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All Journal Farmaka Science and Technology Indonesia Jambura Nursing Journal Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari Journal of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacy (JECP) Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Sciences of Pharmacy Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Farmasi : Pharmacare Society Jurnal Ilmiah Dr. Aloei Saboe Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences. Jurnal Kesehatan Bakti Tunas Husada Jurnal Farmasi Teknologi Sediaan dan Kosmetika (JFTSK) Journal of Pharmacology and Natural Products Jurnal Riset dan Pengabdian Interdisipliner
Mohamad Aprianto Paneo
Universitas Negeri Gorontalo
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Dentistry Education Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Effect of Centrifugation on Nanoemulsion Stability with Tween, PEG, Poloxamer 188, and Transcutol-p Rahmola, Fauziah; Mustapa, Mohamad Adam; Paneo, Mohamad Aprianto; Djuwarno, Endah Nurrohwinta; Taupik, Muhammad
Jurnal Farmasi Teknologi Sediaan dan Kosmetika Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Volume 3 Nomor 1 Tahun 2026
Publisher : Jurnal Literasi Mandiri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70075/jftsk.v3i1.271

Abstract

This study evaluated the effect of centrifugation speed on the physical stability of a nanoemulsion base formulated with grapeseed oil (long-chain triglyceride, LCT) and stabilized using Tween 80–PEG 400, Poloxamer 188, and Transcutol-P, as a preliminary platform for topical and oral pharmaceutical applications. A descriptive–experimental design was employed. Nanoemulsion bases were prepared by the aqueous titration method followed by 60-minute sonication. Four formulations (F1–F4) contained 5% grapeseed oil and 2% Poloxamer 188, while Tween 80/PEG 400 levels and Transcutol-P (0.5–2%) were varied. Accelerated physical stability was assessed by centrifugation at 2000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 rpm for 30 minutes, followed by organoleptic observation, emulsion type determination, pH measurement, and viscosity testing. All formulations remained visually stable at 2000 rpm. At 4000 rpm, F1–F2 showed increased turbidity with a thin top layer (incipient creaming), whereas F3–F4 remained stable without phase separation. At 6000 rpm, F1–F2 became more turbid with the onset of a surface oil layer, while F3–F4 maintained stability. At 8000 rpm, F1–F2 exhibited complete phase separation; F3 showed a slight oil layer; and F4 was the most stable, showing only minimal turbidity without total phase breaking. All formulations were classified as oil-in-water (O/W). The pH ranged from 6.0 to 7.0 (mean 6.45 ± 0.42) and viscosity from 176 to 220 cP (mean 196.25 ± 18.89). In conclusion, increasing centrifugation speed effectively differentiated formulation robustness, with F4 demonstrating the highest resistance to mechanical stress up to 8000 rpm.
The Effect of Centrifugation Test on the Physical Stability of Nanoemulsion Containing a Combination of Poloxamer 407, Tween 80, PEG 400, and DMSO A. Unga, Rani Orelia; Tuloli, Teti Sutriyati; Paneo, Mohamad Aprianto; Aman, La Ode; Mustapa, Mohamad Adam
Jurnal Farmasi Teknologi Sediaan dan Kosmetika Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Volume 3 Nomor 1 Tahun 2026
Publisher : Jurnal Literasi Mandiri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70075/jftsk.v3i1.272

Abstract

The development of nanoemulsion-based drug delivery systems has gained significant attention due to their ability to enhance drug solubility, stability, and therapeutic effectiveness. Optimizing the combination of surfactants, co-surfactants, and penetration enhancers is essential to produce a kinetically stable nanoemulsion system. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the physical stability of nanoemulsions prepared using Tween 80, PEG 400, Poloxamer 407, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and to determine the optimal formulation based on physicochemical characteristics and accelerated stability testing. Four nanoemulsion formulations (F1–F4) were prepared with varying concentrations of surfactant and co-surfactant. The formulations were evaluated for organoleptic properties, emulsion type, pH, viscosity, and physical stability using a centrifugation test at speeds up to 8000 rpm to detect phase separation, flocculation, or coalescence. The results showed that all formulations were classified as oil-in-water (o/w) nanoemulsions. No phase separation was observed after centrifugation, indicating good physical stability. However, F1 and F2 appeared turbid, whereas F3 and F4 demonstrated better clarity and overall stability. The pH values ranged from 6.6 to 7.4, which are acceptable for topical application, and viscosity values ranged from 405 to 427 cPs, indicating suitable rheological properties for topical use. In conclusion, the combination of Tween 80, PEG 400, Poloxamer 407, and DMSO successfully produced a kinetically stable nanoemulsion system. Among the tested formulations, F3 and F4 exhibited the most optimal characteristics and show strong potential for further development in pharmaceutical nanoemulsion formulations.
Biopotential of Gorontalo Hulu’u Fish (Giuris margaritacea) Albumin in a Novel Spray Gel Formulation for the Treatment of BurnWounds: In Vivo Evaluation in Rats Paneo, Mohamad Aprianto; Djuwarno, Endah Nurrohwinta; Habibie, Sitty Ainsyah; Thomas, Nurain; Latif, Multiani S.; Munafri, Nur Alifia Karina; Anasiru, Rayhan Firman
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): April
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.2.389-404

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different concentrations of Hulu’u fish albumin-based spray gels in promoting wound healing in burn injuries in male white rats. The formulations included 10%, 15%, and 20% concentrations of Hulu’u fish albumin, which were compared to a commercial snakehead fish albumin gel (positive control) and a spray gel base without albumin (negative control). Wound diameter reduction was assessed over seven days. The results indicated a clear dose response relationship, with the 20% Hulu’u fish albumin formulation (F3) achieving the most significant reduction in wound diameter, averaging 1.57 mm (range: 1.5–1.6 mm), representing a 91.8% improvement compared to the negative control group, which showed an average reduction of 19.13 mm (range: 18.1–19.7 mm). The Positive Control (snakehead fish albumin gel) demonstrated a moderate reduction with an average of 6.97 mm (range: 6.6–7.6 mm). The 10% Hulu’u fish albumin (F1) and 15% Hulu’u fish albumin (F2) formulations showed moderate improvements, with average reductions of 4.73 mm (range: 4.4–5.1 mm) and 4.5 mm (range: 4.7–3.9 mm), respectively. These findings suggest that higher concentrations of Hulu’u fish albumin, particularly the 20% formulation, offer superior wound healing properties, outperforming both the negative control and the commercial snakehead fish albumin gel. The study highlights the potential of Hulu’u fish albumin as a novel bioactive compound for burn wound treatment and warrants further investigation for clinical applications.
Formulation of 70% Ethanol Extract Cream of Ketapang Leaf (Terminalia catappa L.) and Efficacy Test for Cut Wound in Mice (Mus muscullus) Thomas, Nurain; Ramadhani, Fika Nuzul; Rasdianah, Nur; Paneo, Mohamad Aprianto; Toana, Kadaria
Journal of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacy (JECP) Vol 6, No 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52365/jecp.v6i1.1458

Abstract

A laceration (vulnus scissum) is characterized by straight, regular wound edges, typically resulting from sharp object trauma. Ketapang leaves (Terminalia catappa L.) contain bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, saponins, tannins, sterols, alkaloids, and terpenoids, which possess anti-inflammatory properties and the potential to accelerate wound recovery. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an extract cream derived from T. catappa leaves on laceration healing in mice (Mus musculus). The extract was obtained via maceration using 70% ethanol, followed by phytochemical screening. The cream base was optimized to meet pharmaceutical standards, with evaluations encompassing organoleptic properties, pH, dispersibility, adhesion, viscosity, and freeze-thaw stability. Three formulations were developed with varying extract concentrations: F1 (15%), F2 (20%), and F3 (25%). The in vivo efficacy test involved five groups of mice. Results indicated that all three formulations met the criteria for physical stability. In terms of healing duration, the negative control group required 21 days, while the positive control group achieved healing in 10 days. Among the treatment groups, F1 (15%) and F2 (20%) showed healing times of 18 and 16 days, respectively. Notably, F3 (25%) exhibited the highest efficacy with a healing time of 10 days, comparable to the positive control. Statistical analysis using One-Way ANOVA confirmed these findings with a p-value < 0.05.
Formulation and Antioxidant Activity Test of Emulgel Extract of Guava (Psidium Guajava Linn.) Using DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1- Picrylhydrazyl) Methods Thomas, Nurain; Paneo, Mohamad Aprianto; Tuloli, Teti Sutriyati; Ayuhastuti, Angreni; Arifin, Lutfia Nurfadila
Jurnal Farmasi Teknologi Sediaan dan Kosmetika Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Volume 3 Nomor 1 Tahun 2026
Publisher : Jurnal Literasi Mandiri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70075/jftsk.v3i1.291

Abstract

Plants that have the potential to contain antioxidants are guava leaves (Psidium guajava Linn.) which contain one of the compounds, flavonoids, which have antioxidant activity that can reduce free radicals. Emulgel has advantages such as thixotropic, easy to spread, easy to clean, does not leave stains, durable and can be a delivery system for hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances. This study aims to formulate guava leaf extract emulgel and determine antioxidant activity using DPPH method. This research began with guava leaf extraction and base optimization with varying concentrations of stearic acid as an emulsifier consisting of F1 8%, F2 10% and F3 12%. The base that meets the requirements of good physical stability is F2. F2 base was made into emulgel preparations with 3 variations of guava leaf extract concentration, namely F2a 1%, F2b 2% and F2b 3%. The three formulas were tested for physical stability including organoleptic test, emulsion type, pH test, spreadability, adhesiveness, viscosity test, and freeze thaw test as well as antioxidant activity test with DPPH method. The results of the physical stability test showed that the preparations F2a, F2b and F2c met the requirements. The IC50 value in each formulation has a different antioxidant activity value. F2a formulation is 123.59 ppm and F2b is 107.08 ppm which is classified as moderate antioxidant activity, while F2c is 61.74 ppm which is classified as strong antioxidant activity. Guava leaf extract emulgel formula, especially the second formula (F2c), has great potential to be considered by the pharmaceutical industry to be developed into antioxidant products because the results of the evaluation that have been carried out meet the requirements in terms of physical evaluation and potential antioxidant strong.
Co-Authors A. Unga, Rani Orelia Abdulkadir, Widi Susanti Anasiru, Rayhan Firman Andi Makkulawu Anggai, Rifka Anggraini ANWAR IBRAHIM, ANWAR Ariani H. Hutuba Arifin, Lutfia Nurfadila Arsyad, Rival Al-fazri Ayu Maloho, Sity Nur Rahayu Maloho Ayuhastuti, Angreni Balikan, Virginia Banne, Pratiwi Zesika Basri, Rakhmadana Fitraeni Cristian Polamolo Djayadi Azis Djayadi Azis Dolih Gozali Dr. Apt. Hamsidar Hasan S.Si.,M.Si Endah Nurrohwinta Djuwarno Faradila Ratu Cindana Fika Nuzul Ramadhani Hiola, Faramita Irmayanti Irmayanti, Irmayanti Ishak Isa Ishak, Siti Magfira Jumantrin, Nur Fitriah Kahar, Oktaviani La Ode Aman LATIF, MULTIANI S Latif, Multiani S. Lihawa, Karmila Madania, Madania Mahdalena Sy Pakaya Makkulawu, Andi Manno, Mohamad Reski Manno, Mohammad Reski Moh. Rivai Nakoe Mohamad Adam Mustapa Moo, Faradila Ratu Cindana Muhammad Taupik Multiani S Latif Mumtazah, Naharil Munafri, Nur Alifia Karina Nani, Indriyati Nasrun Pakaya Nur Ain Thomas Nur Rasdianah Nurain Abdullah Nurkamiden, Firman Nurkamiden, Sri Devi Maharani Pakaya, Nikmasari Palowa, Mohamad Tahir Papeo, Dizky Ramadani Putri Pido, Nur Huda Pratiwi Abdullah Puluhulawa, Lisa Efriani Rahmola, Fauziah Raji, Andre Rasdiana, Nur Rauf, Shalwa Azahrah Rismayani, Nur Robert Tungadi Sabrina, Putri Sabrina, Putri Febbiyanti Serly Daud Sitty Ainsyah Habibie Solang, Wicawati Van Suleman, Putri Rawe Suryadi, A Mu'thi Andy Suryadi, A. Mu'thi Andy Suryadi, A. Mu’thi Andy Suyadi, A. Mu’thi Andy Taofik Rusdiana Teti Sutriyati Tuloli Thamrin, Rahmulia Thomas , Nur Ain Timo, Nur Kharisma Ekaputri Toana, Kadaria Tuloli, Teti Sutriyati Tuloli Sutriyati Widy Susanti Abdulkadir Widy Susanti Abdulkadir Zulkifli B. Pomalango