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Ahmad Dani
Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi
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Journal : Multidisciplinary Indonesian Center Journal

 1 
CLASSICAL NAHWU SCIENCE: THE THEORY OF I'RAB, 'AMIL, AND A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE BASRAH AND KUFA MODELS Erni Nurjaya; Ahmad Dani; Hamzah
Multidisciplinary Indonesian Center Journal (MICJO) Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Vol. 3 No. 1 Edisi Januari 2026
Publisher : PT. Jurnal Center Indonesia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62567/micjo.v3i1.1958

Abstract

This research discusses the concepts of i’rab and ‘amil in Arabic grammar and examines the methodological differences between the Basra and Kufa schools as the two primary streams in the construction of nahwu (syntax). I’rab is understood as the changes in the vowels at the end of words influenced by the presence of an ‘amil (governor) and the word's position within the sentence structure, thus playing a vital role in preserving meaning and syntactic order in the Arabic language. This study employs a qualitative approach with a library research method, tracing primary sources from the works of classical scholars and secondary sources from modern studies. Data analysis was conducted using content and comparative analysis methods to identify the epistemological characteristics of both schools. The results of the study show that the Basra school is prescriptive, rational, and selective regarding linguistic sources, whereas the Kufa school is more descriptive, flexible, and open to various speech patterns, including those considered syadz (irregular). These differing approaches impact how both schools understand and formulate the rules of i’rab and ‘amil. This study concludes that both schools provided distinct yet complementary contributions to the development of Arabic nahwu, where Basra played a role in theoretical standardization and Kufa contributed to the preservation of linguistic reality. These findings emphasize that the understanding of i’rab is not only related to grammatical aspects but is also supported by historical and epistemological perspectives within the scientific tradition of the Arabic language.
Co-Authors ABDUL HAMID Abubakar, Achmad Adelia Azzahra Ahmad Mujahid, Ahmad Alamsyah Harahap Alhabsyi, Hadija Ali Akbar Berutu Amani Darma Tarigan Amos Marganda Girsang Ananda, Supri Andi Naila Quin Azisah Aliasyahbana Anggraini, Atika Arfis A Arif Maulana, Arif Arif Rahmansyah Astrina Utami Auliany, Shylvia Rizki Awalya, Nurul Azis Muslim, Azis Aziziy, Yunia Nabila Badogil, Hutur Tuan Bagas saputra Batara Manggala Sianturi Benediktus Situmorang Beni Satria Dailami - Dewi, Nur Winda Dhimas Tribuana Dina Maulida Dina Tampubolon Dino Erivainto Dino Erivianto Dyah Ayu Putriani Dymas Halim Eko Prasetyo Hadi Ekowijayanto, Mochlis Endang Supriatna Erni Nurjaya Evan Haviana Fahrul Fahrul Faiz, M Farid Hidayat Fauziyah, Selvi Flores, Rosenell B Gebi Massing Gulo, Nico Ewaldo Fan Gultom, Dedi Harianto Hamdani . Hamdani Hamdani Hamzah Haniah Haniah Haris Gunawan Haris Gunawan Haris Gunawan Hilmy, Zakwan Jhon Wandes P. Hutagaol Junaedi Hutabarat Khairul Saleh Khairunnisa Salsabila Purba Khalizah, Ismi Ardiandari Nur Legito . M. Agung Irwansyah M. Aryan Syah M. Irwansyah Marcellino Eliah Minanga Maria Cecelia Peni Marsal Nasution Marthin Hotniel Marisi Arigatho Simbolon Maulina Maulina Maulina, Maulina Mhd. Ali Akbar Nasution Mia Fitria Muh. Zulfi Qadri mulia Mulia Mulia Musfida, Firdha Nabila Patawa Siregar Nana Rahayu, Nana Noviansyah Noviansyah Nur Rezki Fitriani Nuraprilyani Pasaribu Nurhinaya, Nurhinaya Pristisal Wibowo Qodariyah, Mamluatul Rahmaniar Rendy Nugraha Bidangan Rolina Amriyanti Ferita, Rolina Amriyanti Saaf, Arifin Sabrina, Sangkot Sain, Yuliyanah SAKRIM SAKRIM, SAKRIM Sam Hermansyah Sanjaya, Moh. Nunung Seksama Reformasi Baene Simbolon, Silvana P. Solly Aryza Lubis Stepanus.S, Ronaldo SUCI WULAN DARI Sulfina Abrianti Susilo, Trisno Sutan Aradji Larby Siregar Syafiqah Mangkawani Caneng Syarif Amin Syarif, Andi Rachmawati Syarofi, Ibnu Tarigan, Amani Darma Tati Herlina Tyas Adi, Fajar Ulfani, Tri Wibowo, Pristisal Widodo, Panggih Williza Yanti, Williza Yanti, Sri Rahmayanti Yenni Cahya Sikala Yohani, Adisthi Martha