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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Chemistry JCRS (Journal of Community Research and Service) Indonesian Journal of Biological Pharmacy Abdimas Indonesian Journal Sevanam: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Panacea Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Natural Sciences Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan Jurnal Abdita Naturafarm Jurnal Riseta Naturafarm Jurnal Farmasi Galenika
Ibrahim, Arsyik
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Toxicity of Extracts and Fractions of Bangkal Leaves (Nauclea subdita (Korth.) Steud.) and Genjer (Limnocharis flava (L.) Buch) on the Bioindicator Artemia salina Leach Ibrahim, Arsyik; Salea, Sealti Puji; Windarti, Sri; Ramadhan, M. Rahmad; Rija'i, Hidfdzur Rashif; Arifuddin, M.; Rijai, Laode
Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Natural Sciences Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): J. Pharm. Nat. Sci.
Publisher : B-CRETA Publisher (CV. Borneo Citra Kreatama)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70392/jpns.v3i1.47

Abstract

A study was conducted on the secondary metabolite content and toxicity testing of Artemia salina leach larvae using extracts from Bangkal leaves (Nauclea subdita (Korth.) Steud.) and Genjer plants (Limnocharis flava (L.) Buch). The objective of this study is twofold: firstly, to ascertain the compounds present in Bangkal leaf extract and Genjer plant extract, and secondly, to assess the toxicity levels of the extracts and fractions from Bangkal leaves and Genjer plants on Artemia salina Leach larvae. In this study, the extraction method employed was maceration with 96% ethanol as the solvent. The crude 96% ethanol extract was fractionated in stages using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol solvents based on polarity levels. The toxicity testing was conducted using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method, with Artemia salina Leach larvae serving as the bioindicator. A range of test concentrations were utilised, with each concentration having three replicates. The mortality of Artemia salina was observed after a 24-hour period and was analysed using the Reed and Muench method to determine the LC50 value. The results of the study demonstrated that the secondary metabolites present in the 96% ethanol extract of bangkal leaves com-prised the following groups of compounds: steroids, and triterpenoids, phenols, quinones, and saponins. The toxicity test results of the bangkal leaf extract and fractions yielded LC50 values of 418.79 ppm for the 96% ethanol extract; 716.14 ppm for the n-hexane fraction; 263.03 ppm for the ethyl acetate fraction; and 70,79 ppm for the extract n-buthanol fraction. Meanwhile, the toxicity test results of the genjer plant extract and fractions obtained an LC50 value of 490.23 ppm for the 96% ethanol extract; n-hexane fraction 551.31 ppm; ethyl acetate fraction 425.01 ppm; and n-butanol fraction extract 46.02 ppm. These results indicate that the n-butanol fraction of bangkal leaves and genjer plants have stronger cytotoxic activity than other fraction extracts.
Co-Authors Agus Setiawaty Almaida, Maria Almeida, Maria Amanda, Rezti Anggreini, Putri Ardani, Ana Fauziyyah Rizqullah Arifian, Hanggara Arifin, Arfiani Arifin, Arfina Sukmawati Arifuddin, M Arifuddin, Muhammad Ariyanti, Syahida Azmi, Fatur Rahman Badawi, Satriani Baso Didik Hikmawan Bone, Mahfuzun Bulan, Adisty Sindi Chatarina Umbul Wahyuni Erwin Samsul Fadraersada, Jaka Fahrul Rozi Farah, Harra Ismi Farid, Riza Farrah, Harra Ismi Febrina, Lizma FITRIANI, VICTORIA YULITA Herman Herman Herman Irwansyah Irwansyah Islamudin Ahmad Islamudin Ahmad ISWAHYUDI ISWAHYUDI Junaidin, Junaidin khusnul khotimah Laode Rijai Lizma Febrina M. Arifuddin M. Arifuddin, M. Maharani, Dhea Nur Fadillah Muhammad Faisal Mus, Nurul Muhlisa Nur, Tajuddin Nurfitri Nurfitri, Nurfitri Nurmala, Otsuka Khaera Olivia Siregar, Vita Pamungkas, Barolym Tri Pasaribu, Handayani Permana, Mutia Ramadhani Rose Ramadhan, M. Rahmad Rashif Rijai, Hifdzur Rezky Khairun Nisaa, Nur Ridhotulloh, Yusuf Isro Rija'i, Hidfdzur Rashif Rija'i, Hifdzur Rashif Rijai, Hifdzur Rashif Rija’i, Hifdzur Rashif Riki RIKI RIKI, RIKI Rolan Rusli Rosalia, Sheilla Rusman, Arman Salam, Supriatno Salea, Sealti Puji Sari, Indah Dewi Sinthary, Venna Sulistyarini, Riski Supriatno Windarti, Sri WISNU PRABOWO Yulita, Victoria