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Journal : International Journal of Public Health Excellence (IJPHE)

The Diagnosis and Management of Bladder Cancer: A Literature Review Ikhwan, Haznur; Dahril; Ismy, Jufriady; Ridha, Muhammad; Mauny, Muhammad Puteh; Khalilullah, Said Alfin; Triyaka, Rendy; Maulana, Reza; Hidayatullah, Furqan
International Journal of Public Health Excellence (IJPHE) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): June-December
Publisher : PT Inovasi Pratama Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55299/ijphe.v4i1.1061

Abstract

Cancer is still one of the health problems around the world. Cancer is an uncontrolled (abnormal) cell division and can invade surrounding tissues and can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymphatic system known as metastasis. This disease is often diagnosed in men aged 50-80 years with an average age of 73 years. Bladder cancer is divided into transitional cell carcinoma (95%), squamous cell carcinoma (3%), adenocarcinoma (2%), and less than 1% small cell tumors (paraneoplastic syndrome). Risk factors for this disease are smoking, exposure to carcinogenic substances, drugs, infection with the parasite Schistosoma haematobium, chronic irritation (stone disease), physical trauma (in the uroepithelial layer), infectious diseases and those that have not been proven to be the cause are coffee, alcohol, saccharin and cyclamate sweeteners. The prognosis of the disease depends on histologic examination to see the stage of the disease and by tissue biopsy. Methods: This paper is based on a literature search of clinical practice guidelines, scientific literature, websites, and textbooks on the topic of bladder cancer. Results and Discussion: Hematuria is the main clinical symptom in addition to other symptoms as a complaint of bladder cancer. The disease is divided into non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Non-invasive and invasive cancer conditions play an important role in the treatment and prognosis of the disease. MIBC is a disease condition with high morbidity and mortality. Conclusion: Cystoscopy followed by biopsy resection is the diagnostic standard followed by anatomic pathology examination (histology and cytology) for definitive diagnosis of the disease. The prognosis will be better if the disease is still at superficial and non-invasive stage (Ta), so that only transurethral tumor resection followed by chemotherapy drugs, intravesical and results will be more satisfactory.
The Diagnosis and Management of Bladder Cancer: A Literature Review Ikhwan, Haznur; Dahril; Ismy, Jufriady; Ridha, Muhammad; Mauny, Muhammad Puteh; Khalilullah, Said Alfin; Triyaka, Rendy; Maulana, Reza; Hidayatullah, Furqan
International Journal of Public Health Excellence (IJPHE) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): June-December
Publisher : PT Inovasi Pratama Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55299/ijphe.v4i1.1061

Abstract

Cancer is still one of the health problems around the world. Cancer is an uncontrolled (abnormal) cell division and can invade surrounding tissues and can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymphatic system known as metastasis. This disease is often diagnosed in men aged 50-80 years with an average age of 73 years. Bladder cancer is divided into transitional cell carcinoma (95%), squamous cell carcinoma (3%), adenocarcinoma (2%), and less than 1% small cell tumors (paraneoplastic syndrome). Risk factors for this disease are smoking, exposure to carcinogenic substances, drugs, infection with the parasite Schistosoma haematobium, chronic irritation (stone disease), physical trauma (in the uroepithelial layer), infectious diseases and those that have not been proven to be the cause are coffee, alcohol, saccharin and cyclamate sweeteners. The prognosis of the disease depends on histologic examination to see the stage of the disease and by tissue biopsy. Methods: This paper is based on a literature search of clinical practice guidelines, scientific literature, websites, and textbooks on the topic of bladder cancer. Results and Discussion: Hematuria is the main clinical symptom in addition to other symptoms as a complaint of bladder cancer. The disease is divided into non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Non-invasive and invasive cancer conditions play an important role in the treatment and prognosis of the disease. MIBC is a disease condition with high morbidity and mortality. Conclusion: Cystoscopy followed by biopsy resection is the diagnostic standard followed by anatomic pathology examination (histology and cytology) for definitive diagnosis of the disease. The prognosis will be better if the disease is still at superficial and non-invasive stage (Ta), so that only transurethral tumor resection followed by chemotherapy drugs, intravesical and results will be more satisfactory.
Co-Authors ., Muhammad Ashabul Kahfi Abdul Malik Setiawan Adika, Dimas Afiandi, Ravi Ahmad Harisb januar Syahidan, Ahmad Harisb januar Ahmad Sidiq Akib, Faisal Alam , Syamsu Ali Mustopa, Ali Amirsyah, Mirnasari ANDIKA, ERICK Ansar, Ince Aprilia, Nyra Nazwa Ari Prasetyo Arisita, Adelia Putri Awaru, Tenri Bambang Riyanto Basir, Abdul Bintang, Inggrid Awanis Budiana, Eko P. Dahril Delfiana, Delfiana Deris Stiawan Desmawan, Deris Devi, Helena Deykha Aguilika Diana Apriyanti, Diana Diana Rachmawati Dwi Kurniawati, Dwi Eka, Aditya Ekasafitri, Nurjannah Elfrida Ratnawati Elrohi Soen, Gabriel Irfon Enitan, Seyi Samson Fadliansyah, Fauzi Fahmi, Akhmam Fardhy Wiharjo, Fardhy Farikhah, Izzah Fatin, Nadiyah Fauziyah, Asiyah Nurul Fimansyah, Yoki Firmansyah, Arrizal firmansyah, Yoki Fitri, Aisah Furqan Hidayatullah Ginanjar, Rubi Hanantyo, Burhanuddin Hasanah, Siti Nuri Alya Heru Setiawan Hudzaifah, Ahmad Hutajulu, Jovan Marito Nathaniel Ibrahim, Firmansyah Ikhwan, Haznur Ismail, Iriana Ismy, Jufriady Jimi, Romuanus Kamilia, Afina Kause, Migdes Christianto Khairunisa, Alamanda Khalilullah, Said Alfin Krissetia, Michael Lisnawanty Lisnawanty Lukman Hakim, Dori Maesaroh, Syti Sarah Masitha Arsyati, Asri Masyhur, Zulkarnaim Maulana, Farid Mauliana Mauliana, Mauliana Mauny, Muhammad Puteh Mohammad Kamal Reza Mubarak, Fawwaz Mudatsir Mudatsir Muhammad Ridha Muhammad Sony Maulana Mukarto Siswoyo Müller, Ruth Nabarian, Tifanny Naffi, Ilham Nasution, Muhammad Nashir Nita Sari, Nita Nur Inayah Nur Indah, Araya Nur Wahyuniati, Nur Nurhayatii, Siti Nuurussa'aadah, Fathimah Oktaviani, Anna Maria Pancasakti, Ranthy Prabowoputra, Dandun M. Pratama Zurmauliriansyah, Rifzki Pratiwi, Dwi Annisa Setya Purnomo Budi Santoso Purwaningtias, Deasy Rahman Rahmat Budiarto Ramadana, Rizki R. Ramdani, Muhammad Asnur Reni Reni, Reni Risdiansyah, Deni Riyanto Riyanto Rizli, Irma Romansah, Repo Agung Rosmiati, Mia Rovianto, Eki S Gassing, Al Fadli Ramdani Safitri Linawati Said A. Khalilullah Samsul Anwar Sari, Sasa Marita Selan, Yefris A. Septiani, Sella Septiyanto, Muhamad D. Sirinam, Salin siti rodiah Sunbanu, Halani F. Sutrisno Anggoro SYAFAR, A. MUHAMMAD Syah, Herwan SYAMSU ALAM Syamsul Hadi Syamsul Rizal Tampubolon, Desi Putri Te, Haypheng Triyaka, Rendy Utomo, Prattama S. Vernanda, Wili Bordeus Veta Lidya Delimah Pasaribu Vito, Yulius Kristoforus W, Herlina Putri Wahyu Lestari Waraztuty, Ika Welly Wihayati, Welly Wiyono, Bambang Harie Yufika, Amanda Zefry Darmawan