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Molecular Docking Analysis Of Phenolic and Flavonoid Compounds from Eichhornia Crassipes for Antidiabetic Activity Through Interaction with PPAR- γ (5Y2O) and A-Glucosidase (3TOP) Muslimawati, Khoirunnisa; Fakih, Taufik Muhammad; Akbar, Nabila Hadiah; Putra, Aditya Maulana Perdana; Isnani, Nazhipah
Jurnal Pharmascience Vol 12, No 2 (2025): Jurnal Pharmascience
Publisher : Program Studi Farmasi FMIPA Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jps.v12i2.23583

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 (DMT2), ditandai dengan resistensi insulin dan hiperglikemia. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi potensi 30 senyawa golongan fenolik dan flavonoid dari Eichhornia crassipes sebagai agen antidiabetes melalui studi in silico, meliputi uji toksisitas (ToxTree 3.1.0, ProTox 3), analisis ADME (SwissADME), dan molecular docking (AutoDock 4.2.6). Struktur ligan uji diperoleh dari PubChem, sedangkan reseptor PPAR-γ (PDB ID: 5Y2O) dan α-Glukosidase (PDB ID: 3TOP) diunduh dari RCSB Protein Data Bank. Sebelum docking, analisis toksisitas dan ADME dilakukan. Hasil docking menunjukkan Tricin (flavonoid) berinteraksi baik dengan kedua reseptor dan memiliki nilai energi Gibbs -7.53 kcal/mol untuk PPAR-γ dan -5.19 kcal/mol untuk α-Glukosidase, mendekati ligan asli Pioglitazone (-10.03 kcal/mol) dan Acarbose (-6.86 kcal/mol). Interaksi ligan-reseptor Tricin melibatkan ikatan hidrogen dan kontak hidrofobik dengan residu kunci (misalnya, ARG288 dan TYR pada PPAR- γ, residu GLN1561 dan GLN1372 pada α-Glukosidase), mencerminkan interaksi ligan asli. Prediksi toksisitas mengklasifikasikan Tricin sebagai senyawa dengan risiko toksisitas rendah (Cramer Rules Kelas I, Kroes TTC). Selanjutnya, evaluasi ADME menunjukkan bahwa Tricin memenuhi Lipinski's Rule of Five, yang mengindikasikan penyerapan dan bioavailabilitas oral yang baik. Secara keseluruhan, senyawa Tricin dari E. crassipes menunjukkan potensi signifikan sebagai kandidat agen antidiabetes melalui penghambatan PPAR-γ dan α-Glukosidase yang selanjutnya memerlukan validasi dnegan pengujian in vitro dan in vivo. Kata Kunci: Eichhornia crassipes, Molecular Docking, Antidiabetic, PPAR-γ, α-Glucosidase Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), is characterized by insulin resistance and persistent hyperglycemia. This study investigated the antidiabetic potential of 30 phenolic and flavonoid compounds derived from Eichhornia crassipes using in silico approaches, including toxicity assessments (ToxTree 3.1.0, ProTox 3), ADME analysis (SwissADME), and molecular docking (AutoDock 4.2.6). Ligand structures were retrieved from PubChem, while PPAR-γ (5Y2O) and α-Glucosidase (3TOP) receptors were obtained from the RCSB Protein Data Bank. Toxicity and ADME analyses were conducted prior to molecular docking, which employed the Genetic Algorithm with 50 conformations. Docking results revealed that Tricin (a flavonoid) exhibited strong interactions with both receptors, with Gibbs free energy values of -7.53 kcal/mol for PPAR-γ and -5.19 kcal/mol for α-Glucosidase. These values are comparable to those of the native ligands Pioglitazone (-10.03 kcal/mol) and Acarbose (-6.86 kcal/mol). Tricin formed hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic contacts with key active site residues including, ARG288 and TYR327 in PPAR-γ, GLN1561 and GLN1372 in α-Glucosidase), mirroring the interactions of the native ligands. Toxicity predictions classified Tricin as low risk (Class I Cramer Rules, Kroes TTC). Furthermore, ADME evaluation showed that Tricin (aglycone) is fully compliant with Lipinski's Rule of Five, suggesting favorable properties for oral absorption and bioavailability. In conclusion, Tricin from E. crassipes demonstrates significant potential as an antidiabetic candidate and warrants further in vitro and in vivo validation.
Molecular Docking Senyawa Kuersetin sebagai Kandidat Antikanker Paru terhadap Target EGFR Izdihar Arief, Imtiyaz; Fakih, Taufik Muhammad; Yuniarta, Tegar Achsendo
Jurnal Riset Farmasi Volume 5, No. 2, Desember 2025, Jurnal Riset Farmasi (JRF)
Publisher : UPT Publikasi Ilmiah Unisba

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/jrf.v5i2.8275

Abstract

Abstract. Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. One promising therapeutic target in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). Quercetin, a flavonoid compound naturally found in various plants, is known for its potential anticancer activity. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of quercetin as an EGFR inhibitor using a molecular docking approach. The EGFR protein structure (PDB ID: 4I23) was obtained from the Protein Data Bank and prepared using BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer. Docking validation was performed through redocking, resulting in an RMSD value of 1.012 Å, indicating a valid docking protocol. The docking results showed a binding affinity of –7.45 kcal/mol and an inhibition constant (Ki) of 3.46 µM. Quercetin formed hydrogen bonds with residues THR790, GLN791, MET793, and GLU762, as well as hydrophobic interactions with LEU718, ALA743, VAL726, LYS745, and LEU844. These findings indicate that quercetin exhibits favorable binding affinity and complex stability with EGFR, supporting its potential as a molecular inhibitor. This study provides a scientific basis for further development of quercetin as a natural anticancer agent. Abstrak. Kanker paru masih menjadi penyebab utama kematian akibat kanker secara global. Salah satu target terapi yang menjanjikan dalam kanker paru non-sel kecil (NSCLC) adalah Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). Kuersetin, senyawa flavonoid yang ditemukan secara alami dalam berbagai tanaman, diketahui memiliki aktivitas antikanker yang potensial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi potensi kuersetin sebagai inhibitor EGFR melalui pendekatan molecular docking. Struktur protein EGFR (PDB ID: 4I23) diperoleh dari Protein Data Bank dan dipreparasi menggunakan BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer. Validasi metode docking dilakukan melalui proses redocking, menghasilkan nilai RMSD sebesar 1,012 Å yang menunjukkan bahwa metode yang digunakan valid. Hasil docking menunjukkan nilai binding affinity sebesar –7,45 kcal/mol dan konstanta inhibisi (Ki) sebesar 3,46 µM. Kuersetin membentuk ikatan hidrogen dengan residu THR790, GLN791, MET793, dan GLU762, serta interaksi hidrofobik dengan LEU718, ALA743, VAL726, LYS745, dan LEU844. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa kuersetin memiliki afinitas pengikatan dan stabilitas kompleks yang baik terhadap EGFR, mendukung potensinya sebagai kandidat inhibitor molekuler. Penelitian ini memberikan dasar ilmiah untuk pengembangan lanjutan kuersetin sebagai agen antikanker berbasis bahan alam.
In Silico Activity Identification of Cyclo Peptide Alkaloids from Zizyphus Spina-Christi Species Against Sars-Cov-2 Main Protease Fakih, Taufik Muhammad; Ramadhan, Dwi Syah Fitra; Darusman, Fitrianti
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 6 No 1 (2021): May
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v6i1.10603

Abstract

The COVID-19 has spread worldwide and become an international pandemic. The promising target for drug discovery of COVID-19 was SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (Mpro), that has been successfully crystallized along with its inhibitor. The discovery of peptide-based inhibitors may present better options than small molecules for inhibitor SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Natural compounds have such a wide potential and still few explored, Zizyphus spina-christi is one of the medicinal plants that have many pharmacological activities and contains a peptide compound from alkaloids class, i.e. cyclopeptide alkaloids, that is interesting to explore as SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor. The compound structure was drawn and optimized using density functional theory 3-21G method. The protein chosen was the high resolution of SARS-CoV-2 MPro receptor (1.45 Å) with PDB ID: 6WNP, in complex with boceprevir. Molecular docking simulation was performed using Autodock4 with 100 numbers of GA run, the validation methods assessed by RMSD calculation. Furthermore, the prediction of pharmacological activity spectra was carried out using the PASS Prediction server. The results showed RMSD value was 1.98 Å, this docking method was valid. The binding energy of all compounds showed better results than the native ligand (Boceprevir). The in silico PASS prediction results indicated that all compounds showed antiviral activity. Some compounds showed protease inhibitory activity, i.e Ambiphibine-H, Franganine, and Mauritine-A, and the highest Pa (Predicted activity) value showed by Mauritine-A compounds. It can be concluded that the cyclopeptide compounds of Zizyphus spina-christi were indicated to have a potential as COVID-19 therapy targeting SARS-CoV-2 Mpro.
Co-Authors Adryan Fristiohady Akbar, Nabila Hadiah Akmal Syihabuddin Aksar, M Aldhiya Nurshafa Huwaida Alivia Dyanira Anggi Arumsari Annisa Fitriyani Suryana Annisa Meilani Annisa Meilani Annisa Rahmah Furqaani Arfan Arfan Arini Nabila Putri Asikin, Asyhari Aulia Fikri Hidayat Az-zahra, Dhea Khairunnisa Bambang Tri Laksono Bertha Rusdi Budi P Soewondo Budi Prabowo Soewondo Budiana, Wempi Candra Hermawan Choesrina, Ratu Dewi, Mentari Luthfika Dewi, Mentari Luthfika Diar Herawati Dina Mulyanti Dina Mulyanti Dita Anggun Novianta Dwi Syah Fitra Ramadhan Eky Syahroni Fajarwati, Kania Faqih Radina Farendina Suarantika Fetri Lestari Fetri Lestari Firda Aulia Jannati Firliani Dwiputri Fitrianti Darusman Galand Febrial Akbar Gina Fuji Nurfarida Gita Cahya Eka Darma Hakim, Supartina Hilal Faturohman Hilda Aprilia, Hilda Indraswari, Ni Luh Astri Ingka Mardiana Putri Ismet Muchtar Nur Izdihar Arief, Imtiyaz Jilan Salsabila Auliya Putri Julia Hartati Khoirunnisa Muslimawati Latifa Hana Silfadani Lina Jamilah Liza Dzulhijjah Mardiana, Neng Dian Marillia, Viola Meike Rachmawati Mentari Luthfika Dewi Mentari Luthfika Dewi Meta Maulida Damayanti Muhamad Akbar Dirgana Muhammad Fillah Nabila Shofura Mahardhika Nadhifah Mauludia Rinaldie Nandhy Agustian Luca Pratama Nawang Wulan Rachmatillah Prastowo Putri Nazhipah Isnani Nisa Neli Aunillah Nurfadillah Hazar Nurisyah, Nurisyah Nuzulfikri, Rizki Prayitno, Robby Putra, Aditya Maulana Perdana Putri, Nawang Wulan Rachmatillah Prastowo R. Rusli Radina, Faqih Ratu Choesrina Resty Imfyani Sofyan Ridwan Wijaya RISA NURRAHWANI Rizki Nuzulfikri rizkita, aden Rizkita, Aden Dhana Robby Prayitno Robby Prayitno Rohayah Rohayah Rusli Rusli Salsabilla Wijaya Sani Ega Priani Sari, Ajeng Kartika Sellygani Budi Vaelani Siddiq, Tita Barriah Sintia Ayu Dewi Sintya Suherlan Siti Ainun Rohaniah Siti Hardianti Siti Nurlita Permana Sonia alivia putri Syahrizal Nazala Syahroni, Eky Sylvie Kurniasih Tanisa Maghfira Syarza Tegar Achsendo Yuniarta Tegar Achsendo Yuniarta Tegar Achsendo Yuniarta Teti Sofia Yanti Thias Najminuri Trully Nouval Larasati Vinda Maharani Patricia Viola Marillia Vivi Amalia Dwi Pratiwi Wijaya, Salsabilla Wisnuwardhani, Hilda Aprilia