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Growth Diversity, Total Phenol, and Flavonoid of Various Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum frutescens) Genotypes Under Shading Stress Darmawansyah, Darmawansyah; Chozin, Muhamad Achmad; Santosa, Edi; Ritonga, Arya Widura
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 03 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.03.536-547

Abstract

The study of adaptation mechanisms in cayenne pepper under shade stress is crucial for further exploration. Cayenne pepper is one of the primary commodities that play an essential role in the agricultural industry. This research focuses on the adaptation of morphological, physiological, and secondary metabolite characteristics of cayenne pepper under shading treatments, while also examining the role of microclimate on these characteristics. The study was conducted from August 2023 to February 2024 at the Leuwikopo experimental field of Bogor Agricultural University, using five genotypes of cayenne pepper cultivated under two shading treatments: 0% and 50% shading, achieved using shade netting. The results showed that among the five genotypes tested, shade-loving genotypes, such as “Bonita,” and shade-tolerant genotypes, like “Ori 212,” displayed a greater morphological response in terms of plant height and canopy width under 50% shade compared to the other genotypes. In terms of yield traits, shade-tolerant genotypes, such as “Ori 212”, exhibited the highest fruit weight per plant under a 50% shading treatment compared to the other genotypes. Regarding physiological responses, specifically pigment content, no significant effect of shading treatment was observed. However, in terms of secondary metabolite content, all genotypes responded by increasing total phenol and flavonoid levels when grown in unshaded conditions or under full light intensity. This study provides insights into the adaptive responses of various cayenne pepper genotypes to microclimatic conditions in their growing environment.
Yield Stability and Disease Incident on Six Tomato Genotypes Under Shading Ulinnuha, Zulfa; Santosa, Edi; Chozin, Muhamad Achmad
Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia (JHI) Vol. 10 No. 1 (2019): Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Horticulture / Department of Agronomy and Horticulture

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (562.301 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/jhi.10.1.10-19

Abstract

Tomato becomes important as under-storey crop in agroforestry in Indonesia. However, farmers claim that there is yield reduction under such system. Hence, six tomato genotypes were planted under 50% reduced sunshine and full sunshine as control using randomized block nested design with genotype as main plot. The study was carried out in December 2016 to March 2017 at Cikarawang Experimental Farm, IPB Bogor. Research aimed to evaluate the production stability of tomato genotypes under shading treatment. Results showed that 50% shading affected tomato production and disease incident. Number of collected-fruit was 15-60% higher under 50% shading except for Apel Belgia and Tora genotypes that tended to decrease. Incident of gemini virus decreased by 80% and its severity decreased by 70% under 50% shading. However, 50% shading reduced tomato yield at rate 24.1% in each harvesting cycle due to a tendency on reduction on individual fruit size, irrespective genotypes. Present study demonstrated that genotype and disease incident determined tomato yield under shading. It needs further evaluation on the cause of low disease infection under 50% shading. Keywords: agroforestry, anthocyanin, disease incident, gemini virus, Solanum lycopersicum
Heritability, Correlation, and Path Analysis on Various Characters of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) under Shading and Normal Condition Ritonga, Arya Widura; Chozin, Muhamad Achmad; Syukur, Muhamad; Maharijaya, Awang; Sobir
Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia (JHI) Vol. 10 No. 2 (2019): Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Horticulture / Department of Agronomy and Horticulture

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (383.399 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/jhi.10.2.85-93

Abstract

Character selection information is essential for plant breeding program. SSH3 tomato genotype (shade-loving genotype), 4974 (shade-sensitive genotype), and F2 population derived from “SSH3 x 4974” were evaluated to estimate the heritability, correlation, direct and indirect effects between yield and various yield atributting characters in tomato under shading and normal condition at Pasir Kuda Station, Bogor Agriculture University, West Java, Indonesia from July until October 2016. The results showed that plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf weight, specific leaf weight, fruit weight, fruit number per plant and fruit weight per plant had high heritability under normal condition, while plant height, fruit set, fruit number of plant and fruit weight per plant had high heritability under shading condition. High direct positive effect on yield per plant was resulted from fruit weight and fruit number of plant under shading and normal condition, while leaf width had direct positive effect on fruit weighr per plant only under shading condition. High indirect positive effect on yield per plant was resulted from fruit set, fruit length and fruit diameter under shading and normal condition, while plant heigh had high indirect effect on yield per plant only under shading condition. Fruit set, fruit weight, and fruit number per plant characters were potential to be used as character selection for tomato productivity in normal conditions. Plant height, fruit set and fruit number per plant were potential to be used as character selection for tomato productivity under shading condition. Keywords: direct effect, fruit set, indirect effect, low light tolerant
Forage Potential of Plant Species Found in Various Ecosystems in Musi Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatera, Indonesia Kanny, Putri Irene; Chozin, M.A.; Santosa, Edi; Guntoro, Dwi; Zaman, Sofyan; Suwarto, Suwarto; Kurniawati, Ani
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 9 No. 01 (2022): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.9.01.68-76

Abstract

Forage is an important component in sustainable smallholder livestock. The purpose of the study was to identify the diversity of natural plant species in various ecosystems, as well as their potential as forage. Based on our surveys of palm oil plantation, rubber plantation, and home gardens using the quadrant method, we identified approximately 50 species comprising the natural vegetation of our study area. Out of 50, we identified 39 broad-leaved species, 9 grasses (Poaceae) species, and 2 sedges (Cyperaceae) species. The palm oil plantation had 29 species dominated by Ottochloa nodosa (11.92%) and Asystasia gangetica (11.40%); 25 species were found in the rubber plantation dominated by Cynodon dactylon (28.42%) and Panicum repens (9.20%), and home gardens contained 30 species dominated by Eleusine indica (13.39%) and Ageratum conyzoides (9.60%). Among the 29 species found in the palm oil plantation, 13 were observed to have low palatability scores, and 16 species have high palatability scores. Based on their high palatability scores, the following species can be utilized as forage for Balinese cattle: Cyrtococcum acrescens, Eleusine indica, Centrosema pubescens, Paspalum conjugatum, and Sida rhombifolia.
Sulfonylurea Herbicide-Resistant Study on Broadleaf Weeds in The Lowland Rice Production Center in West Java, Indonesia Evar, Fitrawaty Orista; Guntoro, Dwi; Chozin, M. A.; Irianto, M. Yuli
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 9 No. 02 (2022): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.9.02.137-144

Abstract

Most rice growers in Indonesia use herbicides for weed control. However, intensive use of herbicides can lead to the weeds to become resistant to the chemicals. The objective of this study was to determine the resistance status of weeds Ludwigia octovalvis, Sphenoclea zeylanica, Monochoria vaginalis in lowland rice in West Java, Indonesia. The study was started by planting three species of weeds, L. octovalvis, S. zeylanica, M. vaginalis, which were then treated with metsulfuron-methyl and penoxsulam herbicides. The study was conducted from January to May 2020 at Cikabayan Experimental Greenhouse, IPB University. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The first factor was the origin of weeds, exposed weeds (Karawang and Subang), and not exposed to herbicides (Bogor); the second factor was the rates of the herbicide, i.e., 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 g. ha-1 for metsulfuron- methyl, and 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, and 3200 ml.ha-1 for penoxsulam. The results showed that based on the resistance ratio, S. zeylanica and M. vaginalis from Karawang and Subang, and L. octovalvis from Subang, indicated a low resistance to metsulfuron-methyl, L. octovalvis from Karawang was still sensitive to metsulfuron-methyl. L. octovalvis, S. zeylanica, and M. vaginalis from Karawang and Subang were still sensitive to penoxsulam herbicides. This information would be useful to develop a strategy of weed management for important food crops.
Biomulch Treatment Effects on Weed Control and Soil Properties in Cassava Plantation Suwitono, Bayu; Chozin, Muhamad Achmad; Guntoro, Dwi; Suwarto, Suwarto
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 10 No. 02 (2023): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.10.02.111-123

Abstract

Legume Cover Crop (LCC) are plants grown as live mulch so that it is beneficial to the agro-ecosystem and can be included in cropping systems to regulate soil fertility and suppress weed growth. This study aims to determine the benefits of using Arachis pintoi as biomulch applied at different times on weed composition and soil fertility. The experiment was carried out at the Teaching farm of IPB, Jonggol, West Java, Indonesia; the soil type is Ultisol. This study used two factors and was designed in a factorial randomized block design. The first factor was four accessions of cassava “Ketan Malang”, “Genjah Bayam”, “IR Jonggol”, and “Manggu”; the second factor is the time of the biomulch planting: 4, 8, and 12 weeks before planting the cassava, at cassava planting, and without biomulch + manual weeding as the control. Weed vegetation was analyzed before land preparation and before cassava harvest. The physical and chemical properties of the soil were analyzed before and after the biomulch treatment. Our study demonstrated that Melastoma malabathricum, Tetracera indica, Oxalis barrelieri, Mimosa invisa, Ottochloa nodosa, Ipomoea sp and Cyperus sp. are the dominant weeds in the cassava plantation. Biomulch planted four and eight weeks before cassava was able to reduce weed dry weight. All biomulch treatments were able to improve soil density and total pore space. Soil with biomulch planted eight weeks before cassava planting had the highest C-organic (7.59%) and total nitrogen (0.41%).
Kompetisi antara Ekotipe Echinochloa crus-galli pada Beberapa Tingkat Populasi dengan Padi Sawah (Competition of Echinochloa crus-galli Ecotypes at Several Populations Against Lowland Rice) Guntoro, Dwi; Chozin, Muhamad Achmad; Santosa, Edi; Tjitrosemito, Soekisman; Burhan, Abdul Harris
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 37 No. 3 (2009): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (174.726 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v37i3.1236

Abstract

Echinochloa crus-galli is a major weed in paddy field that reduces rice yield.  The objective of the research was to study the effect of E. crus-galli ecotypes and populations on rice growth and production.  The research was conducted in a green house using split plot design with three replications.  The main plot consisted of three E. crus-galli ecotypes i.e ecotype from Karawang, Cikampek, and Sukabumi. E. crus-galli population as sub plot consisted of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 E. crus-galli per pot.  The results showed that ecotype of E. crus-galli affected plant height, number of tiller, and panicle density. The competitivenes against rice of E. crus-galli ecotype Cikampek was higher than that of ecotype Sukabumi and Karawang. Population E. crus-galli affected rice growth and production.  Population of E. crus-galli 4/pot decreased spikelets weight about 48.0% and filled spikelets weight about 46.2%.  Interaction of ecotype and population of E. crus-galli did not affect rice growth and production.   Key words:  competition, ecotype, E. crus-galli, population, weed.
Pemanfaatan Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskula dan Bakteri Azospirillum sp. untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Pemupukan pada Turfgrass Guntoro, Dwi; Chozin, M. A.; Tjahjono, Budi; Mansur, Irdika
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 34 No. 1 (2006): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (81.105 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v34i1.1277

Abstract

Introduction turfgrass varieties require fertilization with high dosage, but it can contaminate environment.  The increasing  efficiency of fertilizer absorbtion was expected to reduce fertilizer requirement.  The experiment was conducted to study the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae and Azospirillum sp. on nutrient uptake, fertilization efficiency, growth and visual quality of turfgrass.  The experiment consisted of two factors, i.e. the dosages of fertilizer and inoculant types.  The dosages of fertilizer were the relatif dosage from recommended dosage (RD) i.e 100%RD, 75%RD, 50%RD, and 25%RD.  The recommended dosage was 0.5 kg N + 1.5 kg P2O5 + 0.5 kg K2O per 100 m2/month by compound fertilizer (15-15-15).  The treatment of 100%RD without inoculant was used as control.  The inoculant types were no inoculant, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Azospirillum sp., and AMF+Azospirillum sp.  Factorial experiment was arranged in Randomized Block Design with three replications.  The results showed that interaction between inoculant type and dosage of fertilizer affected nutrient uptake, fertilizer efficiency, growth, and visual quality.  AMF inoculation and 25%RD increased shoot N uptake and N fertilizer efficiency, compared with control.  Azospirillum sp. inoculation at 75% RD increased shoot N concentration, but did not affect on shoot N uptake and N fertilizer efficiency compared with control.  Inoculant did not affect shoot P concentration, shoot P uptake, and P fertilizer efficiency.  Azospirillum and AMF+Azospirillum inoculation increased shoot K concentration.  AMF+Azospirillum inoculation and 100%RD increased shoot N concentration and shoot N uptake, compared with control.    Key words : Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Azospirillum, fertilizer efficiency, nutrient uptake, turfgrass.
Evaluasi Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Padi Gogo Haploid Ganda Toleran Naungan dalam Sistem Tumpang sari Sasmita, Priatna; Purwoko, Bambang S.; Sujiprihati, S.; Hanarida, I.; Dewi, I. S.; Chozin, M. A.
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 34 No. 2 (2006): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (59.05 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v34i2.1283

Abstract

Three doubled haploid (DH) upland rice lines obtained from anther culture having good agronomic and shade  tolerant traits were planted in an intercropping with maize. Their  monoculture systems were also included.  Those lines were GI-8, IG-19, and IW-56. Jatiluhur was also treated similar as shade tolerant control cultivar. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of eight intercropping systems, four monoculture systems of rice, and two monoculture systems of maize. The result showed that all of tested DH lines were consistently shade tolerant under intercropping condition. The characteristics was represented by  similar growth and grain yield with  Jatiluhur under  intercroping system. The highest grain yield was 2.49 t/ha resulted by GI-8 and IG-19 lines  at the time that Jatiluhur was 2.36 t/ha. The intercropping of DH lines with  maize also showed the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) =1.33-1.58, while Jatiluhur LER = 1.25-1.28, indicating that agronomically they were more advantageous than those in the monoculture system.   Key words :  Doubled haploid,, intercropping system, shade tolerant lines
Penapisan Galur Haploid Ganda Padi Gogo Hasil Kultur Antera untuk Toleransi terhadap Cekaman Aluminium Bakhtiar, ,; Purwoko, Bambang S.; Trikoesoemaningtyas, ,; Chozin, M. A.
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 35 No. 1 (2007): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (56.459 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v35i1.1304

Abstract

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the most important yield-limiting factors for upland rice grown on acid soils. Since many small farmers may have difficulty in soil liming, the genotypes tolerant to soil acidity and aluminum toxicity should be developed. Anther culture can substantially speed up new variety development through recombination of parental characters in early generations and immediately homozygous lines were upon chromosome doubling. The Doubled haploid (DH) rice lines were screened under both nutrient solution containing either 0 or 45 ppm Al and acid soils containing either low or high-Al saturation. The relative root length (RRL) was determined at 14-day-old stage to characterize genotypes for Al-tolerance in nutrient solution. The relative grain weight (RGW) was determined to characterize genotypes for Al-tolerance in soils conditions. The results of this study indicated that Al reduced root elongation. The differential tolerance for Al among genotypes was found to be highly significant for RRL. Of the 120 genotypes tested, 16, 77 and 27 genotypes were found to be Al-tolerance, moderate and sensitive in term of RRL respectively. KRGM4, JTGR13, JTGR17, JTGR18, JTKR1, JTKR5, GRGM4, GRGM6, GRGM9, GRGM14, GRGM25, GRJT11 and SGJT27 lines were consitently Al-tolerance under both nutrient solution and acid soils. The RRL of doubled haploid upland rice lines in nutrient solutions were strongly correlated with RGW in acid soils.   Key words: Rice, doubled haploid, aluminum tolerance, relative root length, relative grain weight
Co-Authors , Handoko ,, Yuniarti . Sugiyanta, . A Ali A. S. Suharyono Abdul Harris Burhan Abdullah Abdullah Ade Sumiahadi, Ade AHMAD JUNAEDI Ahmad Junaidi Aidi Noor Aji Hermawan Aldi M Alfima Rahasti Alhidayah, Destya Anas Miftah Fauzi Andhini, Martika Ani Kurniawati Anita Ristianingrum Ansyarif Khalid Artha Regina Tambunan Asdi Asdi Asep Nursangaji Asih Sukowati Astuti DA Astuti DA Awang Maharijaya Axel Anderson Bambang Pramudya Bambang S. Purwoko Bambang S. Purwoko Budi Tjahjono Bustami Syam Chairannisa, Dyana D.A. Astuti Darmawansyah Darmawansyah DARUSMAN, L.K. Darwis AN Darwis AN Desta Wirnas dewi novita Dewi, Sangrani Annisa Diah karyawati Didy Sopandie Dina Harsono Dini Dwirestina Dwi Guntoro Dwiwanti Sulistyowati E. Namaken Sembiring Edi Santosa Edy Yusmin Eka Intan Kumala Putri Eka Wardiana Eko Sulistyono EVA OKTAVIDIATI, EVA Evar, Fitrawaty Orista Faradesi Ardialisa Femila Rezkiyanti Fibra Nurainy Fred Rumawas Gerson Hans Maure GHULAMAHDI, M. h sanusi H. Soedarmadi HAJRIAL ASWIDINNOOR Hardjosoewignyo, Soedarmadi Hartami Dewi Hemawati Hemawati Hendrik Hendrik Herman Wafom Tubur Hesty Juniar Rukmin Hiroshi Ehara Hongarta, Reynaldo I. Hanarida I. S. Dewi Ida H. Somantri Indriani Santoso Iqbal . Irdika Mansur Irianto, M. Yuli Irwan Abdullah Iskandar Lubis ISMAIL SALEH Iswari S. Dewi Jalali Iqram Kanny, Putri Irene Karti PDMH Karti PDMH Khairil Anwar Krishna Surya Buana Kusuma, Ayu Vandira Candra KWANG HO KIM Laila Nur Atika Luki Abdullah M Zardan Araby M. Ghulamahdi Machfud Machfud Maisura Maisura Maria Erna Marmawi R . Maya Melati Mochammad Afifuddin Moeljarno Djojomartono Moh. Amri Arsyid Muftil Badri Muhamad Kurniadi Muhamad Syukur Muhammad Syaifuk Ar Rosyid Munawir, Fathurrahman Aziz Munif Ghulamahdi Murtilaksono, dan Kukuh P.M.D.H Karti, P.M.D.H Pangerang, Utama K. Patandean, Brayen Perwita, Atikah Dyah Priatna Sasmita Purwono Purwono Putri Sakura Raisa Baharuddin RANI FARIDA Ratih Marina Kurniaty Rinaldo, Ruswandi Ritonga, Arya W Ritonga, Arya Widura Rohman, Rizki Fadilah Rosyid, Muhammad Syaiful Ar S. Sujiprihati Sahrullah Sahrullah Sari, Indah Fatika Selvie D. Anis Selvie Diana Anis Sigit Prabawa Sobir Sobir SOEKISMAN TJITROSEMITO Sofiyah, Maratus Sofyan Zaman Sri Mulatsih Sudirman Yahya Sudradjat , Sudradjat Sudradjat Sugiyanta Supijatno Suryana Sutikno Sutikno Suwarto Suwarto Suwitono, Bayu Syamsiar, Syamsiar Tanto Pratondo Utomo Tineke Mandang Trikoesoemaningtyas Ulinnuha, Zulfa urai salam Vivid Violin Wahju Qamara Mugnisyah Wenny Rahmawati WIJAYANTO, N. Yasidi, Farid Yudi Febrianto Yudi Febrianto Yuline . Yundari, Yundari Zarwazi, Lalu Muhamad