platforms. This shift has raised critical theological questions, especially within the Reformed tradition, regarding the authenticity and integrity of digital worship. John Calvin’s theology of worship, which emphasizes God’s presence, the centrality of Scripture, and the communal nature of the church, provides a valuable framework for evaluating these changes. This article aims to examine how Calvin’s theological principles can be applied to online worship. It seeks to explore whether digital worship can remain theologically coherent within a Reformed framework and how churches can adapt Calvin’s insights for contemporary contexts. Using a theological-literary approach, this study analyzes Calvin’s writings on worship—particularly his views on Scripture, prayer, sacraments, and the gathered community—and compares them with the practices and challenges of online worship. Scholarly perspectives on digital religion are also engaged to assess the ongoing debate. The study finds that while online worship cannot fully replace the richness of physical gatherings—especially in relation to the sacraments—it can still nurture genuine spiritual experiences. If grounded in Scripture, focused on God’s presence, and supported by intentional practices of fellowship, online worship may uphold Reformed theological integrity. However, it requires careful pastoral oversight to avoid doctrinal dilution and to maintain the centrality of Word and prayer.
Revisiting Online Worship: John Calvin's Theology in the Digital Age Putrawan, Bobby Kurnia; Tandana, Ester Agustini
QUAERENS: Journal of Theology and Christianity Studies Vol 7 No 1 (2025): Vol.7 No.1 (2024): QUAERENS: Journal of Theology and Christianity Studies
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Widya Agape dan Perkumpulan Teolog Agama Kristen Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46362/quaerens.v7i1.301

Abstract

This study aims to explore the relationship between the doctrine of the Trinity and three key aspects of Christian life: contemplation, community, and compassion. The Trinitarian doctrine, which describes the relationship between the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit in one divine essence, forms the foundation for understanding a relational and transformative spiritual life. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how the concept of the Trinity is applied in the everyday life of Christians, particularly in practices such as contemplation that draws one closer to God, building church communities that reflect unity and diversity, and engaging in bold acts of compassion toward others. The methodology involves a theological literature review with a focus on systematic theology and pastoral application, as well as practical analysis of how Trinitarian teachings are implemented within the church and broader society. The results show that contemplation, community, and compassion are not only theological concepts but are actively practiced in ways that connect Christians to the Trinitarian life. By living out the teachings of the Trinity, Christians are invited into relational support, reflecting God's love, and transforming the world through courageous and sacrificial acts of love. This study contributes by providing a theological framework that connects the doctrine of the Trinity with Christian practices of contemplation, community, and compassion, offering both spiritual insights and practical applications for living out Trinitarian love in everyday life.
Qualitative Analysis of Christian Religious Education Teacher Learning Strategies in Online Learning Paskarina, Dian; Noya, Ludwig Beethoven Jones; Eunike, Pratiwi; Putrawan, Bobby Kurnia
Didache: Journal of Christian Education Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): Desember 2021
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Simpson Ungaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46445/djce.v2i2.433

Abstract

In the era of the Covid-19 pandemic, distance or online learning has become the primary method used by the government, in this case the Ministry of Education and Culture, to prevent the increasing number of Covid-19 viruses and the emergence of clusters in schools. In online learning, PAK teachers in their multifunctional role need to apply contextual learning strategies so that teaching and learning activities can take place in a systematic, directed, unobstructed, effective and efficient manner and can achieve educational targets. Contextual learning is a learning strategy that emphasizes the process of student involvement to achieve goals associated with real-life situations. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative and data collection is done by interview and documentation as well as relevant literature. The results of the study on some high achieving students' motivation and interest in learning increased with the online learning method after the Christian Religious Education teacher carried out the role optimally by using contextual learning strategies.  
Islamic Radicalism: History and a Case Study in the Indonesia Context Putrawan, Bobby Kurnia; Eunike, Pratiwi
Jurnal Theologia Vol. 32 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : The Faculty of Ushuluddin and Humanities, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/teo.2021.32.1.7906

Abstract

In the history of Islam, in the classical era, radicalism has existed, so it is not a new phenomenon in the modern age. Since the time of the Caliph Umar radicalism has emerged, but not yet organized, only in the time of the Caliph Ali bin Abu Talib this movement began to be systemized and organized through a Khawarij theological movement with its radical and uncompromising understanding of various acts of violence to oppose the tahkim or arbitration between the caliphs. Ali ibn Abi Talib and Muawiyah. Arbitration takes place in the context of the Shiffin war in which the khawarij group considers those who agreed to deviate from Islamic teachings. Later in Cairo an organization that had the same characteristics as the khawarij emerged, who wanted the authenticity of the teachings of Islam in the form of literal interpretation, without compromise, softening or reduction or reinterpretation. In filling out theological studies related to radicalism, this research was made to analyze "The relationship between radical genealogists in the classical period and the contemporary era in interpreting the Qur'an literally" At the end of the analysis will discuss the deconstruction of jihad as an effort to explain the meaning of jihad from various paradigms.
Pendampingan Guru Sekolah Minggu terhadap Perkembangan Iman Anak sebagai Pengikut Kristus di Gereja Presbyterian Evangelical Indonesia, Terindak, Kalimantan Barat Fatu, Sergi; Putrawan, Bobby Kurnia; Hartawidjaja, Hartawidjaja; Agung, Robert
SERVIRE: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Vol 3 No 2 (2023): SERVIRE: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (Oktober 2023)
Publisher : Indonesia Christian Religion Theologians Association and Widya Agape School of Theology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46362/servire.v3i2.133

Abstract

This article discusses the important role and challenges faced by Sunday school teachers at Gereja Presbyterian Evangelical Indonesia, Terindak, Kalimantan Barat in the kingdom of God. Despite serving faithfully, their ministry often falls short of the expectations of the Sunday school children. Sunday school teachers need to understand the spiritual growth of children and become mentors who have a better understanding of the individuality of the children they serve compared to pastors and other ministers. They also need to master child psychology to build good relationships and guide them with love and understanding. Additionally, Sunday school teachers are required to use creative teaching methods to capture children's interest. They must also be good role models and provide support in their daily lives. The nurturing of children's growth in accordance with the church's goals depends on the role of Sunday school teachers as agents of change. Furthermore, thorough preparation before teaching and diligent instruction are important factors in effectively teaching so that the children being served can grow in true faith in Christ. Artikel ini membahas peran penting dan tantangan yang dihadapi oleh guru sekolah Minggu Gereja Presbyterian Evangelical Indonesia, Terindak, Kalimantan Barat dalam kerajaan Allah. Meskipun mereka melayani dengan setia, seringkali pelayanan mereka tidak sesuai dengan harapan anak-anak sekolah Minggu. Guru sekolah Minggu perlu memahami pertumbuhan rohani anak-anak dan menjadi mentor yang lebih memahami pribadi anak-anak yang dilayaninya daripada pendeta dan pelayan lainnya. Mereka juga perlu menguasai psikologi anak untuk menjalin hubungan yang baik dan menuntun mereka dengan kasih dan pengertian. Di samping itu, guru sekolah Minggu dituntut untuk menggunakan metode pengajaran yang kreatif agar mampu menarik minat anak. Mereka juga harus menjadi teladan yang baik dan memberikan dukungan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Pemeliharaan pertumbuhan anak-anak yang sesuai dengan tujuan gereja tergantung pada peran guru sekolah Minggu sebagai agen perubahan. Selain itu, persiapan yang matang sebelum mengajar dan pengajaran yang tekun merupakan faktor penting dalam mengajar dengan efektif agar anak-anak yang dilayani bertumbuh dalam iman yang benar kepada Kristus.
Menumbuhkan Sikap Gemar Membaca Alkitab Pada Siswa Kelas 8 Sekolah Menengah Pertama BOPKRI 3 Yogyakarta Purba, Junita; Putrawan, Bobby Kurnia; Setiawan, Ruthnawaty; Tindoilo, Dian Paskarina; Tan, Juan Ananta
SERVIRE: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Vol 4 No 1 (2024): SERVIRE: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (April 2024)
Publisher : Indonesia Christian Religion Theologians Association and Widya Agape School of Theology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46362/servire.v4i1.203

Abstract

This study aims to foster an attitude of liking to read the Bible in grade 8 students of SMP BOPKRI 3 Yogyakarta. The attitude of liking to read the Bible is an important aspect in religion-based character education in this school. The research method used is classroom action research (CAR) which consists of several cycles. Each cycle includes planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The results of the study indicate that by using interactive and interesting learning methods, such as group discussions, shared reading, and the use of digital media, there is a significant increase in interest and frequency of reading the Bible among students. In addition, support from teachers, parents, and the school environment also plays an important role in encouraging this reading attitude. This study concludes that applying varied and collaborative learning methods effectively fosters an attitude of liking to read the Bible in grade 8 students. Recommendations for further research are to expand the methods used and involve more participation from the school community to create a stronger reading culture. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menumbuhkan sikap gemar membaca Alkitab pada siswa kelas 8 SMP BOPKRI 3 Yogyakarta. Sikap gemar membaca Alkitab merupakan aspek penting dalam pendidikan karakter berbasis agama di sekolah ini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang terdiri dari beberapa siklus. Setiap siklus meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran yang interaktif dan menarik, seperti diskusi kelompok, pembacaan bersama, serta penggunaan media digital, terjadi peningkatan signifikan dalam minat dan frekuensi membaca Alkitab di kalangan siswa. Selain itu, dukungan dari guru, orang tua, dan lingkungan sekolah juga berperan penting dalam mendorong sikap gemar membaca ini. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa penerapan metode pembelajaran yang variatif dan kolaboratif efektif dalam menumbuhkan sikap gemar membaca Alkitab pada siswa kelas 8. Rekomendasi untuk penelitian selanjutnya adalah memperluas metode yang digunakan serta melibatkan lebih banyak partisipasi dari komunitas sekolah untuk menciptakan budaya membaca yang lebih kuat.
Co-Authors Abraham Pontius Sitinjak Agung, Robert Agus Santoso Agus Santoso Alisaid Prawiro Negara Alisaid Prawiro Negoro Amos Neolaka Amran Simangunsong Andreas Setiawan Andreas Setiawan Anjai Silalahi Antonius Missa Arif Gulo Arif Yupiter Gulo Ayuk, Ayuk Ausaji Christiani Hutabarat Daryanto Daryanto Daryanto Daryanto Dian Paskarina Diana Tjoeng Dwi Meinanto Ebenhaezer I. Nuban Timo Ebenhaizer I. Nuban Timo Edi Sugianto Edim Bahabol Edward Everson Hanock Eunike, Pratiwi Fatu, Sergi George, Annie Gerald Laoh Gulo, Arifman Gumono, Abednego Tri Haisoo, Musa Halawa, Solingkari Hartawidjaja, Hartawidjaja Hengki Wijaya Hermawan, Yoan Jessica Horas Manalu Hutahean, Mangala Batara Ida Ayu Putu Sri Widnyani Imron Widjaja Intan Anggreni Iswahyudi Iswahyudi Iswahyudi Iswahyudi ISWAHYUDI ISWAHYUDI Jemmy Suhadi Jerry Sucipto Thauwrisan Juli Santoso Krisdiantoro, Andreas Bayu Lasmaria Nami Simanungkalit Lie, Sioe Maria Payer Marthin Steven Lumingkewas Missa, Antonius Mudakir Napitupulu, Pieter Anggiat Ndolu, Yopie Noya, Ludwig Beethoven Jones Oktavianti, Nelci Oktavianus Rangga Paskarina, Dian Peni Hestiningrum Pieter Anggiat Napitupulu Prihantoro, Yogi Purba, Junita Ramot Peter Robby Robert Repi Santoso * Setiawan, Ruthnawaty Setiawan, Samuel Tanasyah Sijabat, Panderaja Simanjuntak, Marudut Bernadtua Sindoro, Pujiastuti Liza Situmorang, Citra Pangalinan Solingkari Halawa Susanti Embong Bulan Susanti Embong Bulan Sutrisno Sutrisno Sutrisno Sutrisno Sutrisno Sutrisno Sutrisno, Sutrisno Tan, Juan Ananta tanasyah, yusak Tandana, Ester Agustini Timotius Bakti Sarono Timotius Timotius Timotius, Timotius Tindoilo, Dian Paskarina Uroko, Favour C. Widjaja Sugiri Yan Kristianus Kadang Yerlin Vinni Sutri yusak tanasyah Yusak Tanasyah