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Journal : Automotive Experiences

Aerodynamic Approach to Two-Passenger City Car Design: A Study of Square Back and Compact Shapes Putra, Randi Purnama; Yuvenda, Dori; Lapisa, Remon; Afnison, Wanda; Milana, Milana; Setiawan, M. Yasep; Arif, Ahmad; Harmanto, Dani
Automotive Experiences Vol 8 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.13686

Abstract

The development of lightweight electric cars for urban mobility requires efficient aerodynamic design without sacrificing space efficiency. This study presents a novel method by investigating the combination of a two-seater city car's compact dimensions and square back shape, which has not been extensively researched for low- to medium-velocity vehicles. This study's objective is to assess the design's aerodynamic performance using numerical simulations using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach. The vehicle model is designed with a compact body and square back, which is commonly used in small vehicles with high maneuverability requirements. The simulations are conducted at three different air velocity levels: 10, 20, and 30 m/s. The results of the study showed an increase in the value of the drag coefficient (Cd) along with an increase in flow velocity. At a velocity of 10 m/s, the Cd value was recorded at 0.4536. When the velocity increased to 20 m/s, the drag coefficient increased slightly to 0.4563. Further increases in velocity to 30 m/s resulted in a Cd value of 0.4581. This Cd value shows the consistency of aerodynamic performance with increasing velocity, with fluctuations that remain within the efficiency limits of lightweight vehicles. The pressure distribution contour shows high-pressure accumulation at the front and low pressure at the rear of the vehicle, which generates large turbulent wakes in the rear area and contributes to increased drag. These findings indicate that the square rear body design faces significant aerodynamic challenges. Therefore, design strategies such as adding a rear spoiler, using a rear diffuser, and optimizing the rear body angle are suggested as potential solutions to improve flow efficiency.
Co-Authors Abdul Wahid Abror, Rahmel Linda Achmad Ridwan, Achmad Ahmad Faisal Alvia, Nandita Amalia, Endang Amini, Sri Aisyah Amri, Azizul Apriliani, Putri Eka Ariadi, Mhd. Fajar Ariddha Zikra Syah Arie Anggraini Arif Milando Setiawan Asni, Idrus Baharudin, Agus Baringbing, Eva Prilelli Bina Aquari Br Simanungkalit, Meliana Burtian, Intan Dedi Setiawan Desi Fitriani Dewi ANGGRAENI Doni saputra Donny Fernandez Dori Yuvenda Dwi Sudarno Putra Dwi Sudarno Putra Dwiyani, Nurindah edy susanto eka rahmawati Eka Rahmawati Fauzil, Achmad Fawwaz Naufal FIKA MINATA WATHAN Harmanto, Dani Hasan , Izhar Hasan Maksum Hendra Dani Hendra Dani Saputra Hwihanus Ikhwan Fahmi, Muhammad Indah Rezkika, Sri Inna Kholidasari Intan Sari Iskandar Syah Jheri Hermanto Jhoni Hidayat Kana Azhara M. Yasep Setiawan Mahendra Wisnu W Maksmum, Hasan Maria Yovita R Pandin Martias Martias Martias MERISA RISKI Meta Anggraini Milana Milana Muhammad Fadlan Siregar Muhammad Farhan Nuzul Hidayat, Nuzul Okvianda, Wendika Othman, M.A. Purwanto, Wawan Putra, Guntur Maha Putra, Randi Purnama Rahayu, Maya Sri Ratna Dewi Reffi Dhamayanti Remon Lapisa Ridwal Trisoni Rizal, Syafrizal Rizki Muji Lestari, Rizki Muji Rizki, Mhd. Fahmi Syawali Roni Sandra Sabda Wahab samsul arifin Santosa, Agus Iwan Saputra, Riko Sartika SENDY PRATIWI RAHMADHANI Setiawan, M.Yasep Siti Aisyah Sri Indah Rezkika Sugiarto, Toto Sugiarto, Toto Suhelmi, Ifan Ridlo Suhendro Sosro JK Sulianta, Feri Sumantri, Willy Suparman Arif Syawali Rizki, Mhd Fahmi Triyono Triyono WAGINO Wahyu Ernawati Wanda Afnison Widyatna, Ariyanta Dany Yoga Tri Nugraha Yukofani, Salsabila Yuliani Yuliani Yuniarti Yuniarti Zahrul Ulum Zuitasari, Andini Zulmuqim Zulmuqim, Zulmuqim