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All Journal Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Terapan (Journal of Pharmacy Science and Practice) Pharmaciana: Jurnal Kefarmasian Jurnal Farmasi Andalas Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Farmasi Jurnal Riset Kimia INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Science and Technology Indonesia JOPS (Journal Of Pharmacy and Science) JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Jurnal Hilirisasi IPTEKS (JHI) JFIOnline Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia Jurnal Farmasi Higea Majalah Farmasetika JPK: Jurnal Proteksi Kesehatan Warta Pengabdian Andalas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengembangan Dan Penerapan Ipteks Pharmaceutical And Biomedical Sciences Journal (PBSJ) Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences. Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Terapan (Journal of Pharmacy Science and Practice) Journal of Pharmaceutical and Natural Resources
Erizal Zaini
Fakultas Farmasi, UniversitasAndalas
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Dentistry Education Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Physics Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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Pembentukan dan karakterisasi kristal cair aceklofenak untuk sistem penghantaran transdermal Mutiara Zulkarnaini; Erizal Zaini; Rini Agustin
JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Vol 12 No 1 (2025): J Sains Farm Klin 12(1), April 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.12.1.81-91.2025

Abstract

Aceclofenac is a phenylacetic acid derivative classified as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to relieve pain caused by inflammation. It has potential for topical application through a transdermal delivery system. One promising approach is the use of liquid crystals as carriers in transdermal dosage forms. This study aims to develop a simple liquid crystal cream formulation for aceclofenac, using glyceryl monostearate as a mesogen and Pluronic as a stabilizer. The aceclofenac liquid crystal cream was characterized using Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM), Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Evaluations included drug release, permeation, viscosity, flow properties, zeta potential, and freeze-thaw stability. The optimal formulation consisted of oil: glyceryl monostearate–Pluronic P123: water in a 5:15:80% ratio. PLM results showed birefringence and a lamellar phase texture. FTIR analysis confirmed no new chemical bonds, while DSC indicated a reduced melting point and increased enthalpy of fusion. The release and permeation of aceclofenac after 6 hours were 27.849 ± 0.5479 µg/cm² and 21.093 ± 0.5761 µg/cm², respectively—higher than non-liquid crystal preparations. The cream exhibited thixotropic flow behavior, a zeta potential of -50.8 mV, and remained stable after six freeze-thaw cycles. In coclusion, Aceclofenac can be formulated into a liquid crystal cream with glyceryl monostearate as a mesogen, showing a birefringent lamellar phase that enhances its release and permeation
Formulation and Physical Characterization of Chewable Gummy from Galangal Rhizome Extract (Kaempferia galanga L.) as a Nutraceutical Product Alya Zahira Andarifera; Erizal Zaini; Rahmi Yosmar; Lili Fitriani
JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Vol 12 No 2 (2025): J Sains Farm Klin 12(2), August 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.12.2.145-155.2025

Abstract

The Kaempferia galanga L rizhome (kencur) extract, known in traditional use as an appetite enhancer, was developed into chewable gummy preparations as a nutraceutical product. Due to the taste and odor of extract from natural plants caused less preferable to consume. Therefore the formulation of chewable gummy was addressed to overcome this problem. This study formulated gummy with a concentration of 2% galangal extract and gelatin as gelling agent with concentration variations of 10% (F1), 12.5% (F2), and 15% (F3). The evaluation of the physical properties of galangal rhizome extract chewable gummy included swelling ratio, syneresis, organoleptic, weight diversity, and texture profile analysis (TPA). In addition, a hedonic test was conducted to determine the level of panelist preference. The results revealed that the higher the gelatin concentration, the more significant the changes in the physical properties of gummies. An increase in gelatin plays a crucial role in forming a denser and more stable preparation structure. This impacts the texture regarding chewiness and increase the hardness. The result of TPA showed a significant differences (p<0.05) in the parameters of hardness, gumminess, and chewiness between the three formulations. The results of the hedonic test showed that F3 was the most preferred by the panelists. Based on these results, a gelatin concentration of 15% is recommended for the formulation of chewable gummy galangal rhizome extract.
Enhancement of Solubility, Dissolution, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Aceclofenac via Multicomponent Crystal Formation with Tromethamine Hendrizal Usman; Salman Umar; Yufri Aldi; Muhammad Nasrul Siregar; Erizal Zaini
JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Vol 13 No 1 (2026): J Sains Farm Klin 13(1), April 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.13.1.28-37.2026

Abstract

Aceclofenac (ACE) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) widely used for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, yet its therapeutic performance is limited by poor aqueous solubility as a Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class II drug. This study aimed to enhance the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of ACE by forming a multicomponent crystal (MC) with tromethamine (TRIS). The MC was produced via solvent-dropped grinding in a 1:1 molar ratio and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). DSC and PXRD results indicated the formation of a eutectic system with reduced crystallinity, while FTIR showed intermolecular hydrogen bonding, evidenced by the broad OH stretching band near 3000 cm⁻¹, without new covalent bond formation. Solubility increased 35.8-fold relative to pure ACE, and dissolution testing showed a markedly improved dissolution efficiency (DE₆₀) of 75.33 ± 1.57% compared with 49.10 ± 0.54% for ACE alone. In vivo anti-inflammatory assessment using a carrageenan-induced granuloma pouch model further demonstrated superior pharmacological activity of the MC, significantly reducing exudate volume (0.56 mL) and TNF-α levels (25.26 pg/mL) versus pure ACE (0.82 mL and 29.70 pg/mL). Overall, the ACE–TRIS multicomponent crystal effectively enhances solubility, dissolution, and anti-inflammatory efficacy, offering a promising approach for improving ACE’s therapeutic performance.
Rapid Release ODF Loaded with Ketoprofen– Tromethamine Multicomponent Crystals: Formulation and Evaluation Indah Syahrani; Adhitya Jessica; Erizal Zaini
JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Vol 13 No 1 (2026): J Sains Farm Klin 13(1), April 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.13.1.90-100.2026

Abstract

Ketoprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with low solubility and limited bioavailability. To enhance its solubility, ketoprofen was modified into a multicomponent crystal with tromethamine using the solvent evaporation method. The ketoprofen–tromethamine multicomponent crystal was then formulated into an orally dissolving film (ODF) to produce a dosage form that rapidly disintegrates in the oral cavity. The ODF was prepared by the solvent casting method, with variations in HPMC K4M as the film-forming polymer and PEG 400, propylene glycol, and glycerin as plasticizers. The formulations were evaluated based on organoleptic properties, thickness, pH, folding endurance, moisture content, swelling index, disintegration time, and dissolution profile. The optimal formulation was identified in F07, which consisted of 2% HPMC K4M and 30% PEG 400, resulting in a film with the best physical and mechanical properties and a disintegration time of 37.21 ± 1.93 seconds. These findings indicate that the ketoprofen–tromethamine multicomponent crystal ODF improves dissolution performance and meets the criteria for fast-disintegrating dosage forms, suggesting its potential as an effective alternative for patients with swallowing difficulties.
Enhancing Dissolution of Febuxostat: Novel Febuxostat–Syringic Acid Multicomponent Crystals via Liquid-Assisted Grinding Gita Sri Fitri; Lili Fitriani; Erizal Zaini; Adhitya Jessica
Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Journal (PBSJ) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/pbsj.v8i1.50282

Abstract

Gout is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the joints, and its global prevalence continues to increase. Febuxostat, a selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor, serves as an alternative therapy for patients who cannot tolerate allopurinol. Although effective, its clinical performance is limited by very low aqueous solubility and slow dissolution due to its Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class II characteristics. Enhancing its solubility is therefore essential to improve oral absorption. This study aimed to prepare and characterize a febuxostat–syringic acid multicomponent crystal using the liquid-assisted grinding (LAG) method and to evaluate its impact on dissolution behavior. Multicomponent crystals were prepared using various molar ratios and optimized based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results. Further characterization was conducted using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Dissolution studies were conducted with three replicates (n=3) in phosphate–citrate buffer pH 5.5 containing 1% sodium lauryl sulfate followed by HPLC analysis. The formation of a multicomponent crystal was evidenced by a reduced melting point and decreased peak intensity, along with distinct diffraction patterns indicating lower crystallinity compared to the febuxostat and syringic acid components. FTIR analysis revealed shifts in the absorption of wave numbers, while SEM showed smaller and rougher particles, indicating improved wettability. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA showed that the febuxostat–syringic acid multicomponent crystal demonstrated significantly enhanced dissolution (99.21% at 60 minutes) compared with pure febuxostat (76.00% at 60 minutes) (p < 0.05). The febuxostat–syringic acid multicomponent crystal prepared via the LAG method improved the physicochemical characteristics and dissolution performance of febuxostat. This approach provides a potential strategy to enhance the bioavailability of poorly soluble BCS Class II drugs.
PEMBUATAN PRODUK SABUN CAIR DARI ECO-ENZYME DI KELURAHAN ANDALAS KECAMATAN PADANG TIMUR KOTA PADANG Purnawan Pontana Putra; Fatma Sri Wahyuni; Yelly Oktavia Sari; Erizal Erizal; Dachriyanus Dachriyanus; Yufri Aldi; Dedy Almasdy; Salman Salman
Jurnal Hilirisasi IPTEKS Vol. 6 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jhi.v6i1.644

Abstract

Eco-Enzyme, a multifunctional liquid produced from a mixture of organic waste such as vegetables, fruits, brown sugar, coconut sugar, corn sugar, sugarcane, and water that has undergone fermentation, has various benefits for the environment and human health. Eco-Enzyme contains beneficial enzymes that accelerate biochemical reactions in the environment. The enzymes found in Eco-Enzyme can be used for various applications, such as organic liquid fertilizer for plants, an additive in detergents, floor cleaners, pesticide residue cleaners, and rust removers. Using Eco-Enzyme as a liquid soap can help reduce soil pollution. Meanwhile, using Eco-Enzyme as a cleaning agent can help reduce the use of hazardous chemicals that damage the environment. This integrated program is carried out in three stages: the first is to socialize the benefits of using Eco-Enzyme, the second is to make Eco-Enzyme, and the third is to make soap from Eco-Enzyme. The production of Eco-Enzyme begins with the collection of organic waste consisting of fruit and vegetable waste, which is then mixed with brown sugar and water and left to ferment for three months. After the Eco-Enzyme product is ready, soap-making uses ingredients such as potassium hydroxide (KOH), coconut oil, cooking oil, distilled water, orange-scented perfume, and Eco-Enzyme. Training on Eco-Enzyme and soap making is conducted in the Andalas Subdistrict, which is welcomed enthusiastically by the local community. This program is expected to serve as a reference for transforming organic waste into more practical and environmentally friendly sustainable products.
Peningkatan Efek Antiinflamasi Multikomponen Etorikoksib terhadap Penurunan TNF-α Rahmadevi Rahmadevi; Erizal Zaini; Yori Yuliandra
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 4 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i4.1097

Abstract

Etoricoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, is widely used for its anti-inflammatory effects but is associated with dose-dependent adverse events. Multicomponent formulations with coformers or solubilizing agents offer a potential strategy to improve efficacy while minimizing toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of pure etoricoxib and its multicomponent formulations with nicotinamide, N-methyl glucamine, and piperine using TNF-α as a coformer. A controlled laboratory experiment was conducted in Wistar rats using a carrageenan-induced granuloma pouch model. TNF-α levels were measured at baseline (0 hours) and at 6 hours post-treatment. Normality tests, two-way ANOVA, and Tukey HSD post-hoc analyses were applied to assess group differences and time effects. All treatment groups significantly reduced TNF-α levels compared to the control (p < 0.001). While pairwise comparisons between treatments were not statistically significant, the P4 formulation (etoricoxib–piperine) showed the most consistent reduction. P3 (etoricoxib–N-methyl glucamine) exhibited a near-significant difference from pure etoricoxib (P1), suggesting enhanced efficacy. The main effect of time confirmed the temporal decline of TNF-α (p = 0.0101), without significant group × time interaction. Multicomponent formulations, particularly those containing piperine and N-methyl glucamine, enhance the anti-inflammatory action of etoricoxib. These research support further development of bioenhanced etoricoxib as safer alternatives for antiinflammatory.
Co-Authors -, Salman AA Sudharmawan, AA Adhitya Jessica Agusri Boestari Agustina, Annisa Akmal Djamaan Alya Zahira Andarifera Amri Bakhtiar Annisa Agustina Aprilianti, Hizra Dwi Arif, Zhafira Asiska Permata Dewi Asiska Permata Dewi Asiska Permatadewi Auzal Halim Auzal Halim Azhoma Gumala Azzahra, Cindy Maynia Ben, Elfi Sahlan Dachriyanus Deni Anggraini Deni Noviza Dhea Sultana Lutfiyah Dini Hanifa Dwi Setyawan Ellyza Nasrul Elpa Giovana Zola Elsa Badriyya Elvi Rahma Yulisman Elvita Sari Fadhila, Muthia Fajriani, Aisyah Fatma Sri Wahyuni Fauzi Saputra Fauziah, Gusrina Fifi Harmely Firdaus Thantawi Firdaus, Wahyu Alfath Friardi Ismed Gaesari, Sherly Rahmah Gaesari, Sherly Rahmah Ghiffari, Habibie Deswilyaz Gita Sri Fitri Hansen Nasif Haq AH, Ahdi Dinil Hasmiwati Helen Sonita Hendrizal Usman Hendrizal Usman Henny Lucida Hulwa Salsabila Ihsan, Ikhwanul Ima Kurniati Indah Syahrani Irna Kurniati Jessica, Adhitya Kiki Rizky Wirza Kurniati, Irna Lili Fitriani Mai Efdi Maria Dona Octavia Melanny Ika Sulistyowaty Melisa Melisa Melzi Octaviani Mohd Amin, Mohd Cairul Iqbal Muhammad Nasrul Siregar Muhammad Taher Muthia Fadhila Mutiara Zulkarnaini Nabila Maulidya Khairunnisa Najmi Hilaliyati Netty Novitasari Nova Syafni Novica Sari Prameswari, Putu Pradnya Mimba Purnawan Pontana Putra Raden Joko Kuncoroningrat Susilo Rahmadasmi, Nola Rahmadevi Rahmadevi Rahmadevi Rahmadevi Rahmi Nofita Rahmi Yosmar Resva Meinisasti Revila, Gusti Reza Safitri Rifka Naura Rini Agustin Rini Agustin Rizky, Fattihatul Rosaini, Henni Rose Intan Perma Sari Rustini Rustini Rustini Rustini S, Agnes Saafrida Saafrida Saafrida Saafrida Saafrida Salman - Salman Salman Salman Umar Salman Umar Salman Umar Salman Umar Sari, Elvita Sayyidina, Fasqina Simbolon, Clara Alverina Sundani N. Soewandhi Sundani N. Soewandhi, Sundani N. Syofyan Syofyan SYUKRAN HAMDENI Syukriati Chaira Tahta Amrillah Trisfa Augia Try Andy Sahputra Try Andy Sahputra Usman, Hendrizal Uswatul Hasanah Uswatul Hasanah, Uswatul Verlia Nisrina Putri Vike Zulia Putri Vina Oktavia Wahyu Alfath Firdaus Yelly Oktavia Sari Yeni Novita Sari Yeyet C. Sumirtapura Yori Yuliandra Yufri Aldi Yuliza, Sukma Yuska Noviyanty Zahara Gayo Zidan, Sabry A. H. Zulhadjri Zulhadjri