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Tri Joko
Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada
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Analisis implementasi program sanitasi total berbasis masyarakat (STBM) pilar 1 Suryanti, Ratna; Joko, Tri; Darundiati, Yusniar Hanani; Sulistiyani, Sulistiyani; Nurjazuli, Nurjazuli
Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan Vol. 20 No. 2 (2026): Volume 20 Nomor 2
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v20i2.2942

Abstract

Background: Environmental sanitation is a crucial factor influencing public health. However, open defecation (ODS) remains common and has the potential to pollute the environment and increase the risk of environmentally transmitted diseases. The Community-Based Total Sanitation (CTS) program is a government effort to encourage community behavior change through five sanitation pillars, one of which is Stopping Open Defecation (SBS). However, SBS achievement in Muara Wis District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, remains low, and not all villages in the area have achieved SBS status. Purpose: To analyze the implementation of the community-based total sanitation program, pillar 1. Method: This study used an observational, analytical, and cross-sectional design. This study focused on the implementation of STBM Pillar 1, namely bus stops for open defecation prevention, in seven villages (Enggelam, Lebak Cilong, Lebak Mantan, Melintang, Muara Enggelam, and Sebemban) in Muara Wis District, Kutai Kartanegara, from October 2025 to February 2026. A total of 2,944 households in Muara Wis District, with 110 respondents randomly selected using the Slovin formula, were sampled. Data were collected through questionnaires and field observations, then analyzed univariately for frequencies and bivariately using the chi-square test with p < 0.05. Results: Most families had implemented open defecation prevention (71.8%). The bivariate analysis also found a significant relationship between the availability of vacant land (p = 0.001), clean water (p = 0.001), toilets (p = 0.001), and level of knowledge about STBM with open defecation behavior. Meanwhile, attitudes toward the implementation of STBM (Open Defecation-Free Zones) did not show a significant relationship (p = 0.930). Conclusion: The availability of vacant land, clean water, toilets, and the level of information are significantly associated with the practice of open defecation. Efforts to increase access to sanitation facilities, provide clean water, and educate the community about health need to be strengthened to support the successful implementation of Pillar 1 of STBM and achieve sustainable open defecation-free villages. Suggestion: Communities and the government are expected to find alternative solutions to the limited land available for sanitation facilities, such as utilizing appropriate technology in building family toilets, implementing simple air treatment methods both individually and communally, and building healthy toilets that are appropriate to the geographical conditions of the environment.   Keywords: Community-Based Total Sanitation; Environmental Sanitation; Open Defecation.   Pendahuluan: Sanitasi lingkungan merupakan faktor krusial yang memengaruhi tingkat kesehatan masyarakat. Namun, praktik buang air besar sembarangan (BABS) masih sering terjadi dan berpotensi mencemari lingkungan serta meningkatkan risiko penyakit berbasis lingkungan. Program sanitasi total berbasis masyarakat (STBM) merupakan upaya pemerintah untuk mendorong perubahan perilaku masyarakat melalui lima pilar sanitasi, salah satunya stop buang air besar sembarangan (SBS). Namun, capaian SBS di Kecamatan Muara Wis, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara masih rendah dan seluruh desa di wilayah tersebut belum berstatus SBS. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis implementasi program sanitasi total berbasis masyarakat (STBM) pilar 1. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional analitik cross-sectional. Fokus penelitian adalah pelaksanaan STBM Pilar 1 stop buang air besar sembarangan di 7 desa (Enggelam, Lebak Cilong, Lebak Mantan, Melintang, Muara Enggelam, dan Sebemban), Kecamatan Muara Wis, Kutai Kartanegara, pada Oktober 2025 - Februari 2026. Sebanyak 2,944 kepala keluarga di Kecamatan Muara Wis, 110 responden dipilih secara acak dengan rumus Slovin. Demikian pula, data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan observasi lapangan, kemudian dianalisis secara univariat untuk frekuensi dan bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square dengan p < 0.05. Hasil: Mayoritas keluarga telah menerapkan pencegahan buang air besar di tempat terbuka (71.8%). Analisis bivariat juga menemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara ketersediaan lahan kosong (p = 0.001), air bersih (p = 0.001), toilet (p = 0.001), dan tingkat pengetahuan tentang STBM dengan perilaku buang air besar keluarga. Sementara itu, sikap terhadap penerapan STBM tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan (p = 0.930). Simpulan: Faktor ketersediaan lahan kosong, ketersediaan air bersih, ketersediaan jamban, dan tingkat pengetahuan berhubungan signifikan terhadap praktik BABS. Upaya peningkatan akses sarana sanitasi, penyediaan air bersih, serta edukasi kesehatan masyarakat perlu diperkuat untuk mendukung keberhasilan implementasi STBM Pilar 1 dan pencapaian desa stop buang air besar sembarangan secara berkelanjutan. Saran: Masyarakat dan pemerintah diharapkan dapat mencari alternatif solusi atas keterbatasan lahan untuk pembangunan sarana sanitasi, seperti memanfaatkan teknologi tepat guna dalam pembangunan jamban keluarga, melakukan pengolahan air secara sederhana baik secara individu maupun komunal, serta membangun jamban sehat yang sesuai dengan kondisi geografis lingkungan.   Kata Kunci: Buang Air Besar Sembarangan; Sanitasi Lingkungan; Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat (STBM).
Identification of Pathogens Causing Important Diseases in Leatherleaf Fern (Rumohra adiantiformis) and In Vitro Inhibition using Bacillus velezensis B-27 Tsaniyah, Barokati; Joko, Tri; Widiastuti, Ani
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 39, No 2 (2024): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v39i2.83675

Abstract

Leatherleaf fern (Rumohra adiantiformis) is a famous ornamental-leaf plant that has been used by florist entrepreneurs around the world. It is one of the leading export commodities in Indonesia, however, currently, there are some diseases of this leaf reported in the field causing yield loss and reducing the economic value. This study aimed to identify the pathogens causing the recent 3 significant diseases of leatherleaf fern, including leaf blight, leaf tip rot, and post-harvest leaf rot, and in vitro analysis of beneficial bacteria, Bacillus velezensis B-27, against the pathogens. The methods used in this study were isolation, pathogenicity test, morphological observation, molecular identification of pathogens, and poisoned food technique of B. velezensis against those pathogens compared to fungicides and bactericides. The results of molecular identification showed that Neopestalotiopsis sp. and Pantoea ananatis caused leaf blight, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesami triggered leaf tip rot, while Calonectria sp. and P. ananatis contributed to post-harvest leaf rot. Based on in vitro analysis, B. velezensis B-27 reduced the growth of the Neopestalotiopsis sp. DM C with the highest inhibition of 95.6%, Neopestalotiopsis sp. DM B with 84.3%, F. oxysporum f. sp. sesami with 61.9%, Calonectria sp. with 93.4%, and inhibited the growth of P. ananatis by producing a clear zone. This research concludes that B. velezensis B-27 has the potential as a biocontrol against pathogens causing significant diseases in leatherleaf ferns due to its ability to inhibit pathogens and its advantage as a beneficial microbe that is environmentally friendly to support sustainable agriculture.
The Potential of Rhizophagus intraradices, Bacillus thuringiensis Bt BMKP and Silica for Anthracnose Disease Control in Shallot Amallia, Rizky; Suryanti, Suryanti; Joko, Tri
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 38, No 2 (2023): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v38i2.76536

Abstract

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a prevalent disease that poses a significant threat to shallot production in Indonesia. To mitigate this issue, the use of biological agents presents an alternative for disease control, reducing the inherent risks associated with the use of chemical pesticides. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the potentiality and mechanism of the biological agents (Rhizophagus intraradices and Bacillus thuringiensis) combined with silica. These agents were evaluated both individually and in combination to suppress the development of anthracnose in Tajuk variety shallot. The study was conducted in the laboratory and greenhouse, arranged in a completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications. The ability to suppress pathogenic fungi was determined based on in vitro antagonism tests of B. thuringiensis, disease severity, area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers and the percentage of mycorrhizal fungal infections. Furthermore, the mycorrhizal infection on plant roots was observed using staining methods. The results showed that the Bt BMKP isolate was included in the B. thuringiensis strain RC9 group with the capacity to inhibit C. gloeosporioides in vitro by 18.88%. The combination treatment of R. intraradices, B. thuringiensis and silica reduced infection from anthracnose by 15.52% compared with control. These three treatments also significantly increased the agronomic performance of shallot up to six weeks after planting compared to control and other treatments.
Co-Authors - Suhartono Abdullah, Jilan Tsani Achmadi Priyatmojo Adi, Bayu Kusuma Aditya, Vanessa Rizky Agus Bintara Birawida Ahmad Mustapha Mohamad Pazi, Ahmad Mustapha Mohamad Ahmad Zaerozi Amallia, Rizky Ani Widiastuti, Ani Annisa Aulia Nurrohmah Anugrah Febrino Balwa Arif Wibowo Arlyna Budi Pustika Asma Afifah Astorina, Nikie Azmi Umi Anisyah Bariyadi Rifai Bella Arieza Andriyana Bibit Nasrokhatun Diniah BUDI SETIADI DARYONO Budi Waloyo Budiyono Budiyono Burhanuddin Thohir Candra Rulyana Charles foeh Foeh Choirul Luluk Fatimah Cornelius Saryadi Turnip Delima Kurnia Sari Devita Nur Aprilia Dwimartina, Fina Dyah Agustin Catur Putri Edhi Martono Eka Luvita Sari Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra Eko Handoyo Elisa Maharani Elzha Af’idatul Himmah Ernawati, Amanda Luky Farida Sugiester S. Fianti andua Fitria, Ida Hanan Lanang Dangiran Haris Setyaningrum Hariyanti, Fika Harper, Stephen Haryudi Okta Sofiyanto Hidayanty, Healthy Ijaz ul haq Ilma, Hurin Nabila Aghnia Intan Aulia Putri Irawati, Roosdiana Jalaluddin Abdul Malek, Jalaluddin Abdul Jayawarsa, A.A. Ketut Karroghi, Silmi Aziza Kurniasih, Budiastuti Kusnanda, Prima Sekti Latifah, Vida Rahma Lisa Okta Permatasari Maharani, Puti Maulida Khairunnisa McCann, Honour C. Mo, Jianhua Muhammad Addin Rizaldi Muhammad Habibullah Muhammad Nasir Mursid Rahardjo Mursid Raharjo Mustafiroh Kasanah Nabiha, Puteri Inandin Nabilah Nurhidayanti Nabilah Zahra Nasrokhatun Diniah, Bibit Ngazis, Muhammad Niki Astorina Yunita Dewanti Nikie Astorina Yunita Dewanti Nila Himayati Nilna Fasyya Salsabila Noor Zahrotul Muniroh Nur Endah Wahyuningsih Nur Fajria Safarina, Ismi Nurdiyanto, Miftakhul Nurjazuli Nurjazuli Nurjazuli Nurjazuli Nurjazuli Oktavia, Widya Ayu Onny Setiani Pratiwi, Annisa Hasta Purnomo Purnomo Putri, Novi Hervianti Putri, Tiara Amelia Putro, Karso Suryo Qorina Sabila Fa&#039;iza Rachmawati, Novia Noor Raharjo , Mursid Rahman, Muhammad Auliya Rahmi Nur Alifiani Restu Andri Setiyanto Riska Triafryani Putri Rozi, Choirul Ruba, Yohanes Emanuel S. Russeng, Syamsiar Sahiledengle, Biniyam Salahuddin, Nurul Syahriani Santya Nareswari Saraswati, Vivian Thea Sartika, Dian Savitri Rachmawati Septanti, Elza Muthia Shofa Rakhmatika Shrestha, Akina Sinta Nugraheni Dewi Siti Nurkhayati Siti Subandiyah Slamet Wardoyo Soffan, Alan Sudaryadi, Ignatius Suhartono Suhartono Sukri Palutturi SULISTIYANI SULISTIYANI Sundari, Dini Suriah Suriah Suryanti Suryanti, Ratna Susamto Somowiyarjo Tati Suharti Triwidodo Arwiyanto Tsaniyah, Barokati Turnip, Cornelius Saryadi Ulfah Rahmawati Vinidia Pertiwi Wahiduddin Wahiduddin Wakhid Anwar Wardana, Lalu Muhammad Fikri Wibowo, Eko Prasetyo Wisanggeni, Gen Adi Woldesenbet, Biruk Yuni Pradilla Fitri Yusniar Hanani Danudianti Yusniar Hanani Darundiati Yusuf, Adib Fakhruddin