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Mahendika, Devin
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Journal : SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal

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Effectiveness of Robot-Assisted Gait Training on Gait and Gross Motor Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy : A Literature Review Mahendika, Devin
SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/scripta.v7i2.23159

Abstract

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) causes motor impairments in children, including abnormal gait, muscle weakness, spasticity, and poor balance. Robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) provides intensive, repetitive gait practice using wearable exoskeletons or treadmill-based systems to promote neuroplasticity, but its effectiveness remains debated. Objectives: To review recent evidence on RAGT effectiveness in children with CP, comparing wearable and tethered systems and their effects on gait, balance, and gross motor function. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus (last 5 years). Experimental studies (including RCTs), observational studies, and reviews on RAGT in pediatric CP were selected and narratively synthesized. Results: Recent trials report that wearable RAGT improves Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) scores and balance compared to conventional therapy. In contrast, meta-analyses indicate that tethered treadmill-based RAGT does not significantly improve walking speed or distance over standard therapy. Wearable systems using assist-as-needed control allow adaptive overground gait training with more natural sensory feedback, whereas trajectory-controlled devices impose fixed gait patterns. Conclusion: Wearable RAGT with adaptive assistance appears effective in enhancing walking ability, balance, and gross motor function in children with CP, while tethered systems show limited additional benefit. RAGT should be applied as a complementary intervention with individualized protocols. Further research is needed to evaluate long-term outcomes. Keyword: Assist-as-needed, Cerebral Palsy, Exoskeleton, Robot-Assisted Gait Training, Wearable Exoskeleton Latar Belakang: Menelaah bukti terkini efektivitas RAGT pada anak CP, termasuk perbandingan sistem wearable vs tethered, dampaknya pada pola berjalan, keseimbangan, dan motorik kasar, serta mode kendali (assist-as-needed vs trajectory-controlled) dan intensitas latihan. Tujuan: Menelaah bukti terkini efektivitas RAGT pada anak CP, termasuk perbandingan sistem wearable vs tethered, dampaknya pada pola berjalan, keseimbangan, dan motorik kasar, serta mode kendali (assist-as-needed vs trajectory-controlled) dan intensitas latihan. Metode: Pencarian literatur dilakukan di PubMed dan Scopus (5 tahun terakhir) menggunakan kata kunci RAGT dan CP anak. Studi eksperimental, observasional, dan ulasan yang relevan dipilih dan disintesis secara naratif. Hasil: Studi terbaru menunjukkan RAGT wearable meningkatkan skor GMFM (berdiri/jalan/berlari) dan keseimbangan anak CP lebih signifikan dibanding terapi konvensional. Sebaliknya, meta-analisis RAGT tethered di treadmill menunjukkan tidak ada peningkatan signifikan pada kecepatan atau jarak berjalan dibanding kontrol. Eksoskeleton wearable assist-as-needed memberikan latihan berjalan adaptif dengan umpan balik sensorik fisiologis, sedangkan sistem trajectory-controlled memaksakan pola berjalan kaku. Simpulan: Bukti mendukung bahwa RAGT wearable efektif meningkatkan fungsi berjalan, keseimbangan, dan motorik kasar anak CP, dengan kontrol assist-as-needed sebagai faktor kunci. RAGT tethered belum terbukti lebih unggul dari terapi konvensional. Penggunaan RAGT direkomendasikan sebagai pelengkap terapi konvensional dengan protokol latihan terpersonalisasi. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan untuk mengevaluasi efek jangka panjang dan optimasi desain eksoskeleton bagi anak CP. Keyword: Anak Cerebral Palsy, Eksoskeleton, Intensitas Latihan, Latihan Berjalan, Rehabilitasi Robotik
Co-Authors Agus Supinganto Ainun Jariyah Ajeng Wijayanti, Lumastari Aji, Lexi Jalu Ali Imran Amir, Hasbiyah Srianah Amjad Salong Anjar Briliannita Anshar Rante Ardah, Fenni Kurniawati Ardiana Batubara Aris, Muhammad Asyura, Muhammad Mikail Athif Zhafir Ayu, Risna Aziz, Syahrul Abdul Cahya, Mochamad Robby Fajar Couteau, Joseph Izmardha Deasy Ovi Harsachatri Dian Mutiasari, Dian Dintya Ivantarina Dito Anurogo, Dito Djafar, Tanwir Fachry Abda El Rahman Fathimah, Nurul Fredy Saputra, M Khalid Gaol, Christine Lumban GONSALVES, DOMINGGOS Guilin, Xie Halim, Kurnia Heryanda, Mahfuzhoh Fadillah Hirowati Ali, Hirowati Indriani, Farihah Julita, Ema Kurniawati Kurniawati Leli, Leli lidia fitri, lidia Mado, Juenita Elfunam Mahoklory, Serly Sani Maria M. Dwi Wahyuni Megasari, Anis Laela Minarti Minarti Mudhofar, Muhamad Nor Muhamad Risal Tawil Muhammad Arif Mustari, Sahdan Naim, Hardianti Natalie, Regina Yoantika Ni Putu Juliani Lestari Dewi Ningsih, Warti Noor Aziz, Noor Noorma, Nilam Nur Afifah Harahap Pakpahan, Binsar Maruli Tua Pannyiwi, Rahmat Pella, Yosin Herloheti Prabu Aji, Sulistyani Prihartini, Surya R, Cakrawati Raehan, Raehan Rahagia, Rasi Rahmah, Lestari Rahmat, Rezqiqah Aulia Rahmawati, Agustini Liviana Dwi Rais, Rinovian Rosalina, Linda Rosdiana Rosdiana Saad, Rahmiyani Sabriana, Riska Sarbiah, Andi Sari, Ponco Indah Arista Siti Noor Aini Sri Handajani Supriatin Supriatin, Supriatin Suria Saputri, Nurul Aini Surya, Sara Tasripin, Mellysa Wulandari Umar, Ernawati Universitas Nurul Hasanah Kutacane, Siska Putri Utama, Risma Putri Utomo, Winno Pradana Vira, Patricya Wardani, Novia Wahyu Warihan Unok Wawan Kurniawan Weraman, Pius Xu, Shanshan yuliani, meda Yulita, Hendra Yunita, Lina Yunitasari, Veronika Yustanta, Brivian Florentis