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Management of Cocoa Plant Pests & Diseases in East Luwu Regency Nurhikmah Mutmainna Sari; Abdul Munif; Widodo; Agus Purwantara
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 30 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18343/jipi.30.1.177

Abstract

East Luwu Regency is one of South Sulawesi's regencies with potential in the plantation sector, especially cocoa plants, with a production of 12,250 tons/year. Cocoa productivity has yet to be achieved optimally due to the lack of care and maintenance carried out by farmers, which increases the intensity of pest & disease attacks. This study evaluates farmers' knowledge, attitudes, and actions in managing cocoa plants and plant pathogens in East Luwu Regency. This study was conducted through direct interviews using a structured questionnaire sent to 50 farmers in Burau and Wotu Districts, East Luwu Regency. Respondents were selected purposively, considering that they were easy to find and the location of the plantation was easy to reach. Data are presented in tabular, graphical, and descriptive forms in Microsoft Excel to explain the relationship between farmers' knowledge, attitudes, and actions in managing cocoa VSD disease. The results showed that most of the respondent were active farmer groups. Pests & diseases are problems farmers face in cocoa cultivation. Most farmers used the MCC 02 clone, and the planting distance was 3´3 m. The diseases most commonly found in farmers' cocoa fields include VSD, fruit rot, upas fungus, and stem cancer. Pest & disease control was done through chemical pesticides and pruning (cultivation techniques). Cocoa farmers in Burau and Wotu Districts routinely carry out pruning to control disease in cocoa fields. Farmers prune cocoa plants to remove diseased branches and stimulate the growth of flowers and fruit. Keywords: action, attitude, knowledge, questionnaire
Nematode communities in irrigated and rainfed rice fields in Sukabumi Regency, West Java Abdul Munif; Della Sitanggang; Fatimatuzzahroh Fatimatuzzahroh; Muhammad Mirsodi; Amelia Kusumawardhani; Nurul Fitria Indiyanti
Agrovigor Vol 18, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/agrovigor.v18i2.30451

Abstract

Parasitic nematodes are among the most important constraints in rice cultivation, yet information on their community structure in Sukabumi, West Java, remains limited. Understanding nematode ecology in this region is essential to develop sustainable management practices, particularly given the dominance of rice monoculture and the contrasting water management systems between irrigated and rainfed fields. This study aimed to characterize nematode diversity and community composition in both ecosystems and to assess their potential implications for agroecosystem health. Soil and root samples were collected from irrigated and rainfed rice fields, and nematodes were extracted using standard methods before identification to the genus level. Ecological indices were calculated to evaluate community structure. The results revealed relatively low diversity (H’ = 0.71–0.94), low evenness (E = 0.52–0.61), and high dominance (C = 0.42–0.58). Irrigated fields supported a greater number of genera but were strongly dominated by Meloidogyne, reflecting the favorable conditions of constant flooding for root-knot nematodes. In contrast, rainfed fields contained fewer taxa but showed marked dominance of Criconemella, a genus more tolerant to soil compaction and moisture fluctuations. These differences demonstrate that intensification and water regimes significantly influence nematode assemblages, leading to distinct ecological patterns and potential risks for rice production. Nematode communities in Sukabumi are characterized by low diversity and high dominance of parasitic genera, which may undermine soil health and long-term productivity. Nematodes found in both irrigated and rainfed fields exhibited low diversity, low evenness, and high dominance. The nematodes identified in irrigated rice fields included genus Helicotylenchus, Rhabditis, Meloidogyne, Hirschmanniella, Tylenchorhynchus, Pratylenchus, and Aphelenchoides. Nematodes found in rainfed rice fields included Meloidogyne, Hirschmanniella, and Criconemella. Meloidogyne spp. was one of the dominant nematodes found in both root and soil samples across various rice cultivation types and locations. These findings highlight the urgent need for integrated nematode management strategies, including resistant varieties, organic amendments, crop rotation, and biological control agents, to sustain rice agroecosystems and secure food production in West Java
The potential of endophytic bacteria isolated from Tagetes sp. to control Meloidogyne spp. infection on tomato plants Abdul Munif; Muhammad Nursalim; Ankardiansyah Pandu Pradana
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 6 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220626

Abstract

Abstract. Munif A, Nursalim M, Pradana AP. 2021. The potential of endophytic bacteria isolated from Tagetes sp. to control Meloidogyne spp. infection on tomato plants. Biodiversitas 22: 3229-3236. The root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) is one of the plant-parasitic nematodes that cause economical loss in the vegetable plantations in the world. The endophytic bacteria may act as a potential biological agent to control the plant-parasitic nematodes. The aim of this study was to explore the endophytic bacteria from Tagetes sp., which had a potential to control Meloidogyne spp. and act as growth promoter for tomato plants. The endophytic bacteria were isolated from the roots and stems of Tagetes sp. and tissues were cultured on the tryptic soy agar (TSA) media. The endophytic bacterial isolates were selected using hypersensitive and blood agar tests to identify their biological safety. The selected endophytic bacteria were also assessed for growth promoter test in the tomato plants. The selected endophytic bacteria were assessed in vitro against the Meloidogyne spp. juvenile 2 and their effectiveness in suppressing the root-knot nematodes on tomato plants in greenhouse. The results showed that total of 184 endophytic bacterial isolates were successfully isolated from the roots and stem of Tagetes sp. In hypersensitive and hemolytic tests, 78 and 36 isolates showed negative responses, respectively. Of the 36 isolates tested, it was found that 14 of them were able to promote the growth of tomato seedlings. In in vitro test, 14 endophytic bacteria showed 73-93% mortality rate of Meloidogyne spp J2. The results at greenhouse showed that 3 bacterial isolates, namely, AL21, AL44, and AL53 suppress the number of root-knot nematodes up to 50-74% and improve tomato plant growth by 32%. These results indicate that endophytic bacteria isolated from Tagetes sp. have the potential to act as biocontrol agents of parasitic nematodes and a plant growth promoter.
Diversity of phyllospheric Actinomycetes in Liliaceae plants and their potential as growth inhibitors of Alternaria porri CHEPPY WATI; ABDJAD ASIH NAWANGSIH; ARIS TRI WAHYUDI; SURYO WIYONO; ABDUL MUNIF
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241003

Abstract

Abstract. Wati C, Nawangsih AA, Wahyudi AT, Wiyono S, Munif A. 2023. Diversity of phyllospheric Actinomycetes in Liliaceae plants and their potential as growth inhibitors of Alternaria porri. Biodiversitas 24: 5234-5242. Actinomycetes are microorganisms belonging to a group of Gram-positive bacteria, that have the potential to act as biological control agents against various plant pathogens. Phyllospheric Actinomycetes particularly, can inhibit growth of various microorganisms, such as the fungus Alternaria porri Ell. Cif., which causes purple blotch disease in the shallot plants. These microbes thrive on the surface of leaves, particularly in plants belonging to Liliaceae family. Environmental conditions have been proven to greatly affect their diversity. Present investigation aims to determine diversity of phyllospheric Actinomycetes from Liliaceae plants and their potential to inhibit growth of A. porri. The methods used were to investigate, characterize, and quantify isolates from Liliaceae plants. An antagonistic test was conducted on the isolates to examine the proportion of A. porri fungus growth inhibition. The results showed that plants species Allium fistulosum and A. tuberosum were the most common hosts for phyllospheric actinomycetes. Morphological differences were found in shape, color, elevation, edges, surface, and hyphae size, as well as the type of spore violation. The surface texture of colonies was smooth, rough, powdery, and opaque, usually appearing after 7-12 days of isolation. The isolates also inhibited growth of A. porri, causing the mycelium thins, and a clear zone of inhibition between pathogens and Actinomycetes forms. Isolates BCW9 caused the highest suppression of fungus growth 57.78%. This study is the first experiment to evaluate the diversity of phyllosphere Actinomycetes from Liliaceae plants, which are able to control purple blotch disease caused by A. porri in Indonesia. The phyllospheric Actinomycetes were isolated from the same habitat of A. porri. These investigation show the prospect of phyllospheric Actinomycetes as biocontrol agents against another fungal diseases on leaves of another plants.
Variation in symptoms and morphology of Fusarium spp. on shallot associated with basal plate rot disease in Brebes District, Central Java Province, Indonesia LISA MARIANAH; ABDJAD ASIH NAWANGSIH; ABDUL MUNIF; GIYANTO GIYANTO; EFI TODING TONDOK
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250538

Abstract

Abstract. Marianah L, Nawangsih AA, Munif A, Giyanto, Tondok ET. 2024. Variation in symptoms and morphology of Fusarium spp. on shallot associated with basal plate rot disease in Brebes District, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2198-2208. Basal plate rot disease is an important disease of shallots that causes losses in the field and storage. The disease is caused by Fusarium complex species, with different levels of virulence and host susceptibility. The six species of Fusarium spp. reported to cause basal plate rot disease of onion were F. oxysporum f.sp. cepae, F. proliferatum, F. redolens, F. solani, F. acutatum and F. tricinctum. Information about the variation in symptoms and morphology of fungi that cause basal plate rot disease on shallots, especially in Indonesia, is still very limited. Besides, the species that cause basal plate rot disease on shallots has not been molecularly confirmed using specific primers. The objective of this study was to isolate, identify, and study the variation in symptoms of the fungus associated with basal plate rot disease. The fungi were isolated from shallot plants symptomatic of basal plate rot disease collected from Brebes, Central Java Province. Eight isolates of Fusarium with different morphologies were successfully isolated and identified. Five isolates were identified as F. solani (isolate BC1, BC2, BC3, BBS1, and BBS4), two isolates as F. oxysporum f.sp. cepae (isolate BC4 and BBS6) and one isolate F. proliferatum (isolate BBS5). All eight isolates were pathogenic on shallots with different levels of virulence and symptom variations. BC4 isolate had the highest level of virulence, resulting in plant death, and was identified as F. oxysporum f.sp. cepae.
Tolerance of rhizospheric and endophytic microbes to pesticide residues and their potential for rice growth ERYNA ELFASARI RANGKUTI; ALINA AKHDIYA; ABDUL MUNIF; ISKANDAR ZULKARNAEN SIREGAR; SYAIFUL ANWAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261040

Abstract

Abstract. Rangkuti EE, Akhdiya A, Munif A, Siregar IZ, Anwar S. 2025. Tolerance of rhizospheric and endophytic microbes to pesticide residues and their potential for rice growth. Biodiversitas 26: 5267-5276. Rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria are recognized for their ability to enhance plant growth by producing hormones and acting as biocontrol agents. Therefore, this study aimed to identify potential rhizosphere and endophytic bacteria tolerant to three pesticide-active substances. Based on the antagonistic activity against Rhizoctonia solani, Bacillus sp. and Bacillus siamensis isolates achieved the highest inhibitory activities of 81.13 % and 78.55 %, respectively. Bacillus sp., B. siamensis, Acinetobacter radioresistens, and Providencia vermicola were able to solubilize phosphate. Production of Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) was confirmed in Bacillus sp., Bacillus toyonensis, and Acinetobacter radioresistens, and all isolates also possessed the ability to fix nitrogen (N). Based on these parameters, Bacillus sp. and B. siamensis were selected for further analysis. The results showed that Bacillus sp. isolates supported rice seed tolerance to herbicides and insecticides in the range of 5-10 ppm and improved growth in the presence of difenoconazole and glyphosate at 10 ppm. Meanwhile, B. siamensis was tolerant to fungicides in the 5-10 ppm range. None of the selected isolates showed reduced growth after 24 h of incubation in the tolerance test for pesticide contamination. Observably, Bacillus sp. isolate treated with fipronil (5 ppm) was better than the control. It also matched the performance of the control treated with difenoconazole at 5 ppm. These suggested that the selected isolates improved rice growth and tolerance to the active ingredients of the pesticides, contributing to sustainable cultivation practices.
The IDENTIFIKASI CENDAWAN PATOGEN PENYEBAB BERCAK DAN HAWAR DAUN JABON PUTIH (Anthocephalus cadamba) ASAL BOGOR Elis Nina Herliyana; Hasan Basri; Yeni Herdiyeni; Abdul Munif; Prayogo Probo Asmoro; Adisti Triani Wandayanti
Journal of Tropical Silviculture Vol. 17 No. 01 (2026): Jurnal Silvikultur Tropika
Publisher : Departemen Silvikultur, Fakultas Kehutanan dan Lingkungan, Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/j-siltrop.17.01.%p

Abstract

In Indonesia, there are two types of jabon: one of which is white jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba Roxb.). White jabon is a type of jabon that is often cultivated. The prospect of developing jabon plants that continue to increase has led to an increase in the need for jabon seedling supplies. However, the development of jabon seedlings is hampered by infections of pathogens that cause leaf diseases in white jabon seedlings in nurseries. Information related to pathogenic fungi that cause leaf spot and blight symptoms in white jabon is still not widely known. This study aims to identify pathogenic fungi that cause leaf spot and blight symptoms in White Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba Roxb.) from Bogor, West Java. Sampling was carried out at the Dramaga Permanent Nursery, IPB Dramaga Campus, Bogor. Pathogenic fungi were isolated from the part of the leaf that had symptoms of spots or blight and then tested for their pathogenicity against the leaves of white Jabon seedlings using the Koch Postulate method. The results of observations of symptoms on white Jabon leaves were obtained for four types of spot symptoms and two types of blight symptoms. The results of the isolation and identification of pathogenic fungi showed that four genera of fungi caused spot symptoms, namely Botrytis sp., Pestalotiopsis sp., Curvularia sp., and Colletotrichum sp.2, and two genera of fungi caused blight symptoms, namely Curvularia sp., and Colletotrichum sp.1. The Koch Postulate test showed that the six types of fungi isolated caused the leaves of white Jabon seedlings to become necrotic.
Identification of Meloidogyne spp. (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) as potato tuber-borne nematodes (PTBN) in the potato production center of Java Island, Indonesia Wawan Kurniawan; Supramana Supramana; Giyanto Giyanto; Abdul Munif
Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika Vol. 26 No. 2 (2026): SEPTEMBER, JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA: JOURNAL OF TROPICAL PLAN
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/j.hptt.226473-484

Abstract

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are among the most destructive plant-parasitic nematodes affecting potato production worldwide. However, information on Meloidogyne spp. associated with potato tubers and their potential as potato tuber-borne nematodes (PTBN) in Indonesia remains limited. This study aimed to identify Meloidogyne species associated with potato tubers and determine their distribution in major potato-producing regions of Java, Indonesia. Surveys were conducted from January 2023 to December 2024 in West, Central, and East Java. Symptomatic potato tubers were collected and examined using morphological, morphometric, and molecular approaches. Tubers were stored under refrigerated conditions for 3–24 months to evaluate nematode persistence. Molecular identification was performed using species-specific SCAR markers, followed by phylogenetic and sequence homology analyses. Root-knot nematodes were detected in all surveyed production areas and were associated with characteristic symptoms, including knobby, branched, elongated, and russeted tubers. Two species were identified: Meloidogyne incognita, which was widely distributed throughout Java, and Meloidogyne javanica, which was detected only in Cikandang Village, Garut, West Java. The nucleotide sequences were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers LC894939–LC894951 (M. incognita) and LC894966 (M. javanica). Both species remained viable in potato tubers for up to 24 months, confirming their potential as PTBN. These findings provide a scientific basis for strengthening nematode-free seed certification and phytosanitary measures to reduce the spread of Meloidogyne spp. through seed tubers.
Growth Performance, Volatile Compound Production, and Pathogenicity Assessment of Jakaba BHP01 under Varying Culture Conditions Rizka Aulian Kusuma; Elis Nina Herliyana; Surono; Abdul Munif
Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) Vol 16 No 4 (2026): Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (JPSL)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Lingkungan Hidup, IPB (PPLH-IPB) dan Program Studi Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan, IPB (PS. PSL, SPs. IPB)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jpsl.16.4.469

Abstract

Jakaba or Jamur Keberuntungan Abadi, classified in the Ascomycota phylum, is a fungus that is thought to have benefits in the form of nutrients for plants, and thus has the potential for further cultivation. The success of a pure culture depends on proper media preparation and the suitable environmental conditions for mycelial growth. Accordingly, this study investigated the growthcharacteristics of Jakaba BHP01 under different culture media, pH, and temperature conditions. Three factors were tested: media type (potato dextrose agar/PDA, malt extract agar/MEA, and malt peptone agar/MPA), media pH (pH 4, pH 6, and pH 8), and incubation temperature (10 ± 0.1 °C, 28 ± 0.1 °C, and 35 ± 0.1 °C ). Thus, there were 27 treatment combinations with three replicates.Macroscopic and microscopic observations revealed differences in colony texture, color, and hyphal characteristics under different treatments. The highest average diameter of Jakaba isolates was found in the M2P1S2 treatment combination, MEA medium, pH 4, and incubation temperature 28 ± 0.1 °C. The results of three-way ANOVA showed that the type of medium and pH did not have asignificant effect on the growth of Jakaba isolate diameter, while temperature had a significant effect (p < 0.0001). Pathogenicity tests on sengon seeds indicated that Jakaba BHP01 was nonpathogenic and significantly enhanced seedling length on MEA medium. Moreover, Jakaba BHP01 produced volatile compounds that inhibited Colletotrichum sp. pathogen growth by up to 38% onMEA. These findings provide preliminary baseline information for future studies on the cultivation and potential application of Jakaba BHP01 under controlled laboratory conditions in the future.
Co-Authors Abdjad Asih Nawangsih Ade Maulana Adisti Triani Wandayanti Agus Purwantara Agus PURWANTARA Akhmad Rizali Ali Nurmansyah ALINA AKHDIYA Alina Akhdiya Alina Akhdiya Amanda, Dila Amelia Kusumawardhani Andika Akbarul Iman Andini Hanif Ankardiansyah Pandu Pradana Ankardiansyah Pandu Pradana Ankardiansyah Pandu Pradana Arif Ravi Wibowo Aris Tri Wahyudi Asima Manurung Ayu Dhisa Faradiba Siregar Bonny Poernomo Wahyu Soekarno Bonny PW Soekarno Chandra, Wenripin Charles Simamora CHEPPY WATI Cici Indriani Dalimunthe Dede Setiadi Deden Dewantara ERIS Deden Hidayatullah Deden Sukmadjaja Della Sitanggang Desmon Gunadi Siagian Dewi Sukma Diana Putri Didy Sopandie Dwi Andreas Santosa dwi halimah Dwi Halimah Efi Toding Tondok Elis Nina Herliyana Elly Rosmaini Ely Lailatul Maghfiroh Ely Lailatul Maghfiroh Ely Maghfiroh Endah Retno Palupi Erwin ERYNA ELFASARI RANGKUTI Eryna Elfasari Rangkuti Fatimatuzzahroh Fatimatuzzahroh Fifit Kultsum Firdaus, Muhammad Firdaus Fitrianingrum Kurniawati, Fitrianingrum Gede Suastika Giyanto Giyanto GIYANTO GIYANTO Giyanto Giyanto Giyanto Giyanto Gusmaini Gusmaini GUSMAINI GUSMAINI Hanifah Nuryani Lioe HARNI, RITA Hasan Basri Hasudungan, Raju I Wayan Winasa IBNUL QAYIM IKA MUSTIKA Ika Roostika Irwanto Sucipto ISKANDAR ZULKARNAEN SIREGAR isnainy dinul Mursyalatiyus Iswandi Anas Chaniago Ita Sulistiawati JOHANNES HALLMANN John Putra S Tampubolon Jonathan Liviera Marpaung Joni Kartika Kartika Katrin Jenny Sirait Kholil Ma’ruf Kikin H Mutaqin Kristiana kristiana Kurniawan Effendi Kurniawan Effendi Kusumah, Yayi Munara LISA MARIANAH Liza Sakbani Marbun, James Piter Marihat Situmorang Marpaung, J.L. Marpaung, TJ Mira Febrianti Mochamad Yadi Nurjayadi Mochamad Yadi Nurjayadi Mohamad Rahmad Suhartanto Mohammad Yadi Nurjayadi Muhammad Mirsodi Muhammad Nursalim MUSTIKA, IKA Nababan, Esther Sorta Mauli Nela Zahara Nela Zahara Neng Tipa Nursipa Niken Nur Kasim Nurhikmah Mutmainna Sari Nurliani Bermawie NURLIANI BERMAWIE Nurul Fitria Indiyanti Parapat Gultom Pradana Pandu Ankardiansyah Prayogo Probo Asmoro Prayogo Probo Asmoro Putri Diana Rachmad Sitepu Ramdan, Evan Purnama Reni Rinika resky wulandari r jahuddin RICHARD A SIKORA RITA HARNI Rita Harni Rita Harni Rizka Aulian Kusuma Rizky Mailani Rahman Robin Roedhy Poerwanto Sandra Arifin Aziz Satriyas Ilyas Siagian, Riris Regita Cahyani Simbolon, Lolyta Damora Sirimavo, Yana Siringoringo, Yan Batara Putra Siswanto siswanto Sitanggang, Fetrisia Ayu Ashari Supramana Supramana Surono Surono Surono SURYO WIYONO Suryo Wiyono Suwarno . Syahputra, Muhammad Romi Syahputra, Razak Kurnia SYAIFUL ANWAR Syaiful Anwar Sylvia, Bebby Tatit Sastrini Tiara Aninditha Togu P Marpaung Umi Hidayati Waruwu, Arifda Ayu Swastini Wawan Kurniawan Widi Amaria Widodo Widya Sari Yadi Suryadi Yeni Herdiyeni Yudhistira Adhitya Pratama Yudiyanto Yudiyanto Zahedi