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Hak Ulayat sebagai Manifestasi Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah dalam Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam: Analisis Kasus Masyarakat Adat Dayak Kenyah di Kalimantan Timur Surono, Agus; Wenceslaus, Wenceslaus
Tasyri' : Journal of Islamic Law Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Tasyri'
Publisher : STAINI Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53038/tsyr.v4i2.422

This research departs from the paradox between the state's normative recognition of the rights of indigenous peoples and the reality of structural marginalization experienced by the Dayak Kenyah community in Pampang Village, East Kalimantan. Customary rights as a system of communal ownership have not only legal value, but also spiritual and ecological dimensions that are in line with the principles of maqāṣid al-sharī'ah, in particular ḥifẓ al-māl (protection of property) and ḥifẓ al-bi'ah (protection of the environment). This study uses a normative legal approach supported by qualitative case studies to analyze the relationship between customary law, national law, and Islamic law in natural resource governance. Data was collected through analysis of laws and regulations, court decisions, and interviews with traditional stakeholders. The results of the study show that there is an overlap of sectoral regulations, complicated bureaucracy for verification of customary rights, and the dominance of state economic interests that get rid of customary authorities. The analysis of maqāṣid al-sharī'ah shows that the recognition of customary rights is a tangible manifestation of social justice and ecological responsibility mandated by Islamic law. Therefore, strengthening customary institutions, harmonizing sectoral regulations, and implementing the principle of Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) are strategic steps towards fair, sustainable, and maqāṣid governance.

Legal Certainty of Electronic Certificates In National Land Law Reform in The Digital Transformation Era Rahmat, Rahmat; Iriantoro, Agung; Surono, Agus
Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): (JLPH) Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jlph.v6i1.2557

This article explores the legal legitimacy and challenges in the implementation of electronic land certificates (e-certificates) within Indonesia’s national land administration system, while examining the concept of immutability the inability to alter data in the context of land law. It discusses the legal foundations, implementation processes, evidentiary strength, as well as technical and regulatory challenges, highlighting the potential of e-certificates as instruments that enhance legal certainty and security in the digital era of land administration. The digital transformation of Indonesia’s national land system introduces a significant innovation in the form of electronic land ownership certificates (e-certificates), aimed at improving efficiency, accountability, and legal certainty in land administration. This article critically examines the legal legitimacy, normative basis, and practical implications of implementing e-certificates within the framework of national land law, with a primary focus on the application of the principle of immutability, whereby data cannot be changed or manipulated without a legitimate audit trail. Using a normative juridical approach and empirical analysis based on primary data, this article identifies several implementation challenges including vulnerabilities in information systems, infrastructure gaps, suboptimal legal evidentiary mechanisms in court, and social resistance to the digitization of land ownership documents. The success of e-certificate implementation is highly dependent on data interoperability, resilient system design, and regulatory clarity regarding digital legal evidence. Digital transformation has become a national strategic agenda for bureaucratic modernization and improving public service quality, as outlined in Peraturan Presiden Nomor 95 Tahun 2018 on the Electronic-Based Government System (SPBE). One of the sectors undergoing accelerated digitalization is land administration, through the implementation of electronic certificates by the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (ATR/BPN), Peraturan Menteri ATR/BPN Nomor 3 Tahun 2023 concerning Electronic Documents. This initiative aims to create efficient, transparent, and integrated land registration services. However, the use of e-certificates as legal evidence of land rights presents both normative and practical challenges within the national legal system particularly regarding evidentiary strength, document legality, and data integrity and authentication safeguards. The effectiveness of e-certificate implementation depends on a legal system that is adaptive to technology, supported by a digital architecture that incorporates the principle of immutability through cryptographic technology, audit trails, and potential blockchain utilization. Thus, the certificate becomes not only an administrative tool but also a new foundation for the protection of agrarian rights in the digital era. These findings are relevant for policymakers, academics, and land practitioners in designing a modern, inclusive, and legally protective national land system.

Legal Certainty of Electronic Certificates In National Land Law Reform in The Digital Transformation Era Rahmat, Rahmat; Iriantoro, Agung; Surono, Agus
Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): (JLPH) Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jlph.v6i1.2557

This article explores the legal legitimacy and challenges in the implementation of electronic land certificates (e-certificates) within Indonesia’s national land administration system, while examining the concept of immutability the inability to alter data in the context of land law. It discusses the legal foundations, implementation processes, evidentiary strength, as well as technical and regulatory challenges, highlighting the potential of e-certificates as instruments that enhance legal certainty and security in the digital era of land administration. The digital transformation of Indonesia’s national land system introduces a significant innovation in the form of electronic land ownership certificates (e-certificates), aimed at improving efficiency, accountability, and legal certainty in land administration. This article critically examines the legal legitimacy, normative basis, and practical implications of implementing e-certificates within the framework of national land law, with a primary focus on the application of the principle of immutability, whereby data cannot be changed or manipulated without a legitimate audit trail. Using a normative juridical approach and empirical analysis based on primary data, this article identifies several implementation challenges including vulnerabilities in information systems, infrastructure gaps, suboptimal legal evidentiary mechanisms in court, and social resistance to the digitization of land ownership documents. The success of e-certificate implementation is highly dependent on data interoperability, resilient system design, and regulatory clarity regarding digital legal evidence. Digital transformation has become a national strategic agenda for bureaucratic modernization and improving public service quality, as outlined in Peraturan Presiden Nomor 95 Tahun 2018 on the Electronic-Based Government System (SPBE). One of the sectors undergoing accelerated digitalization is land administration, through the implementation of electronic certificates by the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (ATR/BPN), Peraturan Menteri ATR/BPN Nomor 3 Tahun 2023 concerning Electronic Documents. This initiative aims to create efficient, transparent, and integrated land registration services. However, the use of e-certificates as legal evidence of land rights presents both normative and practical challenges within the national legal system particularly regarding evidentiary strength, document legality, and data integrity and authentication safeguards. The effectiveness of e-certificate implementation depends on a legal system that is adaptive to technology, supported by a digital architecture that incorporates the principle of immutability through cryptographic technology, audit trails, and potential blockchain utilization. Thus, the certificate becomes not only an administrative tool but also a new foundation for the protection of agrarian rights in the digital era. These findings are relevant for policymakers, academics, and land practitioners in designing a modern, inclusive, and legally protective national land system.

MEMBANGUN LEGAL CAPABILITY UNTUK AKSES KEADILAN: ANALISIS TRANSFORMASI KESADARAN HUKUM MELALUI PROGRAM PENYULUHAN HOLISTIK DI TINGKAT DESA Surono, Agus; Hidayati, Maslihati Nur; Abdullah, Zaitun; Samosir, Tetti
Abdi Implementasi Pancasila:Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Vol 5 No 2 (2025): November
Publisher : Universitas Pancasila

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35814/tn609791

Penelitian ini menganalisis transformasi kesadaran hukum masyarakat dan keberlanjutan dampak program penyuluhan hukum terpadu berbasis intervensi komunitas di Desa Pasir Angin. Melalui pendekatan mixed-method yang mengintegrasikan studi kasus partisipatif dan pengukuran kuantitatif pre-test serta post-test, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi perubahan paradigma masyarakat dari penyelesaian sengketa berbasis adat menuju mekanisme formal-legal, sekaligus menguji efektivitas program dalam empat dimensi isu hukum utama: pertanahan, perlindungan data pribadi dan fintech, narkotika, serta hukum keluarga dan waris. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan rata-rata pemahaman hukum masyarakat dari 34 menjadi 78 poin, diiringi dengan pergeseran nilai normatif—seperti bergesernya preferensi masyarakat dari hukuman represif terhadap penyalahgunaan narkoba menuju pendekatan rehabilitatif. Program juga berhasil mendorong pembentukan spontan empat kelompok sadar hukum yang menunjukkan keberlanjutan internalisasi pengetahuan dan aksi kolektif, tanpa ketergantungan insentif eksternal. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi adanya “knowledge-action gap” di mana peningkatan pengetahuan tidak otomatis berimplikasi pada perubahan perilaku konkret akibat hambatan struktural, stigma sosial, serta keterbatasan akses dan infrastruktur. Rekomendasi utama meliputi integrasi pembangunan legal capability dalam setiap penyuluhan, pendampingan berkelanjutan, penguatan kelompok sadar hukum, desentralisasi dan digitalisasi layanan, serta harmonisasi nilai hukum adat dengan mekanisme formal. Studi ini menegaskan bahwa transformasi paradigma hukum di tingkat desa menuntut intervensi partisipatif, berkelanjutan, dan sistemik yang memberdayakan komunitas menuju akses keadilan yang nyata.

The Validity Justice: Immanuel Kant's Perspective in Court Decisions on Judicial Corruption (The Case of Sudrajad Dimyati) Pamungkas, Ery; Surono, Agus; Nur Hidayati, Maslihati
Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management
Publisher : Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59141/jrssem.v5i4.1200

Judicial corruption within the Indonesian judiciary represents a profound moral crisis that undermines public trust in legal institutions. This study examines the Bandung District Court Decision Number 23/Pid.Sus-TPK/2023/PN.Bdg against Sudrajad Dimyati, a Supreme Court justice convicted of bribery, through the lens of Immanuel Kant's moral philosophy. Rather than employing conventional legal-formal analysis, this research adopts a deontological ethical approach to evaluate whether the court's verdict fulfilled substantive justice principles. The research investigates two primary questions: (1) Whether the judicial decision satisfies Kantian principles of justice regarding universality, respect for dignity, moral autonomy, and procedural fairness; and (2) How Kant's moral philosophy can inform the development of judicial professional ethics codes in Indonesian courts. This qualitative investigation employs document analysis and philosophical content analysis of the case decision and relevant moral philosophy literature. Findings demonstrate that while the verdict adhered to formal positive law requirements, significant tensions emerged regarding consistency of legal precedent when the appellate court reduced sentences based on humanitarian grounds. Most critically, the institutional system has not yet internalized moral autonomy and universal ethical principles as foundational to judicial governance. This research concludes that implementing four Kantian principles—universality, respect for dignity, moral autonomy, and procedural justice—establishes essential foundations for deontological ethics-based institutional reform of the Indonesian judicial system.

Forgery of Authentic Instruments by Notaries and the Scope of Legal Liability Khadijah, Khadijah; Tarsono, Edi; Wuryandari, Utji Sri Wulan; Surono, Agus
Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kyadiren Vol 7 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kyadiren
Publisher : PPPM, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum (STIH) Biak-Papua

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46924/jihk.v7i2.421

The forgery of authentic deeds by notaries constitutes a serious legal issue with direct implications for legal certainty and public trust in the civil law system. As public officials, notaries are not only responsible for the formal accuracy of deeds but are also bound by a duty of care in verifying the identities and documents of the parties involved. This article examines the construction of notarial legal liability in cases of authentic deed forgery and the legal consequences arising from deeds executed on the basis of invalid document verification. Employing a normative legal approach, the study analyzes statutory regulations, legal doctrine, and judicial decisions, with particular emphasis on Bandung High Court Decision No. 73/Pid/2023/PT.BDG as a case study. The findings indicate that a notary’s failure to exercise due care, especially within the scope of official authority, may constitute fault giving rise to criminal, civil, and administrative liability. Authentic deeds prepared on the basis of invalid documentation may suffer a degradation of evidentiary value and may lead to the annulment of the legal acts embodied therein. The Bandung High Court decision affirms that the notary’s duty of care serves as a primary benchmark in assessing criminal liability, while also highlighting the need for clearer parameters to distinguish administrative negligence from criminal negligence in order to safeguard legal certainty.

Cultural Approach Based on Bhinneka Tunggal Ika in Horizontal Conflict Resolution Bahuri, Firli; Surono, Agus; Hamid, Adnan; Irwansyah, Irwansyah
Jurnal Lemhannas RI Vol 13 No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Lembaga Ketahanan Nasional Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55960/jlri.v13i4.1155

Purpose: This study aims to analyse the characteristics of horizontal conflict in Indonesia and evaluate the significance of a cultural approach based on Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (Unity in Diversity) for conflict resolution. This study also examines the contribution of a cultural approach to more effective, sustainable conflict resolution strategies, aligned with the Asta Gatra framework as a pillar of national resilience. Study Design/Methodology/Approach: This study uses an interpretivist-phenomenological philosophy with an empirical-inductive method and an archival study strategy to identify patterns of culture-based conflict resolution in various regions of Indonesia. The data were obtained through a literature review, document analysis, and stakeholder interviews and then analysed reductively to ensure links with the socio-cultural, ideological, and security dimensions of Asta Gatra. Findings: The research results indicate that a cultural approach based on Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (Unity in Diversity) has significant potential to reduce horizontal conflict and strengthen social cohesion. However, implementation limitations due to a lack of integration with policy, development, and the legal system require collaboration between the government, indigenous communities, and legal institutions as a key to national stability.

Criminal Liability For Ai-Based Cybercrime: Comparative Analysis Of Common Law And Civil Law Approaches Hidayati, Maslihati Nur; Surono, Agus; Pamungkas, Ery
Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): (JLPH) Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jlph.v6i2.2683

This study analyzes the fundamental differences between common law and civil law systems in responding to criminal liability for artificial intelligence-based cybercrime. The background of the study covers the significant escalation of crimes utilizing AI, with 87% of global organizations experiencing AI-based attacks in 2024, AI-based fraud losses predicted to reach $40 billion by 2027, and a 223% increase in the trade of deepfake tools on dark web forums. The main problem identified by the research is a critical paradox: as AI technology becomes increasingly sophisticated in facilitating cybercrime, the gap between existing legal regulations and operational realities in the field widens, allowing criminals to exploit ambiguities in accountability to avoid responsibility. The research methodology uses a qualitative comparative legal analysis approach through analysis of primary legal documents from both systems, with case studies in four jurisdictions: the United States and the United Kingdom for common law, and Germany and France for civil law, as well as the supranational framework of the EU AI Act. The results show that the common law system has developed three models of liability—perpetration-via-another, natural-probable-consequence liability, and direct liability—but still faces fundamental difficulties in attributing mens rea to AI systems that lack moral consciousness. In contrast, civil law systems adopt a provider-deployer approach with the mechanisms of Organisationsverschulden in Germany and responsabilité pénale in France, which allow for liability based on organizational negligence, although they often lag behind in responding to technological developments. This study concludes that a hybrid approach is needed that combines the clarity of civil law codification with the adaptive flexibility of common law, as well as cross-jurisdictional harmonization to overcome the challenges of law enforcement in an increasingly autonomous AI era.

Clinical Predictors of Hearing Preservation in Ménière Disease Aini, Fitria Waffi Nur; Bawono, Mahatma Sotya; Surono, Agus; Trihandoko, Feri
GALENICAL : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Mahasiswa Malikussaleh Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): GALENICAL : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Mahasiswa Malikussaleh - Februari 2
Publisher : Program Studi Kedokteran Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Hearing outcomes in Ménière disease are heterogeneous, ranging from prolonged fluctuation to irreversible decline and bilateral involvement. Because hearing level influences counselling and follow up planning, clinicians need practical predictors that are available from history taking and routine audiometry. This review summarises evidence published between 2016 and 2025 on clinical predictors associated with hearing preservation in Ménière disease. Across contemporary cohorts and meta analytic data, older age and longer disease duration are repeatedly associated with poorer hearing and a lower likelihood of maintaining serviceable thresholds. Baseline audiometry is the most actionable predictor, earlier stages and low frequency predominant loss show a greater probability of stable or improved thresholds with conservative management, while broader frequency involvement and early high frequency loss are linked to progression and increased risk of bilateral disease. Comorbid migraine and specific clinical phenotypes at onset have also been associated with bilateral involvement. Overall, age, disease duration, baseline stage, frequency pattern of loss, migraine history, and onset phenotypes form a framework for risk stratification and hearing follow up in Ménière disease.

Hak Ulayat sebagai Manifestasi Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah dalam Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam: Analisis Kasus Masyarakat Adat Dayak Kenyah di Kalimantan Timur Surono, Agus; Wenceslaus, Wenceslaus
Tasyri' : Journal of Islamic Law Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Tasyri'
Publisher : STAINI Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53038/tsyr.v4i2.422

This research departs from the paradox between the state's normative recognition of the rights of indigenous peoples and the reality of structural marginalization experienced by the Dayak Kenyah community in Pampang Village, East Kalimantan. Customary rights as a system of communal ownership have not only legal value, but also spiritual and ecological dimensions that are in line with the principles of maqāṣid al-sharī'ah, in particular ḥifẓ al-māl (protection of property) and ḥifẓ al-bi'ah (protection of the environment). This study uses a normative legal approach supported by qualitative case studies to analyze the relationship between customary law, national law, and Islamic law in natural resource governance. Data was collected through analysis of laws and regulations, court decisions, and interviews with traditional stakeholders. The results of the study show that there is an overlap of sectoral regulations, complicated bureaucracy for verification of customary rights, and the dominance of state economic interests that get rid of customary authorities. The analysis of maqāṣid al-sharī'ah shows that the recognition of customary rights is a tangible manifestation of social justice and ecological responsibility mandated by Islamic law. Therefore, strengthening customary institutions, harmonizing sectoral regulations, and implementing the principle of Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) are strategic steps towards fair, sustainable, and maqāṣid governance.

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