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Journal : Emerging Science Journal

Agarose-Based Antibacterial Films from Gracilaria sp.: Isolation, Characterization, and Metal Nanoparticle Incorporation Ahmad, Ahyar; Zainuddin, Rahmaniah; Saksono, Budi; Anita, Sita Heris; Zulfiana, Deni; Ermawar, Riksfardini A.; Arfah, Rugaiyah; Natsir, Hasnah; Karim, Harningsih; Irmawati; Ramli, Siti R.; Karim, Abdul
Emerging Science Journal Vol. 9 No. 5 (2025): October
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2025-09-05-03

Abstract

The incorporated metal nanoparticles in a polysaccharide-based film exhibit efficient antibacterial activity against harmful germs. However, previous studies have used a commercial polysaccharide for their film production. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a natural polysaccharide-based film extracted from the local algae Gracilaria sp. originating from Sinjai Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Firstly, the polysaccharide agarose was isolated and its properties compared with those of commercial agarose. A present low-cost isolation process produces agarose with 1.8% (w/w) of yield. Results also showed physicochemical properties similar to those of the commercial agarose. Secondly, the agarose-based antibacterial film was synthesized at 0, 0.5, and 1% glycerol concentrations. The synthesized film was incorporated with silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) nanoparticles (NPs). Morphological, mechanical, and physicochemical properties of the incorporated Ag-agarose and Cu-agarose films were characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Universal Testing Machine (UTM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. Results showed the film stiffness and tensile strength increased by incorporating either AgNPs or CuNPS. The interaction of AgNPs-agarose most likely involves physical bonds, while the interaction of CuNPs-agarose forms coordination bonds. An antibacterial test showed that the Ag-agarose nanocomposite inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Bacillus subtilis. In the meantime, Cu-agarose prevented the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Overall, antibacterial activity was influenced by the interaction between metal nanoparticles and agarose, the concentration of metal nanoparticles, and the film's solubility. An agarose-based antibacterial film from Gracilaria sp. has the potential for use in various applications, including food packaging, pharmaceuticals, and other industries.
Co-Authors Abdul Karim Abdul Rauf Patong Abubakar, Andi Nur Fitriani Ade Rifka Junita Ahmad Fudhail  Majid Ajuk Sapar Alam, Muh. Nur Alfian Noor Ali Muhakim Andi Erwin Eka Putra Andi Evi Erviani Anita Anita Ardita R, Dian Fitrah Arfah, Rugaiyah Arfah, Rugaiyah A. Arfah, Rugaiyah Andi Arfiani Nur Aslinda, Wery Asmuddin Nasir Asmuddin Natsir Azis, Fitria Aziz, Fitria BUDI SAKSONO Burhanuddin Bahar Burhanuddinnur, Muhammad Chatarina Umbul Wahyuni Cut Muthiadin Deni Zulfiana dwyana, Zarsawaty Ermawar, Riksfardini A. Eva Johannes Fadliah, Fadliah Febryanti, Amalyah Firdaus Firdaus Firdaus Hamid Gita, Gita Hafsan, Hafsan Hanapi Usman Harningsih Karim Harningsih Karim Hasnah Natsir Indah Raya Irfandi, Rizal Irmawati Isna Rasdianah Aziz Kasturiasih, Ni Putu Khairunnur, Siti Laily Agustina Laily Agustina, Laily M. Sabir Maming Gaffar, Maming Mardiyanti, Riska Mashuri Masri Maslan, Muhammad Maswati Baharuddin Miftahul Jannah Mochammad Hatta Muh. Yusri Karim Muhammad Nadir Muhammad Reza Primaguna Muhammad Zakir Munadi, Rachmin Negara, Satria Putra Jaya Nunuk H. Soekamto Nunuk Hariani Soekamto Nur Asmi Nur Indah Purnamasari Nur Umriani Nurfadini, Nurfadini Nurhikmah Nurhikmah Nurjannah Nurjannah Paulina Taba Putri, Tri Widayati Ramadani, Ananda Ramli, Siti R. Rasyid, Herlina Rauf, Wahyudin Ressy Dwiyanti Ridwan, Irham Pratama Riksfardini Annisa ERMAWAR Risdianto, I Wayan Rosdiana Natzir Sappewali, Sappewali Sarlan, Sarlan Sita Heris Anita SITI HALIMAH LAREKENG, SITI HALIMAH Sri Wahyuni Sukmawaty, Eka Sulistiani Jarre Suriati Eka Putri Syamsurya, Syamsurya USMAN - Usman Usman Yasser, M Yuniar Harviyanti Yunita, Vivi Alfi Yusafir Hala Zainuddin, Rahmaniah