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Implementation of Enhanced Milieu Teaching Intervention on the Communication of Children with Autism Rachmasari, Finy; Wulandari, Primatia Yogi
Psikoborneo: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Vol 12, No 2 (2024): Psikoborneo: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi
Publisher : Program Studi Psikologi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/psikoborneo.v12i2.14704

Abstract

Communication is a crucial skill for every individual and needs to be developed from a young age. Communication facilitates learning and sharing of knowledge and experiences among individuals. For children, communication skills play a significant role in shaping their future behaviors and attitudes. Especially for children with autism, the ability to communicate is essential for fostering independence and participation in daily activities. This research aims to assist in developing communication skills in children with autism by enhancing various language aspects. The subject of this study is a four-year-old boy diagnosed with autism. The research adopts a single-case experimental design with an A-B-A structure, consisting of baseline 1, intervention, and baseline 2 phases. The intervention applied in this study is Enhanced Milieu Teaching (EMT). The research process began with establishing baseline 1 through data collection methods such as interviews, the administration of the VSMS psychological test, and observations (narrative observations in daily life and language milestones). Subsequently, the EMT intervention was implemented over nine sessions, with each session comprising two EMT treatment procedures. Following the completion of the intervention, baseline 2 was established through daily life observations of the subject during communication. The research results indicate an improvement in communication skills in children with autism through the Enhanced Milieu Teaching (EMT) intervention.Komunikasi merupakan kemampuan yang penting dimiliki oleh setiap individu dan perlu dikembangkan sejak usia kanak-kanak. Hal ini mengingat melalui komunikasi akan membantu antar individu saling belajar dan berbagi pengetahuan serta pengalaman, terutama bagi anak kemampuan komunikasi ini menjadi aspek yang penting mengingat kemampuan komunikasi sebagai salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi pembentukan sifat dan sikap anak di masa mendatang. Demikian juga pada anak dengan autisme, kemampuan komunikasi juga menjadi hal yang penting untuk dikembangkan karena akan membantu mempengaruhi kemandirian anak untuk berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membantu mengembangkan kemampuan komunikasi pada anak autisme dengan meningkatkan aspek-aspek berbahasa. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah seorang anak laki-laki berusia empat tahun yang terdiagnosa mengalami autisme. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan single case experimental dengan desain A-B-A yang terdiri dari baseline 1, intervensi, dan baseline 2. Intervensi yang diterapkan pada subjek adalah enhanced milieu teaching (EMT). Intervensi diawali dengan menggali baseline 1 melalui pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, administrasi tes psikologi VSMS, serta observasi (naratif di keseharian dan milestone bahasa). Kemudian diterapkan intervensi enhanced milieu teaching (EMT) selama sembilan sesi dengan setiap sesi terdiri atas dua kali perlakuan prosedur EMT. Setelah intervensi selesai diberikan dilakukan penggalian baseline 2 melalui observasi keseharian subjek selama berkomunikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi pada anak dengan autisme melalui intervensi enhanced milieu teaching (EMT).
Overview of Digital Literacy in Parents with Children Who Have Online Resilience Dzakiah, Laubna; Wulandari, Primatia Yogi; Cahyono, Rudy
Psikoborneo: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Vol 12, No 2 (2024): Psikoborneo: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi
Publisher : Program Studi Psikologi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/psikoborneo.v12i2.14100

Abstract

The digital revolution has attracted digitally native children to become more actively involved as users. The role of parents in this context is crucial to assist children in facing and countering the various risks encountered in this digital world. Children, however, are vulnerable to psychological problems that may arise if digital risks are not properly anticipated. Several research papers prove that mentoring and assistance can help children to develop higher digital resilience. The main prerequisite for effective and proper assistance to children is a strong foundation of digital literacy. The study serves to provide an overview of digital literacy in parents with children who exhibit online resilience. This study employs a qualitative approach primarily using case studies. Data analysis was conducted using an interactive model technique. Research participants were gradually selected using a Google Form in an online selection process, aimed at parents with one or more children aged 6-12 years. Five participants were selected to become the subjects of this study. Data was collected through online interviews. The findings of this study indicate the strength of parent’s digital literacy in each aspect of skills. Characteristics of basic literacy skills influence the practice of mediation to children’s digital activity.Revolusi dunia digital telah menarik anak-anak digital native untuk terlibat semakin aktif sebagai penggunanya. Peran orangtua dalam kondisi ini menjadi krusial untuk mendampingi anak menghadapi dan menangkal pelbagai risiko yang ditemui di dunia digital. Anak-anak bagaimanapun memiliki kerentanan terhadap persoalan psikologis yang setiap saat dapat muncul apabila risiko digital tidak diantisipasi dengan baik. Beberapa publikasi penelitian membuktikan bahwa pendampingan yang tepat dapat membantu anak-anak mengembangkan resiliensi daring yang lebih tinggi. Syarat utama untuk melakukan pendampingan yang tepat pada anak adalah penguasaan literasi digital yang baik. Terkait hal itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang literasi digital yang dimiliki orang tua dengan anak yang memiliki resiliensi daring. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik model interaktif. Partisipan penelitian diperoleh secara bertahap melalui proses seleksi daring dengan Google Form kepada orangtua yang memiliki anak berusia 6-12 tahun dan diperoleh 5 partisipan yang menjadi subjek utama penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kekuatan literasi digital orang tua pada masing-masing aspek keterampilan literasi digital. Karakteristik literasi digital orang tua memengaruhi strategi pendampingan aktivitas digital anak.
PENGEMBANGAN KETERAMPILAN GURU DALAM MENGIDENTIFIKASI KARAKTERISTIK DAN GAYA BELAJAR SISWA UNTUK MENDESAIN INSTRUKSI PEMBELAJARAN Cahyono, Rudi; Hendriani, Wiwin; Wulandari, Primatia Yogi
Jurnal Abdi Insani Vol 11 No 1 (2024): Jurnal Abdi Insani
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/abdiinsani.v11i1.1455

Abstract

Teachers have a very crucial role in the success of learning in schools. The reality that often occurs in the field is that the main problem faced by teachers is their low ability to facilitate learning that suits students’ characteristics and learning styles. Most teachers do not know how to identify students’ characteristics and learning styles, and use these uniqueness to create or adjust learning designs. This was also experienced by the Miftahul Hikmah Sidoarjo Flagship School. Based on these needs, this community service activity is aimed at providing training to develop teacher skills in identifying and using students’ characteristics and learning styles to design or adapt instructional learning designs. The methods used in this program are focus group discussions, training and mentoring. Participants in this program were 20 teachers from the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Miftahul Hikmah Sidoarjo as a prototype. This activity will be continued in several elementary schools/madrasahs in Sidoarjo Regency. The result of this activity was an increase in teachers’ ability to identify students’ characteristics and learning styles using The Multiple Intelligence, Myer-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and Learning Style approaches. Meanwhile, to identify learning styles using visual, auditory and kinesthetic concepts. Apart from identifying individual students, teachers could also identify the characteristics and learning styles of classes (group of students). In addition, participats could adjust teaching modules based on student characteristics and learning styles. Teachers could identify components of teaching modules that could be adjusted based on the results of identifying students’ characteristics and learning styles, as well as being able to adapt teaching modules.
Maternal Parenting Style and Depression in Adolescents with Divorced Parents: The Mediating Roles of Cognitive Triad and Emotion Regulation Difficulties Dianovinina, Ktut; Surjaningrum, Endang Retno; Wulandari, Primatia Yogi
Journal of Educational, Health and Community Psychology VOL 14 NO 4 DECEMBER 2025
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/jehcp.vi.31450

Abstract

Parental divorce is one of the factors that influences depression in adolescents. It is necessary to examine the mechanisms that cause depression in adolescents from divorced families. Several studies have examined the impact of negative parenting on adolescent depression through cognitive factors and emotional regulation. However, none have investigated both factors simultaneously. This study addressed this research gap by examining the influence of maternal rejection and maternal psychological control on depression in adolescents from divorced family through the cognitive triad and emotional regulation difficulties. Respondents in this study were 227 adolescents, both boys and girls, aged 12-19 years, who had experienced their parents' divorce, and lived with their mothers. Respondents completed the Children’s Depression Inventory, Psychological Control Scale-Youth Self Report, Children-Parenting Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire, Cognitive Triad Inventory-Children, and Difficulties Emotion Regulation Scale. Multivariate path analysis was used to examine the relationships between the study variables. The structural model demonstrated an adequate fit, χ²(df=2)=5.298, p=0.071, CFI=0.994, TLI=0.968, RMSEA=0.084 (90% CI [0.00, 0.18]), and SRMR=0.041. Maternal rejection was found to influence depression primarily indirectly through the cognitive triad (β_ind=0.215, 95%CI [0.15, 0.28]), whereas maternal psychological control was indirectly associated with depression via emotion regulation difficulties (β_ind=0.08, 95%CI [0.04, 0.12]). The model accounted for 60.5% of the variance in depression. These findings underscore the importance of cognitive-based interventions in the context of maternal rejection and emotion regulation training in the context of maternal psychological control.The findings of this study can help develop intervention programs for adolescents and parents in the context of divorced families and various related parties. This study offers findings that can be implemented in future studies.
The Role of Self-Esteem in Predicting Parent-Child Relationships and Students' Emotion Regulation: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach Muntamah, Bening Siti; Wulandari, Primatia Yogi; Suminar, Dewi Retno; Pratama, Muhammad Fikri; Ulwiyyyah
Psympathic : Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): PSYMPATHIC
Publisher : Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/psy.v12i2.44457

Abstract

Adolescents with risky behaviors often struggle to regulate their emotions adaptively. Emotion regulation is essential for helping adolescents evaluate and respond to emotional situations in a healthy manner. Parent-child relationships and self-esteem have been found to influence these regulation abilities. This study aimed to examine whether self-esteem mediates the relationship between adolescents’ perceptions of parent-child relationships and their use of emotion regulation strategies. This quantitative research involved 214 junior high school students identified with tendencies toward risky behavior, using a cross-sectional design and convenience sampling. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with IBM AMOS 24. The results showed that self-esteem partially and fully mediated the relationship between parent-child relationships and emotion regulation strategies, including Cognitive Reappraisal and Expressive Suppression. These findings highlight the significance of enhancing family-based interventions and fostering adolescent self-esteem to support effective emotion regulation, particularly for those at risk of maladaptive behavior.
Psikoedukasi Digital Parenting untuk Orangtua yang Memiliki Anak dan Remaja Pengguna Internet Primatia Yogi Wulandari; Triana Kesuma Dewi
Plakat : Jurnal Pelayanan Kepada Masyarakat Vol 6, No 1 (2024): Plakat: Jurnal Pelayanan Kepada Masyarakat
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/plakat.v6i1.14467

Abstract

Nowadays, technology and the Internet have become the primary needs of every human, including children and adolescents. However, internet excessive use can potentially lead to negative developments such as addiction. On the other side, internet use is closely linked to parenting practice at home. Thus, this community service activity aims to increase parents' understanding of Digital Parenting in accompanying their children in the developmental stages of childhood and adolescence. The methods are case presentations, interactive lectures, audiovisual, practices, group discussions, case analysis, and role-playing. This community service activity was carried out on September 16th, 2023, with Seri Mini Sharing Psychology (SMSP) Yogyakarta, a community that has a mission in social, charity, and community culture sectors. The results showed an improvement in parental understanding of Digital Parenting, which indicated an increasing score between the pre-test and post-test by 82% of participants. It can be concluded that this digital parenting psycho-education activity can be one of the solutions for parents to accompany their children when using the Internet.Teknologi dan internet merupakan kebutuhan utama bagi setiap individu saat ini, termasuk juga anak dan remaja, meskipun demikian penggunaan yang berlebihan dapat berpotensi terjadinya perkembangan yang negatif seperti adiksi atau kecanduan. Di sisi lain, penggunaan internet erat kaitannya dengan pengasuhan dan pendampingan orangtua di rumah. Dengan demikian, tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman orangtua tentang pengasuhan Digital Parenting dalam mendampingi putra putrinya yang berada pada tahapan perkembangan anak dan remaja. Metode kegiatannya meliputi pemaparan kasus, ceramah interaktif, audiovisual, praktik, diskusi kelompok, analisis kasus, dan bermain peran. Pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan pada tanggal 16 September 2023 bersama mitra Seri Mini Sharing Psikologi (SMSP) Yogyakarta yang merupakan komunitas yang bergerak di bidang sosial, amal, dan budaya masyarakat. Hasil menunjukkan terjadinya peningkatan pemahaman pada orangtua, yang ditunjukkan adanya peningkatan nilai antara pre-test dan post-test yang dialami 82% peserta. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan psikoedukasi Digital Parenting dapat menjadi salah satu solusi bagi orangtua dalam mendampingi anak dan remajanya saat menggunakan internet.
PELATIHAN MEMBANGUN RELASI POSITIF UNTUK MENGELOLA STRESS KERJA PADA GURU SD DI KABUPATEN SIDOARJO Rudi Cahyono; Yokebeth Patria Senadi; Anggita Aryo Putri; Fathaniah Ghaisani Aksan Putri; Prima Manggala Iskandar; Sucipto; Kanina Hitasukha; Virgiata Adzani Susanto; Heaven Angel; Wiwin Hendriani; Primatia Yogi Wulandari
Jurnal Abdi Insani Vol 13 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Abdi Insani
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/abdiinsani.v13i2.3561

Abstract

Guru merupakan ujung tombak untuk keberhasilan pendidikan. Guru diharuskan memiliki kompetensi pedagogi, kompetensi sosial, kompetensi kepribadian, dan kompetensi profesional. Jika guru tidak memenuhi kompetensi tersebut, maka guru berkewajiban untuk melakukan upaya pengembangan diri. Dengan kata lain, guru dituntut untuk memiliki kemampuan mengajar, memfasilitasi proses belajar siswa, memiliki pribadi yang mengayomi, dan menjalin relasi yang baik dengan rekan kerja sesama guru, tenaga administrasi, jajaran manajemen sekolah, serta orang tua atau wali siswa. Berbagai kewajiban ini merupakan sumber stres bagi guru. Jenjang pendidikan yang memberikan tekanan paling tinggi adalah pada pendidikan dasar. Para guru sekolah dasar diberikan tugas untuk melanjutkan pembentukan diri siswa dari pendidikan usia dini sekaligus mendapatkan tuntutan untuk membuat fondasi bagi anak untuk siap belajar menggunakan operasi kognitif yang lebih kompleks (high order thinking). Usaha yang paling mungkin dilakukan oleh guru adalah dengan melakukan perubahan diri dan relasi di lingkungan kerja. Berdasarkan persoalan tersebut, solusi yang ditawarkan adalah Pelatihan Membangun Relasi Positif untuk Mengelola Stress Kerja pada Guru SD di Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Dengan mengikuti pelatihan ini, para guru diharapkan akan dapat membangun pribadi yang kuat dalam mengelola tekanan, serta mampu membangun relasi positif dengan rekan kerja, yang dapat berdampak pada pembentukan lingkungan kerja yang suportif. Pelatihan dilakukan dengan pendekatan ABC Model dan latihan pernapasan relaksasi. Partisipan dalam pelatihan ini terdiri dari 12 guru. Hasil uji paired-sample T-Test menunjukkan nilai t = -5,64 dengan signifikansi p < 0,001, yang berarti program pelatihan efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pengelolaan stres.
Adolescent Future Orientation in Non-Formal Educational Settings: A Preliminary Study of Santri in Pesantren Salafiyah Dwi Nur Rachmah; Wiwin Hendriani; Primatia Yogi Wulandari
G-Couns: Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Vol. 10 No. 04 (2026): October 2026, G-Couns: Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31316/g-couns.v10i04.9446

Abstract

Adolescent future orientation plays a crucial role in educational engagement, goal setting, and preparation for adulthood. Although future orientation has been extensively researched among adolescents in formal schools, research on this construct among students in Salafiyah Islamic boarding schools, as a representation of religion-based non-formal education, remains very limited. Addressing this gap is important for understanding how adolescents in alternative educational settings construct future aspirations and plans. This preliminary study employed a mixed-method descriptive exploratory design. Data were collected from 44 santri using questionnaires comprising closed- and open-ended questions. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative responses were examined through thematic analysis. Findings show that (1) 97.8% of students often think about the future and consider education and family/community environment to affect their future; (2) career aspirations are dominated by entrepreneurs (36.4%), teachers (20.4%), and religious professions (13.6%); (3) thematic analysis yields five main themes: conceptualization of the future, future goals, outlook on the future, preparation strategies, and influencing factors. Even though they study outside the formal system, students actively build future aspirations and demonstrate directed educational planning, so it is important to integrate future-oriented pedagogical practices, career guidance, and goal-setting activities in non-formal educational institutions. Keywords: adolescent future orientation, educational aspirations, islamic boarding schools, non-formal education, preliminary study
Improving the Ability to Wear Socks in Autistic Children Through Behavior Modification Interventions Lysandra Hutomo; Primatia Yogi Wulandari
Psikostudia : Jurnal Psikologi Vol 12, No 1 (2023): Psikostudia : Jurnal Psikologi
Publisher : Program Studi Psikologi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/psikostudia.v12i1.9332

Abstract

Self-care, cleaning, dressing, and eating skills are the basic skills needed by autistic individuals to achieve independence and improve the quality of life. Apart from focusing on improving certain behaviors, interventions for autistic children also have an impact on stress disorders for both autistic children and their families. This study aims to improve the ability to wear socks in autistic children through behavior modification interventions. The subject of this study was a six-year-old boy who was diagnosed with autism. This type of research used Single Subject Research (SSR) with an A-B-A design consisting of baseline 1, intervention, and baseline 2. The techniques of behavior modification intervention used were forward chaining, prompting, and positive reinforcement. The intervention lasted for nine sessions with five trials in each session. The intervention began with two baseline 1 sessions, five intervention sessions, and ended with two baseline 2 sessions. The results showed an increase in the ability to wear socks independently in autistic children through behavior modification interventions. Keterampilan perawatan diri, kebersihan, berpakaian dan makan merupakan seperangkat keterampilan dasar yang dibutuhkan individu autisme untuk mencapai kemandirian dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup. Selain berfokus pada peningkatan perilaku tertentu, intervensi pada anak autis pun berdampak pada pengurangan stress baik bagi anak autis hingga keluarganya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan memakai kaos kaki pada anak autis melalui intervensi modifikasi perilaku. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah seorang anak laki-laki berusia enam tahun yang didiagnosis autis. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan Single Subject Research (SSR) dengan desain A-B-A yang terdiri dari baseline 1, intervensi, dan baseline 2. Teknik dari intervensi modifikasi perilaku yang digunakan adalah forward chaining, prompting, dan positive reinforcement. Intervensi berlangsung selama sembilan sesi dengan lima kali percobaan di setiap sesinya. Intervensi diawali dengan dua sesi baseline 1, lima sesi intervensi, dan diakhiri dengan dua sesi baseline 2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan memakai kaos kaki secara mandiri pada anak autis melalui intervensi modifikasi perilaku.
Problem Solving Skill Training to Reduce Disruptive Behavior and Problems with Peers in Adolescent with Oppositional Defiant Disorder Galuh Mawarani; Primatia Yogi Wulandari
Psikostudia : Jurnal Psikologi Vol 13, No 1 (2024): Psikostudia : Jurnal Psikologi
Publisher : Program Studi Psikologi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/psikostudia.v13i1.14124

Abstract

Adolescence is a critical stage in the development of psychological issues. One common psychological condition among children and adolescents is oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of anger or easily deviated mood, argumentative or defiant behavior, and a tendency to disrupt others around them, including adults and other authorities. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of problem-solving skills training (PSST) interventions for treating adolescents with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). The participant in this study is a 16-year-old male adolescent who was at the high school level. This study is a single-case experimental design research where participants in this experiment research provided their control data to compare within-subject designs. Instruments used in this study include observations, interviews, graphic tests, the IST intelligence test, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The results indicated that PSST intervention successfully reduced symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), as indicated by decreases in disruptive behavior and peer-related issues, alongside improvements in problem-solving skills, contributing to enhanced adaptive functioning in interpersonal contexts, positive relationships with the environment, and psychological well-being. Consequently, an individual is better positioned for academic and social success, equipped with heightened adaptability to his surroundings.Masa remaja menjadi tahapan kritis perkembangan gejala permasalahan psikologis. Salah satu kondisi psikologis yang umum terjadi pada anak dan remaja adalah oppositional defiant disorder (ODD).  ODD adalah sebuah pola kebiasaan yang berulang atau terus menerus terkait suasana hati yang marah atau mudah tersinggung, perilaku argumentatif atau menantang, atau dendam yang cenderung mengganggu orang di sekitar mereka termasuk orang dewasa maupun otoritas lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas intervensi problem solving skill training (PSST) untuk menangani remaja dengan kondisi ODD. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah seorang remaja laki-laki berusia 16 tahun yang berada pada tingkat sekolah menengah atas. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian single case experimental design, yaitu partisipan dalam penelitian eksperimen ini memberikan data kontrolnya sendiri dengan tujuan membandingkan desain dalam subjek. Instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara, tes grafis, tes kecerdasan IST, Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), serta alat ukur Strenghts and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa intervensi problem solving skill training (PSST) berhasil menurunkan gejala ODD yang ditunjukkan oleh penurunan perilaku mengganggu dan perilaku bermasalah dengan teman sebaya seiring dengan peningkatan keterampilan penyelesaian masalah yang berperan untuk meningkatkan fungsi adaptif dalam konteks interpersonal, hubungan positif dengan lingkungan serta kesejahteraan psikologis. Konsekuensinya, individu mempunyai posisi yang lebih baik dalam mencapai keberhasilan akademis dan sosial, serta kemampuan beradaptasi yang lebih baik terhadap lingkungannya.