Claim Missing Document
Check
Articles

Found 7 Documents
Search
Journal : INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY

The Properties of Brown Marine Algae Sargassum turbinarioides and Sargassum ilicifolium Collected From Yogyakarta, Indonesia Artemisia, Rahma; Nugroho, Akhmad Kharis; Setyowati, Erna Prawita; Martien, Ronny
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 30 No 1, 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1101.433 KB) | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjpharm30iss1pp43

Abstract

Brown marine algae are the prominent source of marine natural products that have bioactive metabolites. Sargassum turbinarioides and Sargassum ilicifolium were dominated in Indonesia as brown marine algae that well known as a source of fucoidan. The samples were collected from Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In this study, we investigated and identified the yield of aqueous crude and purified extracts using different extraction temperatures (60°C, 70°C, 80°C, 90 °C). The highest yield of S. turbinarioides crude extract (7.36%) was obtained at temperatures 90 and 80 °C while the highest yield of S. ilicifolium was 3.49 % at 80 °C. The presence of sulfate polysaccharide in Sargassum turbinarioides is 3,78 % and Sargassum ilicifolium is 2,93 %. Each of the extract was screened using phytochemical detection, Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. The phytochemical detection indicated that Sargassum ilicifolium has bioactive metabolites such as carbohydrates, proteins and amino acids, terpenoid, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. The FTIR spectrum of the S. turbinarioides and Sargassum ilicifolium extract refer to the presence of ester sulfate groups through showing  peaks at 1300 to 1200 cm-1 and 980 to 950 cm-1. The result indicated that Sargassum turbinarioides and Sargassum ilicifolium contain of sulfate polysaccharide were prospect a biological activities to use for the development of marine nutraceutical drugs especially as antioxidant.
Application of Simplex Lattice Design on the Optimization of Andrographolide Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) Indrati, Oktavia; Martien, Ronny; Rohman, Abdul; Nugroho, Akhmad Kharis
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 31 No 2, 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjpharm31iss2pp124

Abstract

Background: Optimization of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) formulation is an important step to obtain optimal formulation with desired characteristics.Objective: This present study was aimed to utilize simplex lattice design in optimizing andrographolide SNEDDS.Method: Simplex lattice design was employed to optimize andrographolide SNEDDS in which component of SNEDDS was selected as the independent factor while the charactheristics of SNEDDS was used as the responses. Capryol-90, Kolliphor RH 40, and propylene glycol were selected as the oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant, respectively. Optimization of andrographolide SNEDDS formulation was based on their characteristics including emulsification time, droplet size, and drug content. The optimized SNEDDS formulation was evaluated for emulsification time, droplet size, drug content, and zeta potensial.Results: The emulsification time, droplet size, drug content, and zeta potensial of the optimized andrographolide SNEDDS was found to be 1.21±0.03 min, 44.02±0.67 nm, 6.69±0.08 mg/g, and -40.63±0.76 mV, respectively.Conclusion: This result suggested that simplex lattice design is a suitable for efficiently optimizing the formulation of andrographolide SNEDDS.
Population-Based Approach to Analyze Sparse Sampling Data in Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics using Monolix and NONMEM Akhmad Kharis Nugroho; Arief Rahman Hakim; Lukman Hakim
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 28 No 4, 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1378.459 KB) | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjpharm28iss4pp205

Abstract

Although it has been developed since 1972, the implementation of a population-based modeling approach in Indonesia, particularly to analyze biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics data is still very limited. This study was aimed to evaluate the performance of Monolix and NONMEM, two of the popular software packages in a population-based modeling approach, to analyze the limited data (sparse sampling data) of the time profiles of the simulated plasma drug concentration of a theoretical compound. and NONMEM were used to model the limited data (40 data points) as a results of the random selection from the 180 point data of simulated plasma drug concentration (Cp) on 20 subjects at 0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1; 1.5; 3; 6; 12 and 18 hours after per-oral administration of a 100mg of a theoretical compound. Population values of the absorption rate constant (Ka), the elimination rate constant (Kel) and volume of distribution (Vd) were compared to the average Ka, Kel and Vd obtained by the conventional method (two stage approach) using PKSolver on the Cp data of all subjects. The calculation system of a nonlinear mixed effect model in Monolix and NONMEM, successfully describes the sparse data, based on the visual evaluation of the goodness of fit. Comparison of parameter estimates of population values in Monolix and NONMEM are in the range of 94 to 108% of the real values of the rich data analysed by PKSolver. A population-based modeling can adequately analyze limited or sparse data, demonstrating its capability as an important tool in clinical studies, involving patients.
IN VITRO RELEASE MODELING OF ASPIRIN FLOATING TABLETS USING DDSOLVER Agus Siswanto; Achmad Fudholi; Akhmad Kharis Nugroho; Sudibyo Martono
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 26 No 2, 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (939.4 KB) | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjpharm26iss2pp94

Abstract

Aspirin has low solubility in water therefore, dissolution is a rate limiting step for absorption. Floating tablet formulation is designed to improve the bioavailability of aspirin. The objective of this study was to determine in vitro dissolution study of aspirin floating tablet release kinetics model. The floating tablets were prepared by a direct compression method using Methocel K4M CR, NaHCO3, Ethocel, Aerosil, and dicalcium phospate anhydrous as excipients. Tablets were evaluated by different parameters such as physicochemical properties, floating lag time (Flag time), total floating time, and dissolution. The result showed that the tablet mass has good flow properties of 13.54 g/sec. Aspirin floating tablets had a weight uniformity (CV=1.45%), good hardness (6.42kg), and low friability (0.158%). The tablet has a short Flag time of 25.16 sec and long floating time of 8 hours. Dissolution data were evaluated using DDSolver conducted by (1) Statistical parameters: R2adjusted, AIC, MSC; (2) Visual goodness of fit (GOF). The results showed that aspirin floating tablets release kinetics followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Aspirin release occurs through the mechanism of anomalous transport which combines Fickian diffusion and polymer relaxation.Key words: aspirin floating tablet, DDSolver, modeling of drug release
Feasibility of transdermal transport of atenolol by combination of iontophoresis and oleic acid pretreatment Akhmad Kharis Nugroho; Arief Rahman Hakim; Marlyn Dian Laksitorini; Fajar Rakhmatullah; Eny Masruriati
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 22 No 1, 2011
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (400.814 KB) | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjpharm0iss0pp65-72

Abstract

Atenolol  has  a  low  oral  bioavailability  and  a  short  elimination  half-life. Therefore,  alternative  route  and  delivery  system  is  important.  Transdermal iontophoresis,  i.e.  a  systemic  drug  delivery  via  the  skin,  implementing  a  low intensity  of  electrical  current,  is  one  attractive  candidate.  This  study  evalu ated feasibility  of  atenolol  transdermal  transport  when  iontophoresis  is  applied  after enhancer  pretreatment.  There  were  4  formulas  prepared;  2  implemented iontophoresis  for  3  hours  (current  density:  0.25  mA/cm2)  while  the  others  did not  use  iontophoresis.  The  enhancer  was  oleic  acid  (5  or  10%  as  a  mixture  in propylene  glycol)  with  duration  of  pretreatment  of  one  hour.  Transport  was evaluated  in  the  diffusion  studies  across  the  fresh  rat  skin  in  a  static-vertical diffusion system. Data were analyzed based on the numeric convolution method to  obtain  simulated  Cp  profiles  as  well  as  AUC  of  Cp  profiles.  Based  on  the simulated Cp, the best transport was achieved in Formula 3, where iontophoresis is  performed  across  the  skin,  pretreated  with  5%  oleic  acid  for  one   hour.  The value  of  simulated  Cp  indicated  achievement  of  therapeutics  level  of  atenolol, suggesting the feasibility of the atenolol delivery by iontophoresis.Key words : atenolol, transdermal, iontophoresis, enhancer
The influence of oleic acid-propylene glycol mixture and iontophoresis to propranolol transdermal transport Lucia Hendriati; Akhmad Kharis Nugroho
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 20 No 4, 2009
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (192.546 KB) | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjpharm0iss0pp217-223

Abstract

Propranolol has an intensive first pass metabolism, resulted in a low oral bioavailability. One alternative to circumvent such problem is the delivery by transdermal route. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of oleic acid 10 % (in propylene glycol 20 %) as enhancer, with and without iontophoresis, on transdermal transport of propranolol. Propranolol delivery was examined based on the in vitro transport studies across the rat skin (after hair removal) in a vertical diffusion cells system. Skin was pretreated with the mixture of oleic acid 10 % (in propylene glycol 20 %) for 3 hours. Iontophoresis was performed at a current density of 0.25 mA/cm2 for 3 hours. Donor compartment was filled with propranolol solution (5 mg/mL in citric buffer pH 5), while the acceptor phase was filled with phosphate buffer saline at pH 7.4. The results indicate that the enhancement methods increase the transdermal penetration of propranolol (p<0.05). The flux without any enhancement methods was 13.16 ± 0.79 mg/cm2/hour. The flux with either oleic acid-propylene glycol pretreatment, iontophoresis or combination of both were 28.75 ± 3.04 mg/cm2/hour, 40.47 ± 5.78 mg/cm2/hour, and 85.42 ± 16.94 mg/cm2/hour respectively. Based on mathematics calculation, if an iontophoretic patch of 12 cm2 is used after skin pretreatment with oleic acid - propylene glycol mixture, the steady state plasma concentration of propranolol could reach 24.65 mg/mL. Therefore, therapeutic level might be achieved. This indicated a promising future of transdermal delivery of propranolol.Key words : propranolol, transdermal, enhancer
The capability of Several Population-based Approach Software to Analyze Sparse Drug Plasma Concentration Data after Intra-Venous Bolus Injection Akhmad Kharis Nugroho; Lukman Hakim
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 30 No 4, 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (957.346 KB) | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjpharm30iss4pp293

Abstract

Monolix, NONMEM, and WinBUGS-PKBUGS are among available software package for population-based modeling. The sparse condition of drug plasma concentration versus time (Cp-time) data is prevalent in clinically based studies involving patients. It is not ethical in this case, to collect a many and large volumes of blood samples. This study was aimed to simulate the capability of Monolix, NONMEM, and WinBUGS-PKBUGS to analyze very sparse Cp-time data after an intravenous bolus drug administration and to estimate the minimum number of Cp-time data required for an adequate analysis. Data of Cp-time were obtained based on simulation using the pharmacokinetic one-compartment open model following an intravenous bolus administration of 50 mg of a hypothetical drug. In this respect, six random values of k (rate constant of elimination) and Vd (volume of distribution) with mean and standard deviation values of 0.3 ±0.1 per hour and 30 ± 10 L, respectively, were used to create simulated Cp-time data of 6 subjects. Simulated Cp-time data in each subject were randomly ranked to choose data based on the intended number of samples in each subject. Several sparse Cp-time data scenarios, starting from a very limited state, i.e., with a total of 6 Cp-time data (1 datum per subject) to a rich situation with 48 Cp data (8 data per subject), were examined.The goodness of fit evaluations, as well as the similarity of individual values of k and Vd to the respective real values  (p>0.05), indicate that nonlinear-mixed-effect-model using Monolix, NONMEM and WinBUGS-PKBUGS can appropriately describe sparse Cp-time data even with only 2 data per subject. This fact is an important finding to support the demand of analytical tool for a limited number of Cp-time data such as obtained in therapeutic drug monitoring event.
Co-Authors Achmad Fudholi Achmad Fudholi Achmad Fudholi Achmad Fudholi Achmad Fudholi Achmad Fudholi ACHMAD FUDHOLI Agatha Budi Susiana Lestari Agung Endro Nugroho Agus Siswanto Agus Siswanto Agus Siswanto Agus Siswanto Ahmad Hamim Sadewa Amalia, Dita Annas Binardjo Annas Binarjo Annisa, Viviane Ardian Dewangga Arief Rahman Hakim Artemisia, Rahma Beti Pudyastuti BUDIPRATIWI WISUDYA NINGSIH Chandra Saputra Citrariana, Shesanthi Defilia Anograh Riani Diyah Fatmasari Eka Indra Setyawan Elisa Issusilaningtyas Endang Lukitaningsih Endang Lukitaningsih Endang Lukitaningsih Endang Lukitaningsih Eny Masruriati Erna Prawita Setyowati ERNA PRAWITA SETYOWATI Erna Prawita Setyowati Fajar Rakhmatullah Fransiska Lisa Anindya Putri Harsanti, Dian Dwi Harsanti, Dian Dwi Ika Dewi Ana Ika Puspitasari Isdwiani, Renita Isdwiani, Renita Iwan Dwi Prahasto Iwan Dwi Prahasto Lina Widyastuti Lucia Hendriati Lukman Hakim Lukman Hakim Lukman Hakim Lutfan Lazuardi Marchaban Marchaban Marchaban Marchaban, Marchaban Marlyn Dian Laksitorini Marlyn Dian Laksitorini, Marlyn Dian Martien, Ronny Muhammad Novrizal Abdi Sahid Murhayanti, Rika Mustofa Mustofa Nanda Dwi Akbar Nindya - Kusumorini Novi Hastuti NURI ARI EFIANA Nuri Ari Efiana Nuryanti Nuryanti Nuryanti Nuryanti Oktavia Eka Puspita, Oktavia Eka Oktavia Indrati, Oktavia Pawestri, Sekar Ayu Pinandi Sri Pudyani Purwantiningsih Purwantiningsih Purwantiningsih Puspa Dwi Pratiwi Respati, Anindita Kresna Respati, Anindita Kresna Rika Murhayanti Rima Yulia Senja, Rima Yulia Rohman, Abdul Ronny - Martien Ronny Martien Ronny Martien RONNY MARTIEN Ropiqa, Meri Rosyida, Niswati Fathmah Sekar Ayu Pawestri Sekar Ayu Pawestri Sisca Devi Sisca Devi Siti Fatmawati Fatimah, Siti Fatmawati Sudibyo Martono Sudibyo Martono Sudibyo Martono Sudibyo Martono SUDIBYO MARTONO Sudibyo Martono Sunarto Ang Supraptiyah, Cicilia Supraptiyah, Cicilia Suwaldi . SUWALDI SUWALDI Suwarto, Tiekha Kencanasari Suwarto, Tiekha Kencanasari Suwijiyo - Pramono Teguh Ariyanto Teuku Nanda Saifullah, Teuku Nanda W. Widjijono Yahya Febrianto Yosi Bayu Murti