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All Journal HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Saintek Perikanan : Indonesian Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Jurnal Riset Akuakultur CARADDE: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Ichthyology) Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health Journal of Vocational in Aquaculture (JAVA)

Julie Ekasari

Department Of Aquaculture, Faculty Of Fisheries And Marine Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia

Author-ID : 258464

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Social Sciences

Published : 56 Documents Claim Missing Document

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The influence of biofloc system on Vibrio composition, the growth and the gut microvilli performance of the Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei Gustilatov, Muhamad; Widanarni, Widanarni; Ekasari, Julie; Julyantoro, Pande Gde Sasmita; Waturangi, Diana Elizabeth
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 23 No. 1 (2024): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19027/jai.23.1.12-23

Biofloc technology has been shown to have a positive impact on shrimp culture by controlling pathogenic Vibrio. This study aimed to analyze the effect of biofloc on the Vibrio composition in water and shrimp gut, as well as the growth performance and microvilli of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). Shrimp post-larvae measuring 0.66 ± 0.02 g were reared in a glass aquarium (working volume 22 L) of 6 units with a density of 150 shrimp m-3 for 28 days. The treatments included rearing in the biofloc system with C/N ratio 10, and without a biofloc system as a control. The results showed that Vibrio was highly prevalent in the control gut (4.13%) and biofloc water (3.77%), but only a few were found in the control water (0.16%) and biofloc-treated gut (0.11%). V. hepatarius (1.10%) and V. nereis (1.06%) were found to dominate the Vibrio bacterial community in the biofloc system maintenance media, while Vibrio sp. Hep-1b-8 (2.26%) and V. parahaemolyticus (0.80%) known as a pathogenic bacteria dominated the control shrimp gut. The biofloc system significantly increased the digestive enzyme activity, growth performance, and microvilli length in the shrimp gut. In conclusion, the application of a biofloc system in shrimp culture can affect the composition and abundance of bacterial communities in both the culture environment and the shrimp gut, and improve growth performance with higher digestive enzyme activity and longer microvilli in the gut. Keywords: biocontrol, biofloc, microbiota, shrimp, Vibrio ABSTRAK Teknologi bioflok menunjukkan dampak positif pada kegiatan budidaya udang vaname dengan mengendalikan bakteri patogen salah satunya Vibrio. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efek bioflok terhadap komposisi Vibrio pada air dan usus udang, serta kinerja pertumbuhan dan mikrovili udang vaname (Penaeus vanamei). Udang post-larva berukuran 0.66 ± 0.02 g dipelihara pada akuarium kaca (volume air 22 L) sebanyak 6 unit dengan kepadatan 150 ekor m-3 selama 28 hari. Perlakuan meliputi pemeliharaan udang pada sistem bioflok dengan rasio C/N 10, dan tanpa sistem bioflok sebagai perlakuan kontrol. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan kelimpahan Vibrio yang cukup tinggi pada usus perlakuan kontrol (4.13%) dan air perlakuan bioflok (3.77%), tetapi sangat sedikit ditemukan pada air perlakuan kontrol dan usus perlakuan bioflok. Selanjutnya, V. hepatarius (2.26%) dan V. nereis (1.06%) terdeteksi mendominasi komunitas bakteri Vibrio di media pemeliharaan pada sistem bioflok, sedangkan Vibrio sp. Hep-1b-8 (2.26%) dan V. parahaemolyticus (0.80%) mendominasi usus udang vaname pada perlakuan kontrol. Sistem bioflok juga mampu meningkatkan aktivitas enzim pencernaan, performa pertumbuhan, dan panjang mikrovili usus secara signifikan (P < 0.05). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penerapan sistem bioflok pada budidaya udang vaname mampu memengaruhi komposisi dan kelimpahan komunitas bakteri Vibrio pada lingkungan budidaya maupun pada usus udang, serta meningkatkan performa pertumbuhan dengan aktivitas enzim pencernaan yang lebih baik dan mikrovilli usus yang lebih panjang. Kata kunci: bioflok, biokontrol, microbiota, udang vaname, Vibrio

Characteristics and quality of biofloc in vannamei shrimp culture with different carbon sources Faris Allam, Muhammad; Ekasari, Julie; Achmad Fauzi, Ichsan; Wiyoto, Wiyoto
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 23 No. 1 (2024): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19027/jai.23.1.92-100

The different carbohydrate complexities are thought to affect the bioavailability of carbon sources for heterotrophic bacteria in the biofloc formation process and produce different biofloc characteristics. Based on these, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of using carbon sources with different levels of complexity on the characteristics and quality of biofloc in pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) rearing. The carbon sources used in this study were dextrose (DX), potato starch (ST), and α-cellulose (CL). The experimental tests were the TAN (total ammonia nitrogen) reduction test which was carried out for 16 hours and the shrimp rearing test which was carried out for 30 days. Parameters measured to determine the characteristics of biofloc in shrimp rearing test were bifloc volume, biofloc particle size, biofloc nutrient composition, and water quality. The DX treatment produced the lowest TAN in the TAN reduction test. The shrimp rearing test showed the biofloc had different nutrient quality between the treatments. Meanwhile, the water quality between the treatments had relatively close values, but the CL treatment was able to suppress TAN and NO2 lower than the DX and ST treatments during the rearing period. In addition, it is feared that the biofloc volume of the DX treatment which is higher than the ST and CL treatments is feared to be the main cause of stress in shrimp. The conclusion of this study is that complex carbohydrates, especially cellulose, have more potential in improving the performance of the biofloc system. Keywords: biofloc volume, carbohydrate complexity, nutrient composition, particle size ABSTRAK Kompleksitas karbohidrat diduga dapat memengaruhi bioavaibilitas sumber karbon bagi bakteri heterotrof dalam proses pembentukan bioflok, sehingga kompleksitas karbohidrat yang berbeda diduga dapat menghasilkan karakteristik bioflok yang berbeda. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penggunaan sumber karbon dengan tingkat kompleksitas yang berbeda terhadap karakteristik dan kualitas bioflok pada pemeliharaan udang vaname (Penaeus vannamei). Sumber karbon yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dekstrosa (DX), tepung kentang (ST), dan α-selulosa (CL) dan rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah RAL (rancangan acak lengkap). Penelitian ini memiliki dua jenis pengujian yang dilakukan secara paralel, yaitu uji penurunan TAN (total ammonia nitrogen) yang dilakukan selama 16 jam dan uji pemeliharaan udang yang dilakukan selama 30 hari. Parameter yang diukur untuk mengetahui karakteristik bioflok pada pemeliharaan udang adalah volume biflok, ukuran partikel bioflok, komposisi nutrien bioflok, dan kualitas air pemeliharaan. Perlakuan DX menghasilkan TAN paling rendah pada uji penurunan TAN. Bioflok yang dihasilkan dari uji pemeliharaan udang menunjukkan kualitas nutrien bioflok yang berbeda-beda antar perlakuanya. Sementara itu kualitas air antar perlakuan memiliki nilai yang relatif berdekatan, tetapi perlakuan CL mampu menekan TAN dan NO2 lebih rendah dari perlakuan DX dan ST selama masa pemeliharran. Selain itu, volume bioflok akhir perlakuan perlakuan DX yang lebih tinggi dari perlakuan ST dan CL dikhawatirkan dapat menjadi penyebab utama stres pada udang. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah karbohidrat kompleks khususnya selulosa lebih berpotensi dalam meningkatkan performa sistem bioflok. Kata kunci: kompleksitas karbohidrat, komposisi nutrisi, ukuran partikel, volume bioflok

Literature study of Zn supplementation in feed for optimizing Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus growth Muhammad Agus Suprayudi; Inarto, Hendri; Ekasari, Julie
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 23 No. 2 (2024): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19027/jai.23.2.237-249

Micro minerals play a crucial role in the physiological processes of fish, acting as enzyme cofactors and stabilizing enzyme and protein structures. One of the essential micro minerals needed in the body is zinc (Zn). Zinc is utilized for various physiological processes, including the maintenance of enzymatic processes within the fish's body. The aim of this literature review is to analyze the optimal level of zinc supplementation in feed to enhance the growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), based on the reported findings of conducted research. The literature sources were obtained from accredited national journals, international journals, research outcomes, theses, and dissertations over the past 20 years. The results of this literature review indicate that zinc supplementation in feed can have a positive impact on overall fish growth by increasing digestive enzyme activity, particularly protease enzymes. The level of zinc supplementation in fish is influenced by several factors including, fish size, feed consumption quantity, and duration of maintenance. The optimal dietary zinc intake for Nile tilapia growth is reported to be in the range of 20–50 mg/kg. Keywords: growth, literature study, Nile tilapia, zinc ABSTRAK Mikro mineral memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam fisiologi tubuh ikan yang berfungsi sebagai kofaktor enzim dan menjadi penstabil struktur enzim maupun protein. Salah satu mikro mineral yang memiliki fungsi penting dan diperlukan dalam tubuh adalah unsur seng (Zn). Unsur Zn digunakan untuk proses fisiologis termasuk pemeliharaan proses enzimatik dalam tubuh ikan. Tujuan studi pustaka ini adalah menganalisis tingkat suplementasi Zn yang optimum dalam pakan untuk meningkatkan performa pertumbuhan ikan nila Oreochromis niloticus berdasarkan laporan hasil-hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan. Sumber pustaka didapatkan dari jurnal nasional terakreditasi, jurnal internasional, hasil penelitian, tesis, dan disertasi pada kurun waktu 20 tahun terakhir. Hasil studi pustaka ini menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi Zn dalam pakan dapat memberikan pengaruh positif pada pertumbuhan ikan secara umum melalui peningkatan aktivitas enzim pencernaan terutama enzim protease. Tingkat suplementasi Zn pada ikan dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor diantaranya, ukuran ikan, jumlah konsumsi pakan, dan lama pemeliharaan. Nilai asupan Zn yang memberikan pertumbuhan optimum pada ikan nila adalah sebesar 20–50 mg/kg. Kata kunci: ikan nila, pertumbuhan, seng, studi pustaka

Inhibition of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in whiteleg shrimp reared in a biofloc system with different volumes Bako, Surandha; Widanarni, Widanarni; Ekasari, Julie; Yuhana, Munti
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 23 No. 2 (2024): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19027/jai.23.2.212-223

This study aimed to evaluate the inhibition of V. parahaemolyticus infection in the whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) reared in different volumes of biofloc system. Post-larval shrimp with an average body weight of 0.28 ± 0.01 g were reared in 15 aquariums with working volume of 33.3 L and stocking density of 3 shrimp per liter. The shrimp were reared for 21 days in a biofloc system (C:N ratio of 10) with biofloc volume of 5, 10, and 15 mL/L, and challenged with V. parahaemolyticus at a density of 103 CFU/mL initially. The positive control treatment involved shrimp reared without biofloc and challenged, while the negative control treatment involved shrimp reared without biofloc and without challenged. The shrimp was fed with commercial feed while the protein content of 39-40% four times a day. The results showed that the presumptive Vibrio count (PVC) and the population of V. parahaemolyticus in the biofloc treatments were significantly lower than the positive control (p<0.05). Furthermore, the biofloc treatment with a volume of 15 mL/L demonstrated the best results compared to other treatments in decreasing PVC and V. parahaemolyticus population as evidenced by the immune response, survival rate, and growth performance of whiteleg shrimp. Keywords: biofloc, immune response, Penaeus vannamei, Vibrio parahaemolyticus ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penghambatan infeksi V. parahaemolyticus pada udang vaname (Penaeus vannamei) yang dipelihara dalam sistem bioflok dengan volume yang berbeda. Post-larvae udang dengan bobot tubuh rata-rata 0,28 ± 0,01 g dipelihara dalam 15 akuarium dengan volume kerja 33.3 L dan padat tebar 3 udang per liter. Udang dipelihara selama 21 hari dalam sistem bioflok (rasio C:N 10) dengan volume bioflok 5, 10, dan 15 mL/L, dan diuji tantang dengan V. parahaemolyticus pada kepadatan awal 103 CFU/mL. Perlakuan kontrol positif melibatkan udang yang dipelihara tanpa bioflok dan diuji tantang, sementara perlakuan kontrol negatif melibatkan udang yang dipelihara tanpa bioflok dan tanpa diuji tantang. Udang diberi pakan komersial dengan kandungan protein 39-40% empat kali sehari. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa presumptive Vibrio count (PVC) dan populasi V. parahaemolyticus dalam perlakuan bioflok signifikan lebih rendah daripada kontrol positif (p<0,05). Selain itu, perlakuan bioflok dengan volume 15 mL/L menunjukkan hasil terbaik dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lain dalam menurunkan PVC dan populasi V. parahaemolyticus sebagaimana dibuktikan oleh respons imun, tingkat kelangsungan hidup, dan kinerja pertumbuhan udang vaname. Kata kunci: bioflok, Penaeus vanname, respons imun, Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Dietary evaluation of cinnamaldehyde supplementation with different protein energy levels and ratios in Pacific whitleg Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Hendriana, Andri; Setiawati, Mia; Jusadi, Dedi; Suprayudi, Muhammad Agus; Ekasari, Julie; Wahjuningrum, Dinamella
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 23 No. 1 (2024): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19027/jai.23.1.79-91

This study aimed to evaluate the growth performance and carbohydrate metabolism of Pacific whiteleg shrimp after feeding with different cinnamaldehyde concentrations and protein-energy ratios. The study used a completely randomized design with six treatments in triplicates. The treatments were S003213; treatment S053213; treatment S052814; treatment S102814; treatment S052815; and treatment S102815. The study was conducted for 56 days in a 76 L volume aquarium using shrimps with 1.38 ± 0.01 g at 200 individuals/m3. The results showed that the S053213 treatment was significantly different (P<0.05) compared to other treatments for the specific growth rate (SGR). Hexokinase (hk) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) produced by the S053213 treatment were significantly different (P<0.05) from the S003213 treatment. The S052815 and S102815 treatments produced higher protein retention (PR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) compared to other treatments (P<0.05) and also produced the same final average weight (FW) as the S003213 treatment. This research shows that vannamei fed by 0.10% supplementation dose of cinnamaldehyde with a decreased feed protein up to 28% and C/P ratio 14 and 15 are able to utilize feed as well as protein 32% without cinnamaldehyde. The addition of cinnamaldehyde with a higher C/P ratio requires a higher dose of cinnamaldehyde than the optimal dose. Keywords: Carbohydrate metabolism, cinnamaldehyde, growth, feed energy ratio, Pacific whiteleg shrimp ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja pertumbuhan dan metabolisme karbohidrat udang vaname Litopenaeus vannamei yang diberikan kadar sinamaldehid pada protein dan rasio energi pakan berbeda. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan enam perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Adapun perlakuan terdiri dari perlakuan kontrol S003213; perlakuan S053213; perlakuan S052814; perlakuan S102814; perlakuan S052815; dan perlakuan S102815. Penelitian dilakukan selama 56 hari pemeliharaan pada akuarium volume 76 L menggunakan udang vaname berukuran 1,38 ± 0,01 g dengan kepadatan 200 individuals/m3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan S053213 berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya untuk parameter laju pertumbuhan spesifik (SGR). Parameter heksokinase (hk) dan phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) yang tertinggi dihasilkan oleh perlakuan S053213 dan berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dengan perlakuan S003213. Pada perlakuan S052815 dan S102815 menghasilkan retensi protein (PR) dan rasio efisiensi protein (PER) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya (P<0,05) serta menghasilkan bobot rata-rata akhir (FW) sama dengan perlakuan S003213. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa udang vaname yang diberikan suplementasi sinamaldehid sebesar 0,10% dengan protein pakan 28% dan rasio C/P menjadi 14 dan 15 mampu pemanfaatan protein pakan yang sama dengan protein pakan 32% tanpa suplementasi sinamaldehid. Penambahan sinamaldehid dengan rasio C/P yang lebih tinggi membutuhkan dosis sinamaldehid yang lebih tinggi dari dosis optimal. Kata kunci: metabolisme karbohidrat, pertumbuhan, rasio energi pakan, sinamaldehid, udang vaname

Utilization of fish bone charcoal in feed on growth and physiological responses of catfish fry Clarias gariepinus Fardila Putri, Rizqiyatul; Setiawati, Mia; Jusadi, Dedi; Ekasari, Julie
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 24 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19027/jai.24.1.82-91

This study aimed to assess the impact of charcoal inclusion in feed on the physiological responses and growth of catfish. The experiment employed a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and four replicates. Charcoal doses in the feed were set at 0% (C0, control), 0.5% (C0.5), 1% (C1), 2% (C2), and 3% (C3). The catfish used weighed 3.95 ± 0.03 g and were kept in 20 hapa units (2×1×1 m³) with a stocking density of 70 fish/hapa for 60 days. The results indicated significant differences (p<0.05) in the hepatosomatic index between treatments, with the highest values recorded in C1 (2.15 ± 0.10b) and C0.5 (1.91 ± 0.19b). However, liver glycogen levels did not significantly vary across treatments (p>0.05). Charcoal supplementation enhanced blood mineral levels (calcium, phosphorus, manganese, and zinc) in the C2 and C3 groups. The highest blood glucose level was observed in C1 (p<0.05). Intestinal histological analysis showed that the highest villi height and surface area were recorded in the C2 group, with values of 540.0 ± 10.2 µm and 34.122 ± 1.311 µm², respectively. Additionally, 2% charcoal supplementation improved final weight, daily growth rate, and protein retention, while reducing feed consumption and the feed conversion ratio compared to the control. Overall, the inclusion of 2% charcoal positively influenced the intestinal histology of catfish, contributing to enhanced growth performance. The study also demonstrated that charcoal addition affected the hepatosomatic index, blood glucose, and blood mineral levels in catfish. Keywords: catfish, charcoal, growth, physiological response ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh pemberian charcoal dalam pakan terhadap respons fisiologis dan pertumbuhan ikan lele. Penelitian dirancang dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan lima perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan dosis charcoal yang yang berbeda yaitu 0 (C0, kontrol), 0.5 (C0,5), 1 (C1), 2 (C2), dan 3% (C3). Ikan lele yang digunakan berbobot 3,95 ± 0,03 g/ekor dipelihara di hapa berukuran 2×1×1 m³ sebanyak 20 unit dengan kepadatan 70 ekor/hapa selama 60 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hepatosomatik indeks beda nyata antar perlakuan (p<0,05) nilai tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan C1 2,15 ± 0,10b dan C0,5 1,91± 0,19b. Penambahan charcoal pada pakan tidak berbeda nyata terhadap glikogen hati (P>0,05). Penambahan charcoal dalam pakan dapat meningkatkan kandungan mineral darah ikan (kalsium, fosfor, mangan, dan zinc) pada perlakuan C2 dan C3. Nilai glukosa darah tertinggi pada pakan yang diberi pakan C1 (p<0,05). Hasil histologi usus menunjukkan nilai tertinggi pada tinggi vili dan luas permukaan vili usus terdapat pada perlakuan C2 (2% charcoal) dengan tinggi vili (540,0±10,2 µm) dan luas permukaan vili (34122 ± 1311 µm). Penambahan charcoal 2% pada pakan dapat meningkatkan bobot akhir, laju pertumbuhan harian, retensi protein, menurunkan konsumsi pakan dan feed convertion ratio dibandingkan kontrol. Pemberian charcoal 2% dalam pakan berpengaruh baik terhadap histologi usus ikan lele, sehingga dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan pada perlakuan C2. Pada penelitian ini juga di temukan bahwa penambahan charcoal dalam pakan berpengaruh terhadap indeks hepatosomatik, glukosa darah, serta mineral darah ikan lele. Kata kunci : charcoal, ikan lele, pertumbuhan, respons fisiologis

Potential of Eurycoma longifolia, Curcuma zedoaria, and Allium sativum extracts as phytobiotics for shrimp health Iqbal Kurniawinata, Mohamad; Sukenda, Sukenda; Wahjuningrum, Dinamella; Widanarni, Widanarni; Ekasari, Julie
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 24 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19027/jai.24.1.71-81

This study evaluated the efficacy of Eurycoma longifolia, Curcuma zedoaria, and Allium sativum in improving the immune response and resistance of whiteleg shrimp to prevent Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. The study consisted of two phases, an in vitro phase to determine the compounds contained in three medicinal plants as antibacterials, followed by an in vivo phase to evaluate the effect of the medical plant extract on immune response and robustness against V. parahaemolyticus. The results from the first phase revealed that bioactive compounds present in E. longifolia were more varied and had higher concentrations with a lower bactericidal value when compared to those found in C. zedoaria or A. sativum. In the second phase of the experiment, the medicinal plant extract was added to the feed with a dose that was determined according to the first phase results. The treatments tested in the second phase were 1.6% E. longifolia extract dietary addition (EL16), 6.4% C. zedoaria extract dietary addition (CZ64), 6.4% A. sativum extract dietary addition (AS64) and phytobiotics mixture of 1:1:1 (C1) dietary addition, as well as no phytobiotic for negative control treatment and positive control. The results from the second stage demonstrated that dietary phytobiotic extract addition enhances the immunological responses and improves the shrimp survival against V. parahaemolyticus challenge compared to the control group. In conclusion, E. longifolia, C. zedoaria, and A. sativum showed different bioactive compound profiles, which affect their efficacy against V. parahaemolyticus, with EL16 showing higher efficacy. Keywords: A. sativum, C. zedoaria, E. longifolia, Penaeus vannamei, Phytobiotic ABSTRAK Penelitian ini mengevaluasi efikasi Eurycoma longifolia, Curcuma zedoaria, dan Allium sativum dalam meningkatkan respon imun dan resistensi udang vaname untuk mencegah infeksi Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua tahap: tahap in vitro untuk menentukan senyawa yang terkandung dalam tiga tanaman obat sebagai antibakteri, diikuti oleh tahap in vivo untuk mengevaluasi efek ekstrak tanaman obat terhadap respon imun dan ketahanan terhadap V. parahaemolyticus. Hasil dari tahap pertama mengungkapkan bahwa senyawa bioaktif yang ada dalam E. longifolia lebih bervariasi dan memiliki konsentrasi yang lebih tinggi dengan nilai bakterisida yang lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan yang ditemukan di C. zedoaria atau A. sativum. Pada percobaan tahap kedua, ekstrak tanaman obat ditambahkan ke pakan dengan dosis yang ditentukan sesuai dengan hasil tahap pertama. Perlakuan yang diuji pada tahap kedua adalah penambahan 1,6% ekstrak E. longifolia dalam pakan (EL16), penambahan 6,4% ekstrak C. zedoaria dalam pakan (CZ64), penambahan 6,4% ekstrak A. sativum dalam pakan (AS64) dan campuran fitobiotik 1:1:1 (C1) dalam pakan, serta tanpa fitobiotik untuk perlakuan kontrol negatif dan kontrol positif. Hasil dari tahap kedua menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak fitobiotik dalam pakan meningkatkan respons imunologi dan memperbaiki kelangsungan hidup udang terhadap tantangan V. parahaemolyticus dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Sebagai kesimpulan, E. longifolia, C. zedoaria, dan A. sativum menunjukkan profil senyawa bioaktif yang berbeda, yang mempengaruhi efikasinya terhadap V. parahaemolyticus, dengan EL16 menunjukkan efikasi yang lebih tinggi. Kata kunci: Allium sativum, Curcuma zedoaria, Eurycoma. longifolia, fitobiotik, Penaeus vannamei

Growth and health performance of pacific white shrimp fed diets with varying protein levels and citral supplementation Paramadina, Siwi; Ekasari, Julie; Agus Suprayudi, Muhammad; Achmad Fauzi, Ichsan; Shofa Adestia, Talita
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 24 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19027/jai.24.2.185-198

Citral is known for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic properties. This study evaluates the effects of dietary citral supplementation on glucose absorption, growth, feed utilization, and health of Pacific white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) fed different protein levels. A 2×3 factorial experiment was conducted with two variables: protein content (30% and 35%) and citral concentrations (0, 50, and 75 mg/kg). Shrimp (3.22 ± 0.01 g) were reared in 180 L tanks (30 shrimp/tank) for 60 days. Citral supplementation increased blood glucose levels in the first two hours post-feeding, with a faster return to basal levels. Growth and feed efficiency also improved with citral diets. After stress testing, citral and dietary protein showed a synergistic effect on superoxide dismutase (SOD), with the highest level in the 75 mg/kg citral, 35% protein diet, correlating with higher post-challenge survival. Total haemocyte count (THC), phenoloxidase (PO) activity, respiratory burst (RB), and blood clotting time improved with citral supplementation, while protein level only affected RB. After Vibrio challenge, higher protein increased THC and reduced clotting time, while citral enhanced THC, PO, and RB. The highest post-challenge survival was observed in shrimp fed 75 mg/kg citral with 35% protein (p<0.05). These findings suggest dietary citral supplementation may enhance shrimp health and resilience against stress and Vibrio infection. Keywords: Citral, Cymbopogon citratus, post-prandial glucose, Litopenaeus vannamei, V. parahaemolyticus ABSTRAK Citral dikenal memiliki sifat antimikroba, antioksidan, dan anti-diabetes. Studi ini mengevaluasi efek suplementasi citral dalam pakan terhadap absorpsi glukosa, pertumbuhan, pemanfaatan pakan, dan kesehatan udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) yang diberi pakan dengan kadar protein berbeda. Percobaan faktorial 2×3 dilakukan dengan dua variabel: kadar protein (30% dan 35%) serta konsentrasi citral (0, 50, dan 75 mg/kg). Udang (3,22 ± 0,01 g) dipelihara dalam tangki 180 L (30 ekor/tangki) selama 60 hari. Suplementasi citral meningkatkan kadar glukosa darah dalam dua jam pertama setelah makan, dengan penurunan lebih cepat ke tingkat basal. Pertumbuhan dan efisiensi pakan juga meningkat dengan pakan yang mengandung citral. Setelah uji stres, citral dan protein menunjukkan efek sinergis terhadap kadar superoksida dismutase (SOD), dengan kadar tertinggi pada perlakuan 75 mg/kg citral dalam diet protein 35%, yang berkorelasi dengan tingkat kelangsungan hidup pasca tantangan yang lebih tinggi. Jumlah hemosit total (THC), aktivitas fenoloksidase (PO), respiratory burst (RB), dan waktu pembekuan darah meningkat dengan suplementasi citral, sementara kadar protein hanya berpengaruh pada RB. Setelah tantangan Vibrio, kadar protein yang lebih tinggi meningkatkan THC dan mempercepat pembekuan darah, sedangkan citral meningkatkan THC, PO dan RB. Kelangsungan hidup pasca tantangan tertinggi ditemukan pada udang yang diberi 75 mg/kg citral dengan protein 35% (p<0,05). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi citral dalam pakan dapat meningkatkan kesehatan dan ketahanan udang terhadap stres dan infeksi Vibrio. Kata kunci: Citral, Cymbopogon citratus, glukosa pasca makan, Litopenaeus vannamei, V. parahaemolyticus

The dynamics glucose on carbohydrate utilization of striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus with yacon leaf Smallanthus sonchifolius dietary supplementation Syefti Palmi, Revita; Setiawati, Mia; Jusadi, Dedi; Ekasari, Julie
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 24 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19027/jai.24.2.158-171

The objective of the study was to test dietary supplementation of yacon leaf on the carbohydrate utilization, growth performance, and glucose tolerance of striped catfish during the early-stage period. Fish were fed with five different levels of yacon leaf supplementation (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%) for nine weeks. Three hundred striped catfish (initial mean body weight: 14 ± 0.14 g) were maintained in 15 rectangular net cages. The results showed that the specific growth rate of fish with yacon leaf supplementation (3.46-3.79%) was higher than the control fish (3.19%) also the feed efficiency value. The highest protein retention was found on 1% yacon leaf fish diet, while the highest lipid retention was found on 1.5%. The blood glucose post-prandial was rise slower than the control fish. The glucose tolerance test also obtained less time to return to basal level after the glucose load. The increased of enzymatic were also present at the supplemented fish. The liver lipid and glycogen concentration was decreased, and the hepatic somatic index was increased. The blood biochemistry showed the lower level of total protein plasma and albumin in supplemented fish, and higher triglyceride and cholesterol levels due to the replenishment of energy storage in adipose tissues while fasting. Therefore, this study concludes that the yacon leaf dietary supplementation has the potential to improve carbohydrate utilization by promoting glucose use efficiently as the main energy, while protein can be utilized for growth. Our data suggest that the best level of yacon leaf supplementation in fish diets is 1.36%. Keywords: yacon-leaf, homeostatic, glucose, sparing-effect ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji efektifitas suplementasi daun insulin pada pakan terhadap pemanfaatan karbohidrat, kinerja pertumbuhan, dan toleransi glukosa pada benih ikan patin. Ikan diberi pakan dengan lima tingkat suplementasi daun insulin yang berbeda yaitu 0%, 0,5%, 1%, 1,5%, 2% selama sembilan minggu. Tiga ratus benih ikan patin (rata-rata biomasa awal: 14 ± 0,14 g) dipelihara dalam 15 keramba jaring berbentuk persegi panjang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laju pertumbuhan spesifik ikan yang diberi suplementasi daun insulin (3,46-3,79%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan ikan kontrol (3,19%) linier dengan nilai efisiensi pakan. Retensi protein tertinggi terdapat pada ikan dengan pakan daun insulin 1%, sedangkan retensi lemak tertinggi terdapat pada pakan 1,5%. Kenaikan glukosa darah post-prandial lebih lambat dibandingkan pada ikan kontrol. Kadar toleransi glukosa juga memperoleh waktu yang lebih singkat untuk kembali ke level basal setelah injeksi glukosa. Peningkatan aktivitas enzimatik juga terjadi pada ikan yang diberi suplementasi daun insulin. Konsentrasi lipid dan glikogen hati menurun, dan indeks somatik hati meningkat. Biokimia darah menunjukkan rendahnya kadar total protein plasma dan albumin pada ikan yang diberi suplementasi, serta kadar trigliserida dan kolesterol yang lebih tinggi selama proses pemulihan menggunakan cadangan energi dari jaringan adiposa saat dipuasakan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa suplementasi daun insulin berpotensi untuk meningkatkan pemanfaatan karbohidrat dengan menstimulasi penggunaan glukosa secara efisien sebagai energi utama, sementara protein dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pertumbuhan. Data kami menunjukkan bahwa tingkat suplementasi daun insulin terbaik dalam pakan ikan adalah 1,36%. Kata kunci: daun insulin, efek hemat, homeostatis, glukosa

Growth Performance, Feed Efficiency and Feed Cost per Gain of Juvenile Redclaw Crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus Fed Different Commercial Diets Hendriana, Andri; Haifa, Aliya Nurul; Ekasari, Julie; Taufiqulloh; Wahyudi, Imam Tri
Journal of Vocational in Aquaculture (JAVA) Vol 1 No 1 (2024): NOVEMBER 2024
Publisher : College of Vocational Studies, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/java.v1i1.59550

Aquaculture production is greatly influenced by species growth, feed efficiency, and feed costs. This study aims to evaluate different commercial diets on growth performance, feed efficiency, and feed cost per gain of juveniles redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus. The study used three treatments triplicate, consisting of Diet A (commercial diet with crude protein 40%), Diet B (commercial diet with crude protein 41%), and Diet C (commercial diet with crude protein 41%). The initial crayfish, with sizes of 0,24 ± 0,03 g and 2,1 ± 0,1 cm, were stocked in nine glass tanks (100 cm × 40 cm × 40 cm) with a stocking density of 50 crayfish m-2 for 60 days. The crayfish were fed twice daily at 07.00 and 17.00 WIB under a restricted feeding rate of 3% of biomass. The result shows that the final weight, average daily growth, specific growth rate feed conversion ratio, protein retention, and protein efficiency ratio did not differ in each treatment (P>0,05). Besides, the feed cost per gain (FCG) showed that diet B and diet C were better than diet A (P<0,05), with values of IDR 27,679±2,378 kg-1 and IDR 26,579±2,624 kg-1, respectively, which means those treatments having better economic value. So, This study concluded that commercial diet C is recommended as feed for redclaw crayfish because it is more economical.

Co-Authors , Alimuddin , Sarmin A. Shofy Mubarak Achmad Fauzi, Ichsan Afiff , Usamah Agus Suprayudi, Muhammad Alimuddin Apriana Vinasyiam Arzi, Jibal Rizki Akbar Audia Wuryas Pradita Negara, Grenda Aulia, Salsabila Setya Azis Kurniansyah Bako, Surandha Banin, Muhammad Ilham Labulal Billi Rifa Kusumah Cahyo, Arif Dwi DEBY YUNIASARI DEDI JUSADI Deffi Ayu Puspito Sari Dewi, Ratih Kemala Dian Hardiantho DIANA ELIZABETH WATURANGI Dinamella Wahjuningrum Dodi Hermawan Dwi Hany Yanti Eddy Supriyono Elas, Putri Enang Harris Surawidjaja, Enang Harris Faiqotul Himmah, Maihardiyanti Fajrin, Anang Fardila Putri, Rizqiyatul Faris Allam, Muhammad Fatma Hajiali Fauzan Fauzi, Hilmi Fitriani, Farida Frid Agustinus Gebbie Edriani Giri Maruto Darmawangsa, Giri Maruto Glenaldi Halim Gustilatov, Muhamad Hadi Pratama, Ricky Haifa, Aliya Nurul Handayani, Tri Novi Hanif Azhara, Muhammad Hardjanto , Arini Harton Arfah Hendriana, Andri Ichsan Achmad Fauzi Imlani, Ainulyakin Hasan Inarto, Hendri Indi Jaka Nugraha Ing Mokoginta Iqbal Kurniawinata, Mohamad Jhon Lamhot F. Napitupulu, Jhon Lamhot F. Julyantoro, Pande Gde Sasmita K. Sumantadinata Kukuh Nirmala La Muhamad, Idul Lesmanawati, Wida M. Zairin Junior Mahendra, Tangkas Marisa Ramadanti Mausul Mashita, Nurul Maulana, Fajar Meritha, Wellya Wichi Meti Ekayani Mia Setiawati MUHAMMAD AGUS SUPRAYUDI Mulya, Muhammad Arif Munjayana, Munjayana MUNTI YUHANA Nababan, Yanti Inneke Nasrullah, Hasan Nur Bambang Priyo Utomo Nur Bambang Priyo Utomo Nur, Abidin Nurfadhilah . Paramadina, Siwi Pasha, Hilda Kemala Pattipeilohy, Christian Ernsz Priyoutomo, Nur Bambang Radi Ihlas Albani Raditya Gumelar, Muhammad Ridwan Siskandar ROSELIEN CRAB Samsu Adi Rahman Senja, Reza Karunia Shidik, Taufik Shidik Adi Nugroho SITI MARYAM Sri Nuryati Sudrajat, R Herman Sujaka Nugraha Sukenda . Sumantri, Iwan Sumiana, I Kadek Sumitro Syarifah Ruchyani Syefti Palmi, Revita Talita Shofa Adestia Tatag Budiardi Taufiqulloh Utari, Heny Budi Utomo, Nurbambang Priyo Wahyudi, Imam Tri WIDANARNI WIDANARNI Widya Puspitasari WILLY VERSTRAETE Wiyoto Wiyoto Wiyoto Wiyoto, Wiyoto Y. Hadiroseyani

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