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All Journal Saintek Perikanan : Indonesian Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology Bionatura Jurnal Akuatika Jurnal Perikanan Kelautan Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan Agrokreatif Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Akuatika Indonesia Jurnal Biodjati Jurnal Biologi Tropis Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada Aquasains : Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan dan Sumberdaya Perairan Sains Akuakultur Tropis : Indonesian Journal of Tropical Aquaculture Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Ichthyology) Jurnal Ruaya : Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Ilmu Perikanan dan Kelautan Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health Abdi: Jurnal Pengabdian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Asian Journal of Aquatic Sciences Grouper: Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan Jurnal Abdi Insani Media Kontak Tani Ternak Journal of Social Research Journal of Fish Health Return : Study of Management, Economic and Bussines Journal of Fish Nutrition Jurnal Ruaya : Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Ilmu Perikanan dan Kelautan Manfish Journal Depik Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir dan Perikanan Depik Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir, dan Perikanan Asian Journal of Social and Humanities Jurnal Kelautan dan Perikanan Indonesia Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan Jurnal Perikanan Jurnal Natur Indonesia JARI : Jurnal Akuakultur Rawa Indonesia PharmaCine: Journal of Pharmacy, Medical and Health Science

Kiki Haetami

Fakultas Perikanan Dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Padjadjaran

Author-ID : 2704272

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Dentistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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EFFECTS OF Bacillus sp PROBIOTICS ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF Carassius auratus IN URBAN FISH FARMING Syakir, Muhammad Sabiq; Mulyani, Yuniar; Rostika, Rita; Haetami, Kiki; Davinci, Leonardo; Karsih, Okta Rizal
Asian Journal of Aquatic Sciences Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/ajoas.8.2.214-222

This study aims to determine the optimum density of Bacillus sp. bacteria applied to feed to increase the growth of C. auratus maintained in a fish farming system in an 80 L bucket. As a form of urban farming, this research was conducted in the yard of Building 1 of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, UNPAD. This study used an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design model consisting of 4 treatments and three replications, namely treatment A (control), treatment B (Bacillus sp 106 CFU/mL), treatment C (Bacillus sp. 108 CFU/mL), and treatment D (Bacillus sp 1010 CFU/mL). Observations were made for 60 days. Observation parameters were weight growth, length growth, specific growth rate, feed efficiency, survival, and water quality. The results of this study indicate that treatment C (Bacillus sp 108 CFU/mL) was the most effective in increasing the growth of C. auratus, as seen from the absolute weight growth of 61.20 g, absolute length growth of 1.30 cm, specific growth rate of 0.77%/day, feed efficiency of 38%, and fish survival rate of 96% which were significantly different compared to the others.

CONSUMPTION OF NATURAL FEED RICH IN CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS ON GROWTH, INTESTINAL CONDITION, AND HEPATOPANCREAS OF SAND LOBSTER (Panulirus homarus) IN PANGANDARAN REGENCY Rostika, Rita; Haetami, Kiki; Andikawati, Aulia; Putra, Pringgo Kusuma Dwi Noor Yadi; Utama, Mochhamad Ikhsan Cahya; Wijayanti, Lady Ayu Sri; Maulida, Yulvina; Triyani, Dina Amalia
Asian Journal of Aquatic Sciences Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/ajoas.8.2.230-239

This study aims to investigate the stimulatory effects of natural feed with calcium and phosphorus supplementation on growth and survival via physiological poses of hepatopancreas and intestine in sand lobster (Panulirus homarus). A trial was done with three types of natural feed of shell rich in calcium and phosphorus for lobsters weighing 80 g (initial weight), and that contained different mineral values: shrimp (Acetes), with calcium/phosphorus content (mg/mg) of 757/292, anchovy (Stolephorus sp) with 500/500, and golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) with 129/60. This study was conducted from October 2023 to December 2023 at the KJA of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, located on the East Coast of Pangandaran Regency. The parameters measured were survival, growth, histological health of the hepatopancreas and the intestine of the sand lobsters, and water quality. The results showed the highest survival of lobsters in the treatment fed by shrimp at 96%, and the highest specific growth rate of lobsters was found in the anchovy diet at 1.90 0.5117%. Intestinal villus area of lobster was 1857.667 µm2; besides this, the histology of Hepato pancreas and intestine has been described descriptively. Water quality parameters in the research site varied as depth-visibility was from 3.1 m, temperatures of 27 to 29°C, dissolved oxygen was 6.4 to 8.8 mg/L, pH range was 7 to 8, and the salinity range was 34 to 35 ppt

Fine Bubble Technology in Aquaculture: A Review of Enhanced Nutrient Uptake El Java, Achmad Syah Nizar; Haetami, Kiki; Putri, Triwidiyanti Rosmayani; Putra, Agustinus; Rizkia, Syifa Nur; Goenisa, Jihan; Humaira, Najma
Sains Akuakultur Tropis : Indonesian Journal of Tropical Aquaculture Vol 9, No 2 (2025): SAT edisi September
Publisher : Departemen Akuakultur FPIK UNDIP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/sat.v9i2.28538

Freshwater aquaculture in Indonesia encounters critical challenges related to production efficiency and environmental sustainability, where feed costs account for 60–70% of operational expenses, and conventional aeration systems achieve only 8–15% oxygen transfer efficiency while inducing excessive turbulence that stresses fish. This study aims to systematically review fine bubble technology applications to improve nutrient absorption efficiency in freshwater aquaculture systems. A comprehensive literature search was performed across ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, PubMed, Google Scholar, and nationally accredited journals from 2013 to 2024 using the keywords “fine bubble,” “microbubble,” “nanobubble,” and “nutrient absorption” with Boolean operators. Selected articles focused on peer-reviewed studies addressing fine bubble implementations and nutrient absorption mechanisms in freshwater aquaculture. The findings reveal that fine bubble technology, comprising microbubbles (10–50 μm) and nanobubbles (<1 μm), demonstrates outstanding performance by achieving 85–95% oxygen transfer efficiency compared to conventional systems (8–15%), maintaining dissolved oxygen levels up to 25.39 mg/L while reducing ammonia by 83.33%. In recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), this technology significantly enhanced biomass growth, improved feed conversion ratios from 1.8 to 1.4, reduced energy consumption by 30–40% (1.2–2.0 kWh/kg O₂ vs. 2–4 kWh/kg O₂), and ensured uniform oxygen distribution with minimal turbulence stress. Practically, these results suggest that fine bubble technology holds transformative potential for sustainable freshwater aquaculture intensification by optimizing nutrient uptake efficiency, improving water quality, and reducing energy costs. This technology is highly recommended for application in RAS and aquaponic systems, while further research is needed to develop cost-effective solutions for small-scale farmers and integrate IoT-based monitoring systems to support broader commercial scalability.

The Effect of Eucheuma cottonii Seaweed Flour Addition on the Preference Level of Dogol Shrimp Nuggets Hanun, Inas Maya Tamimah; Rostini, Iis; Haetami, Kiki; Pratama, Rusky Intan
Jurnal Natur Indonesia Vol. 23 No. 2 (2025): October
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jnat.23.2.116-125

This study aims to determine the effect of adding Eucheuma cottonii seaweed flour on the preference level of dogol shrimp (Metapenaeus monoceros) nuggets. Dogol shrimp nuggets have high protein content but are low in fiber, so adding seaweed flour as a dietary fiber source is expected to improve the nutritional value and product quality. The research used an experimental method with four treatments of seaweed flour addition to dogol shrimp nuggets: 0% (control), 1.5%, 2.5%, and 3.5%. Hedonic testing was conducted with 25 semi-trained panelists as replicates to evaluate sensory attributes (color, aroma, taste, and texture). Based on panelist preference level and Bayes test results, the priority product was subsequently analyzed through proximate analysis (moisture, protein, fat, and ash), crude fiber content, and texture testing (Texture Profile Analysis). The research showed that adding seaweed flour significantly affected the increase in fiber content. The treatment with 1.5% seaweed flour addition was the best treatment with moisture content values of 61.11%; protein 8.47%; ash 1.84%; fat 1.78%; crude fiber 2.15%; and texture analysis values of hardness 4,315.7523 gForce; fracturability not detected; springiness 0.8487%; cohesiveness 0.5813%; gumminess 2,500.1247 gForce; chewiness 2,110.6553 gForce; and resilience 0.2553%. The addition of Eucheuma cottonii seaweed flour to dogol shrimp nuggets can serve as an innovation in developing healthier fishery product processing that consumers prefer

POTENSI MINYAK BIJI KARET (Hevea brasiliensis) HASIL OLAHAN SEBAGAI SUMBER ASAM LEMAK DALAM FORMULASI PAKAN IKAN Haetami, Kiki; Andriani, Yuli; Juwita, Indah Permata; Suripto, Auliya; Saputra, Arya Bayu Ega
JARI : Jurnal Akuakultur Rawa Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024): JARI : JURNAL AKUAKULTUR RAWA INDONESIA
Publisher : Program Studi Budidaya Perairan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36706/jari.v12i2.15

Pohon karet (Hevea brasiliensis) adalah tanaman yang tumbuh subur di daerah tropis yang menghasilkan biji dan berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber suplemen minyak alternatif dalam pakan ikan, karena ikan membutuhkan nutrisi yang terkandung dalam biji karet, yaitu asam lemak. Kandungan asam lemak dalam biji karet, terutama asam linoleat dan asam oleat, berpeluang digunakan dalam formulasi pembuatan pakan ikan. Review artikel ini bertujuan memberi gambaran tentang penggunaan minyak biji karet sebagai bahan baku pakan ikan dan menjelaskan serta menentukan metode pengolahan yang cocok, efektif, dan ramah lingkungan. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskripsi literasi, dengan penelusuran jurnal-jurnal melalui Google Scholar dan Sciencedirect. Studi literatur menunjukkan bahwa pengolahan biji karet melalui proses pengepresan dan perendaman dengan heksana mampu meningkatkan kadar protein hingga 50,74%, meskipun kandungan antinutrisi seperti asam sianida yang bersifat toksik, masih terkandung dan dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan ikan. Studi literatur lainnya membuktikan bahwa metode ekstraksi modern seperti ekstraksi Soxhlet lebih efektif dan ramah lingkungan dibandingkan metode tradisional dalam memproduksi minyak biji karet. Temuan-temuan ini dapat memberikan kontribusi bagi pengembangan dan pemanfaatan minyak biji karet sebagai bahan baku alternatif dalam formulasi pembuatan pakan ikan, khususnya untuk sektor budidaya dan perikanan yang berkelanjutan.

PRESERVASI KANDUNGAN NUTRISI DALAM PENGOLAHAN PAKAN IKAN BUDIDAYA Haetami, Kiki; Surahman, Mohammad Badai Putra
JARI : Jurnal Akuakultur Rawa Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025): JARI : JURNAL AKUAKULTUR RAWA INDONESIA
Publisher : Program Studi Budidaya Perairan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36706/jari.v13i1.32

Feed rich in nutrients such as protein, essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals plays a central role in successful aquaculture. However, feed processing processes, including extrusion, drying, and encapsulation, often involve extreme conditions such as high temperatures and pressures that can damage sensitive nutrients. The purpose of this literature review is to explore various preservation techniques in aquaculture feed processing to minimize nutrient damage, including temperature control, water content reduction, addition of preservative agents, and modification of chemical composition in an effort to produce feed with good nutritional quality. The method used in compiling this review is the systematic review method. By combining the latest insights from various studies, this review provides strategic guidance for the development of fish feed that is not only efficient and nutritionally stable, but also environmentally friendly. The implications of this innovation are expected to improve the sustainability of aquaculture operations and support responsible fisheries resource management. Based on the results of the study, methods such as drying, fermentation, microencapsulation, and vitamin addition have the potential to increase nutrition in feed and have a good impact on farmed fish.

The Phytase and Microbial Potential in Fish Feed: A Review Haetami, Kiki; Amanda, Trisna Rosa; Abun, Abun
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 1 (2025): Januari - Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i1.8241

Phytic acid is a form of phosphorus storage that can interfere with the absorption of starch and protein as an energy source from cereal grain flour. This review aims to explore the benefits of microbial fermentation processing in producing phytase enzymes to degrade phytic acid and improve the nutritional quality of grain-based fish feed. Through a comprehensive literature study approach, reviewing the mechanism of phytase production, characteristics of potential microbes, and fermentation process optimization strategies that can affect the effectiveness of enzymes in reducing phytic acid content. The results of the study showed that the microbes Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, and Lactobacillus plantarum have the potential to produce phytase. Optimization of environmental conditions in fermentation and phytase application is influenced by media composition, environmental parameters, microbial strains and fish species, becoming the key to the success of effective enzyme application. Optimal fermentation conditions range from pH 4.5-6.5 and temperature 45-55℃. Addition of phytase with a dose of 0.75-2 g/kg feed can increase growth. Phytase can increase digestibility and is effectively needed (range 500-1500 mg/kg) in farmed fish.

The Effect of Earthworm Meal Addition as an Atrractant in Feed on the Growth of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Trisyandi Imanudin; Kiki Haetami; Evi Liviawaty; Iskandar
Grouper Vol. 15 No. 2 (2024): Grouper : Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan
Publisher : Universitas Islam Lamongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30736/grouper.v15i2.246

Catfish is one type of carnivorous fish that can adapt to artificial feed formulations. attractants from animal sources such as earthworm meal can be used as attractants in feed. Attractants added to feed in small amounts can stimulate appetite and fish growth. This study aims to determine the best dose of earthworm meal addition as an attractant in feed so that it affects the growth of catfish. This study used experimental method of Completely Randomised Design (RAL) with 5 treatments and 3 replicates. The treatment used was the addition of earthworm meal attractant in catfish feed at a dose of 0% (A), 5% (B), 7,5% (C), 10% (D), and 12,5% (E). The results showed that the addition of 10% earthworm meal attractant in feed (Treatment D) was the best dose for catfish growth which was able to increase absolute length growth by 6,85 cm and specific growth rate (SGR) by 4,74%/day.

APLIKASI BAKTERI PROBIOTIK PADA PAKAN IKAN ., Aisyah; Haetami, Kiki; Andriani, Yuli; Mulyani, Yuniar
Jurnal Ruaya : Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Ilmu Perikanan dan Kelautan Vol 10 No 1 (2022): Jurnal Ruaya : Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Ilmu Perikanan dan Kelautan
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PONTIANAK

Pakan merupakan aspek yang sangat penting dalam budidaya. Pentingnya efisiensi dalam produksi pakan sangat diperlukan untuk menekan biaya produksi. Salah satunya adalah penambahan probiotik Probiotik merupakan feed additive yang memiliki efek positif bagi kesehatan ikan karena dapat meningkatkan keseimbangan mikrobiota usus serta memberikan perlindungan dan perlindungan terhadap penyakit.Mengandung banyak mikroorganisme. Meningkatkan kecernaan pakan mendorong pertumbuhan dan meningkatkan kekebalan tubuh terhadap patogen tertentu. Sumber probiotik diperoleh melalui proses isolasi spesies bakteri dan karakterisasi kemudian diuji pada ikan yang diuji. Selain itu, saat memberikan probiotik pada ikan, ada dua jenis, cair dan bubuk, keduanya memiliki efek yang sama. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan probiotik ini harus diterapkan secara luas untuk meningkatkan kualitas pakan.

PEMANFAATAN TUMBUHAN SEBAGAI BAHAN PAKAN IKAN: SEBUAH REVIEW Amelia, Fadilah; Andriani, Yuli; Haetami, Kiki
Jurnal Ruaya : Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Ilmu Perikanan dan Kelautan Vol 10 No 1 (2022): Jurnal Ruaya : Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Ilmu Perikanan dan Kelautan
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PONTIANAK

Budidaya perikanan sangat dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan pakan yang cukup dalam jumlah dan kualitasnya untuk mendukung hasil produksi yang maksimal. Pakan menjadi salah satu faktor yang berperan penting dalam keberhasilan kegiatan budidaya karena menentukan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan ikan serta pakan juga merupakan komponen biaya produksi yang paling tinggi yaitu karena bisa mencapai 75% dari biaya operasional. Hal ini disebabkan karena tingginya harga bahan baku pakan yang masih impor. Maka penggunaan pakan dalam budidaya perlu diefisienkan untuk dapat mengoptimalkan hasil produksi budidaya. Ada berbagai cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk menekan harga pakan guna mengurangi atau mengganti bahan baku, antara lain pemanfaatan tumbuhan sebagai bahan pakan ikan salah satunya adalah Lemna sp, Azolla sp, kiambang, eceng gondok, Indigofera Sp, dan sebagainya. Tumbuhan tersebut berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan pakan ikan karena kandungan protein berkisar 27-35% dan terbukti berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan berat badan juga daya cerna sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai pakan alternatif dan menjadi solusi dalam permasalahan biaya produksi budidaya.

Co-Authors Abi Muhamad Abdillah Abun Abun Abun Abun Abun Abun Achmad Rizal Achmad Rizal Adhariansyah, Addifa Adriani, Yuli Afisha, Fauziyah Nur Agid Faisal Harahap Agus Priyadi Aisyah . Aisyah . Aisyah Aisyah Aisyah Aisyah Aldiansyah, Aldiansyah Alexander Khan Alfiansyah, Robby Amanda, Trisna Rosa Amelia, Fadilah Andikawati, Aulia Anisa Dwi Septhyani Aria Kusuma, Naufal Arnessa, Hilda Asep Sahidin Aulia Andhikawati Aulia Andhikawati Aulia, Rio Farhan Awaludin, Rohmat Ayi Yustiati Budiana, Yoga Nugraha Budiman, Viona Liuprilita Buntora Pasaribu Cahya, Muhamad Dwi Dadan Kardana Danar Dono Davinci, Leonardo Dewi Intan Permatasari Dina Amalia Triyani Dito Maryanto Putra Eka Royani El Java, Achmad Syah Nizar Elit Erdiasari Erdiasari, Elit Evi Liviawaty Evi Liviawaty Fadhilah Silviana Putri Fadilah Amelia Fadilatul Mukaromah Fadlan, Alwan Farsya Fadillah Willyanissa Fauziyyah Sausanti Wijaya Kusumah Ferri Satya Darmawan Fiddy Semba Prasetiya Galih Dewi Andini Goenisa, Jihan Grandiossa, Roffi Handaka, Asep Agus Hanun, Inas Maya Tamimah Harmonis, Jacky Abdul Aziz Henhen Suherman Herman Hamdani Herman Hamdani Heti Herawati heti herawati Humaira, Najma Ibnu Dwi Buwono Iis Rostini Ika Kurnia Utami Imam Sholichin Inas Maya Tamimah Hanun Ine Maulina Irfan Zidni Irman Eka Septiarusli ISKANDAR Iskandar Iskandar Iskandar Iskandar Junianto Junianto - Junianto - Junianto . JUNIANTO JUNIANTO Junianto Junianto Juwita, Indah Permata Karimah Syakirotin Karsih, Okta Rizal Kusmana, Naufal Rizky Kusumah, Fauziyyah Sausanti Wijaya Lady Ayu Sri Wijayanti Lady Ayu Sri Wijayanti Lesta Krismawati Baeha Lina Karlina Luther, Abraham Luthfi Nur Aulia Luthfidianto, Iqbal M. Ikhsan C.U Mario Kristianto Triputra Sihombing Maulida, Yulvina Mega Fatimah Rosana Meidito, Agung S. Mochamad Untung Kurnia Agung Mochhamad Ikhsan Cahya Utama Muhamad Dwi Cahya Muhammad Rizky Prananda Mukaromah, Fadilatul Naufal Aria Kusuma Nia Kurniawati Nofi Puji Utami Nur Aulia, Luthfi Nur Fajrie Machmud Nusyaibah, Kei Aqila Permatasari, Dewi Intan Prananda, Muhammad Rizky Pratiwy, Fittrie Meyllianawaty Pringgo Dwi Noor Yadi Putra Pringgo Kusuma Dwi Noor Yadi Putra Priwirjanto, Gatot Hari Putra, Agustinus Putra, Dito Maryanto Putri, Aorenza Delviana Putri, Naila Jasmine Alifah Putri, Nayla Chalisa Putri, Triwidiyanti Rosmayani Rahmani, Fadlilah Aida Rahmat, Romario Ramadhan, Luthfi Naufal Rheki Wulansari Risdiana Risdiana RISDIANA RISDIANA, RISDIANA Rita Rostika Rizkia, Syifa Nur Roffi Grandiosa Roffi Grandiosa Roffi Grandiosa Roffi Grandiosa Roffi Grandiosa Herman Rosidah - Rosidah - Royani, Eka Rufi'i Rusky Intan Pratama Sah, Risti Saputra, Arya Bayu Ega Septhyani, Anisa Dwi Sudrajat, Rizky Ahmad Sukarman - Sulastri Arsad Surahman, Mohammad Badai Putra Suripto, Auliya Syahputra, Moch Risfi Syakir, Muhammad Sabiq Syakirotin, Karimah Syifa, Jeni Ghina Trisyandi Imanudin Triyani, Dina Amalia Ujang Subhan Viona Liuprilita Budiman Wardani, Rizka Maulina Yasmin, Vyrda Triyulvina Yeni Mulyani Yenny Mulyani Yuli Andriani Yuli Andriani Yuli Andriani Yuniar Mulyani Yuniarti M. Suherman Zahidah Zahidah Zidni, Irfan

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