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Antidiabetic Activity of Ethyl Acetate Compounds from Gayam (Inocarpus fagiferus): In Silico and In Vivo Studies Ifaya, Mus; Ridwan, Bai Athur; Laugi, Putri Salsabila; Utami, Apriliani Putri; Abdurrahman, Syawal
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol 12, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ijpst.v12i3.58070

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by high blood sugar levels. Though many drugs are available, blood glucose control is still challenging to achieve due to decreased beta cell function and side effects of long-term use. Gayam tree bark (Inocarpus fagiferus) has the potential to inhibit digestive enzymes, although the molecular mechanism of its antidiabetic effect has not been ascertained. This study aims to determine the activity of compounds from ethyl acetate extract as antidiabetics, tested in silico and in vivo. The study used molecular docking and in vivo activity analysis. LC-MS analysis was used to determine the content of compounds in the ethyl acetate fraction of gayam bark. Through molecular interaction prediction and ADME-Toxicology, compounds in gayam bark showed antidiabetic activity. In the molecular docking interaction study, the Cochliophilin A compound had a lower binding energy than acarbose on the α-amylase receptor: -9.76 kcal/mol and -8.95 kcal/mol. The ADME-Tox model predicted good skin permeability, absorption, and distribution for Cochliophilin A. The ethyl acetate extract showed antidiabetic activity in lowering blood sugar levels in rats on day 14, respectively by 74% (IV), 72% (V), and 74% (VI). Collectively, compounds in gayam bark are useful in treating diabetes.
Phenolic, Flavonoid, and Antioxidant Profiles of Sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) Leaf Ethanol Extract Isrul, Muhammad; Ridwan, Bai Athur; Syaiful, Ahmad; Azlimin, Azlimin; Putri, Tenri Zulfa Ayu Dwi; Jambilu, Eviyanti; Bone, Mahfuzun; Maulidya, Vina
Borneo Journal of Pharmacy Vol. 8 No. 4 (2025): Borneo Journal of Pharmacy
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v8i4.7818

Abstract

Oxidative stress drives many degenerative conditions, motivating the search for safe, plant-based antioxidants. Sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) leaf is comparatively underexplored. This study evaluated its antioxidant activity and related it to phenolic and flavonoid contents. A 96% ethanolic leaf extract was assayed for radical-scavenging activity by DPPH using ascorbic acid as the positive control; IC50 values were obtained from linear regression of % inhibition versus concentration (2.5–10 ppm). Composition was profiled by total phenolic content (TPC; Folin–Ciocalteu, expressed as mg gallic acid equivalents per g, mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content (TFC; AlCl3 colorimetry, expressed as mg quercetin equivalents per g, mg QE/g). The extract showed very strong DPPH activity (IC50 = 11.873 ± 0.025 µg/mL), while ascorbic acid yielded 3.166 ± 0.025 µg/mL; both fall within the <50 µg/mL category. The extract contained TPC = 1.61% w/w (~16.1 mg GAE/g) and TFC = 3.05% w/w (reported on the quercetin-equivalent scale). These indices are consistent with the low IC50 and support a phenolic-driven antioxidant profile. Metroxylon sagu leaf extract exhibits very strong radical-scavenging activity, supported by appreciable levels of phenolics and flavonoids, which identify M. sagu leaves as a promising natural antioxidant source. The findings provide a concise quantitative basis for follow-up work focused on targeted phenolic/flavonoid profiling, as well as broader antioxidant evaluations.
Co-Authors Abdurrahman, Syawal Ahmar, Sadli Bill Alani, Fitriani W Andriani, Rina Ardiansyah, Ririn Teguh Asbath Said Asbath Said Awaliyah, Nur Hatidjah Azlimin, Azlimin Bachmid, Sitti Nursaliima Baco, Juliana Bone, Mahfuzun Chairun Wiedyaningsih Chicha Fatahena Citra Dewi Citra Dewi Djunaiddin Djunaiddin Dwi Syah Fitra Ramadhan Firmansyah Fitri Handayani Fitri Yanti Fitriah, Wa Ode Ida Hanafi, La Ode Ali Hardianti, Puspa Hasanuddin, Silviana Herlina Nasir, Nur Himaniarwati, Himaniarwati Husniati Husniati Husni Ida Fitriah, Wa Ode Ifaya, Mus Ilyas Yusuf, Muhammad Islaeli Islaeli Islaeli Isrul, Muh. Jambilu, Eviyanti Juslan Khatifah, Ulmiah La Ode Ali Hanafi La Ode Hamiru La Ode Saafi Laugi, Putri Salsabila Lestari, Sari Arie Lestari, Sindi Lodes Hadju Lolok, Nikeherpianti Mahfusun Bone Marningsih, Elfi Masriwati, Sitti Maulidya, Vina Muhammad Isrul Mus Ifaya Nike Herpianti Lolok Nirwana Nur, Muhammad Afdal Nurdian Salam Nurhady Nurlinda Nurlinda Pasaeno, Nur Afriyaningsih Pusmarani, Jastria Putri, Tenri Zulfa Ayu Dwi Rachmah, Iin Mawaddah Rifa’atul Mahmudah Risda Risky Juliansyah Putri Rismayanti Fauziah Sadli bill Ahmar Salam, Nurdian Samsibar Saranani, Selpirahmawati Siharis, Fatma Sari Silviana Hasanuddin Sitti Nursaliima Bachmid Suriana Susi Ari Kristina Susi Ari Kristina Syafrie, Firhani Anggriani Syaiful, Ahmad Syamsiah Pawannei Tasman Tasman Tasnim Tasnim Ulva, Sitti Marya Useng, Yusuf Utami, Apriliani Putri Uyun Wardarini Wa Ode Rahmadania Wa Ode Yuliastri Wanda Salsyafirah Wangloan, Melany Sapoetri Warnila Yasmin, Laode Muhamad Yuliastri, Wa Ode Yuliatika, Kristiana Yulli Fety Yusuf Useng