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Dian Saputra
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Journal : Unisia

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Geographic, Economic, and Political Determinants of Military Emergency Rule in Aceh, 1998–2005 Murliana, Murliana; Saputra, Dian; Jumi Adela Wardiansyah; Istantiani, Meinita; Syukri, Syukri
Unisia Vol. 43 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/unisia.vol43.iss2.art16

Abstract

This study examines the factors behind the imposition of Military Emergency Status in Aceh between 1998 and 2005, a period marked by prolonged armed conflict between the Government of Indonesia and the Free Aceh Movement. The article aims to explain why the state ultimately resorted to military emergency rule by analyzing the interaction of geographic, economic, and political conditions that shaped the conflict. Using a qualitative library-based research design, the study relies on historical analysis of books, academic articles, official regulations, and credible reports related to the Aceh conflict. The collected materials are critically reviewed, categorized, and interpreted to reconstruct the policy context and conflict dynamics leading to the declaration of military emergency. The findings show that Aceh’s strategic geography, particularly in Aceh Timur and surrounding areas, facilitated mobility, logistical access, and cross-regional connections that strengthened armed resistance. Economically, despite abundant natural resources, local communities experienced marginalization, limited participation in resource management, and persistent inequality, which intensified social grievances. Politically, unresolved human rights violations during the previous Military Operations Area period, weak law enforcement, and declining public trust in civilian governance contributed to growing support for the Free Aceh Movement. The failure of peace negotiations and the escalation of violence further reinforced the state’s preference for a security-based approach. In conclusion, the study argues that the Military Emergency Status in Aceh was not a sudden policy choice but the result of accumulated geographic vulnerabilities, economic injustice, and political dissatisfaction. These findings highlight the importance of addressing structural inequalities and political accountability as essential lessons for conflict resolution and sustainable peacebuilding in post-conflict regions.
Co-Authors A, Yuliana Abdul Rahman, Firdaus Abrar Abrar Achmad Zahir Saputra Afriantoro, Irfan Ahmad Tri Hidayat Ahmadi, Muhibuddin AIDA SAPITRI, SISKA Akib, Muhaiminah Alfariz, Rifki Alfurkaniati Alsukri, Alsukri Ananda Rinaldy, Reza Ananda, Yovan Allif Andika Eka Putra Angga Aditya Vannie Anwari, Fuad Arifin, Zidan Dwinanda Aryani, Retta Asti Asmawati Astini, Fitri Fatika Aziawatia, Nur Aziiz Rahman Putra Badriyah Badriyah, Badriyah Bannat, Azizatul Budijono, Budijono Burhanuddin Cindy Pramasta, Ni Komang Daniel Siahaan Diah Ajeng Pratiwi, Diah Ajeng Diana Purwitasari Dianto, Iyoyo Dignitya, Alya Esti Yuniar Evi Mufrihah Zain Febrianti, Mariska Fitriwati, Lara Gusman Nawanir Hafita, Yuniar Ayu Hamsal, Hamsal Handayani, Nurlaila Handayani, Trimita Gusti Hardianti, Rinda Hardiyanti, Rinda Hartanti, Rezkiah Hasanudin Hasanudin Hasyim, Ruslan Husen Muzaki Ibrahim Ibrahim Ikbal Adi Putra Inang, Inang Irianti, Risda Istantiani, Meinita Javad H Aziz, Ghifar Jumi Adela Wardiansyah Kamaluddin Kamaluddin Lalu Giat Juangsa Putra Lilik Yulianingsih Lukman Hakim M Hasbi M Said Hasibuan M. Aidil Hariyandi Maipauw, Niny Jeni martiani Meitriana, Made Ary Melawati Mohammad Sata, Mohammad Rafi'i Muh. Fadli Hasa Murliana, Murliana Ndiak, Rosma Noor, Laila Nuladani, Galuh Setri Ohorella, Hayat M Ohorella, Hayat M. Ohorella, Hayat Marwan Oktaviani, Rona Naula Pangestu, Galih Agestri pangestu, Galih gestri Paulina Paulina Pohan, Syafruddin Pramudya Akbar Zoelva Putri, Lisda Asiyah Rachma, Rachma Rahim, Nurul Abdul Rahmalan, Fajrio Dwi Rahman, Firdaus Abdul Rinaldy, Reza Ananda Rizal Akib Rosyetti Rudi Gunawan Rullu, ST. Marhana Sabila, Yolanda Ghina Sadewo, Dian Said Hasibuan, Muhammad Said, Erpin Sasa Dillah, Putri Sassi , Komarudin Seftyana Bella Fercy Setyawati, Eka Simamora, Monojaya Sinaga, Ferdinand IP Srianah Amir, Hasbiyah Suadnyani, Luh Putu Suci, Aditya ?Arif Bima Suherman, Suherman Sulistiono, Agus Sumarta, Ryan Puby Sundari, Eva Syukri Syukri Teguh Hidayat Iskandar Alam Uluelang, Kris Wael, Ahmad Wahyuningsih, Eny Widya Kurniawati Wijaya, Faten Yagdhon Alfani, Syafiq Yovan Allif Ananda Yuhana, Umi Laili Yulizar Rahman, Rizky Yusnawati Zikri Fachrul Nurhadi, Zikri Fachrul Zulhelmy