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All Journal Farmaka Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology JURNAL PHARMASCIENCE Pharmascience IDJP (Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics) Jurnal Kesehatan Bakti Tunas Husada IKRA-ITH Teknologi Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Journal of Pharmacopolium Majalah Farmasetika Pharmacoscript Abdi: Jurnal Pengabdian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat PREPOTIF : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia Indonesia Natural Research Pharmaceutical Journal (INRPJ) Science Midwifery Analit: Analytical and Environmental Chemistry Karya Kesehatan Siwalima Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat (Jupemas) Corona: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Umum, Psikolog, Keperawatan dan Kebidanan Jurnal Kesehatan Bakti Tunas Husada Jurnal Sains Farmasi dan Kesehatan Jurnal Farmasi Ma Chung: Sains, Teknologi, dan Klinis Komunitas Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Jurnal Farmasi Galenika Analit: Analytical And Environmental Chemistry
Garnadi Jafar, Garnadi
Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Bhakti Kencana
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Dentistry Education Energy Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Physics Public Health Veterinary Other

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Journal : Science Midwifery

 1 
Formula development and characterization of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) vitamin E acetate with solid lipids compritol and precirol Salsabilla, Syifa; Jafar, Garnadi; Fatmawati, Fenti
Science Midwifery Vol 12 No 5 (2024): December: Health Sciences and related fields
Publisher : Institute of Computer Science (IOCS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/midwifery.v12i5.1752

Abstract

Vitamin E acetate has antioxidant activity that can prevent premature aging of the skin, but its nature is very lipophilic (log p±12.2) and has the potential to degrade. To overcome the problems of permeability and stability, vitamin E acetate needs to be developed in Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC), which is a nano delivery system based on solid lipids and liquid lipids stabilized by surfactants as a colloidal system. The formulation of vitamin E acetate into NLC was carried out using the heat homogenization method, then sonicated using a probe sonicator. The materials used were 2% vitamin E acetate, 2-6% Compritol® and Precirol® solid lipids, 1% Myritol®, and 1-3% Chremophore and Plantacare® surfactants. The NLC results were then characterized by measuring particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, and morphology. The characterization results showed that NLC vitamin E acetate had a particle size of 280-375 nm, a zeta potential of -23 mV to -28 mV, a polydispersity index <0.5, an entrapment efficiency of 92-97%, and a spherical morphology. The results showed that Nanostructured Lipid Carrier vitamin E acetate gave good results.
Formulation and characterization of bay leaf extract nanophytosomes (Syzgium polyanthum) and affinity study of interaction with alpha glucosidase enzyme as antidiabetic Septianti, Regina Dwi; Jafar, Garnadi; Dinayanti, Westi Nur; Dinata, Deden Indra
Science Midwifery Vol 13 No 1 (2025): April: Health Sciences and related fields
Publisher : Institute of Computer Science (IOCS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/midwifery.v13i1.1888

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic syndrome disease in which around 90-95% of all cases of adults aged 20-79 years suffer from type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, with long-term conventional treatment causing side effects of hypoglycemia. Bay leaves which contain quercetin and kaempferol compounds are able to lower blood glucose levels, but have challenges in drug delivery due to easy oxidation and low bioavailability. Therefore, an innovative drug delivery system is needed, such as nanophytosomes, to increase its bioavailability. Objective: This study aims to develop a thin film formula of bay leaf extract nanophytosomes that have antidiabetic affinity with in silico studies and evaluate the physical characteristics of nanophytosomes. Method: in silico using the molecular docking method to evaluate the interaction of active compounds of bay leaves with the alpha glucosidase enzyme. Bay leaf nanophytosomes are formulated using heat homogenization and probe sonicator techniques. Characterization is carried out by measuring particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and particle morphology. Results: The nanophytosome formula of bay leaf extract showed a particle size of <1000 nm, a polydispersity index of <0.5, and a zeta potential of ±25 mV. In silico studies showed that quercetin and kaempferol have a strong affinity for the α-glucosidase enzyme, which plays an important role in inhibiting glucose absorption. Conclusion: Bay leaf extract can be formulated into a phytosome-based nanoparticle delivery system that shows stable physical characteristics, high adsorption efficiency, and potential antidiabetic activity through the interaction of inhibiting the α-glucosidase enzyme.
Formulation and characterization of nanoemulgel of ethanol extract of bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) as an anti-burn agent using the hot plate method using white wistar rats Ningrum, Windi Pratama; Jafar, Garnadi; Pramudiahwardani, Ananda Rota; Kusriani, Herni
Science Midwifery Vol 13 No 1 (2025): April: Health Sciences and related fields
Publisher : Institute of Computer Science (IOCS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/midwifery.v13i1.1890

Abstract

Introduction: Wounds are tissue damage that can cause functional disorders and risk of infection. Effective wound management is essential to accelerate tissue regeneration and prevent complications. Bay leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum) contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponins that have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and wound healing activities. However, the limited bioavailability and skin penetration of these active compounds are challenges in topical therapy. Objective: This study aims to develop and evaluate a topical drug delivery system based on bay leaf extract nanoemulsion as an alternative therapy to accelerate wound healing. Method: Extraction was carried out using ethanol solvent, then formulated into a nanoemulsion with oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant components. Formulation characterization was carried out by measuring particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and physical stability tests. Evaluation of effectiveness was carried out using a wound model in Wistar rats with the hot plate induction method. Wound healing observations were carried out clinically and histologically for a period of 14 days. Results: The formulation results showed that the nanoemulsion had a particle size of <200 nm, PDI <0.5, and zeta potential of ±25 mV, indicating good physical stability. Burn activity tests showed that topical administration of bay leaf extract nanoemulsion accelerated wound contraction, increased epithelialization, and improved tissue structure compared to the control group. Conclusion: Bay leaf extract can be formulated in a nanoemulsion-based nanoparticle delivery system that shows stable physical characteristics and is effective in accelerating wound healing.
Formulation and characterization of tretinoin nanosuspension and in silico testing as an anti-inflammatory Ramadhoni, M Ayodia; Jafar, Garnadi; Halizah, Arin Nur; Fatmawati, Fenti
Science Midwifery Vol 13 No 1 (2025): April: Health Sciences and related fields
Publisher : Institute of Computer Science (IOCS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/midwifery.v13i1.1892

Abstract

Introduction: Tretinoin is an effective retinoid derivative for acne therapy, but has formulation challenges due to its lipophilic nature and high crystallinity. An appropriate formulation strategy is needed to improve its stability and bioavailability. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the compatibility of tretinoin with excipients in nanosuspension formulations and their physicochemical characterization. Methods: Preliminary tests were carried out using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), crystallinity was analyzed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and thermal analysis by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Nanosuspension characterization includes particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency. In silico test of the potential of tretinoin as a COX-2 inhibitor related to anti-inflammatory effects. Results: FTIR results showed no chemical interaction between tretinoin and excipients. XRD showed a decrease in tretinoin crystallinity after mixing with HPMC and PVP. DSC showed a shift in the melting point of tretinoin, indicating a physical interaction with excipients. Characterization of nanosuspension showed particle size <1000 nm, polydispersity index <0.5, zeta potential ±-20 mV, and entrapment efficiency >80%. In silico tests show that tretinoin has a binding energy of -9.57 kcal/mol against the Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme with an inhibition constant of 96.03 nM. Conclusion: Tretinoin shows good compatibility and physicochemical characteristics in nanosuspension formulation, as well as potential as an anti-inflammatory agent through COX-2 inhibition.
Article review: Gastroretentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) in captopril Sutiyah, Siti; Jafar, Garnadi
Science Midwifery Vol 13 No 2 (2025): June: Health Sciences and related fields
Publisher : Institute of Computer Science (IOCS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/midwifery.v13i2.1920

Abstract

Captopril is an antihypertensive drug that belongs to the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACE-Inhibitor) class and is widely applied for first-line therapy. This drug has a pharmacokinetic profile with a short half-life of about 2-3 hours, is easily soluble in water, and is stable under acidic conditions (pH 1.2). However, its stability decreases as the pH increases, making it susceptible to degradation. Absorption of captopril in the stomach does not take place completely due to the low gastro retention time (GTR), causing its bioavailability to be low (around 65%). To increase drug effectiveness, reduce degradation, and improve patient compliance, various drug delivery systems have been developed. One promising approach is the Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System (GRDDS), which is a sustained release drug delivery system deliberately designed to maintain the drug longer in the stomach. This review article aims to examine GRDDS methods that can be applied to captopril, including modification of the matrix and polymer used, in order to obtain a better drug release profile and improve drug characteristics. The literature review was searched using databases namely PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, with publication year coverage from 2014 to 2024. The keywords used included: “Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System (GRDDS)”.
Formulation and evaluation of thin film nanoemultion from rose flower ethanol extract (rosa hybrida hort.) and antidiabetes mellitus type 2 activity test using in vitro enzyme Gustana, Erick Kurniawan; Jafar, Garnadi; Aligita, Widhya; Nurfaiza, Putri; Hanaya, Cicia Rosa; Salsabilla, Syifa
Science Midwifery Vol 13 No 2 (2025): June: Health Sciences and related fields
Publisher : Institute of Computer Science (IOCS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/midwifery.v13i2.1969

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with a rising global prevalence. Natural antidiabetic agents derived from plant bioactive compounds offer a promising therapeutic alternative. Rose flowers (*Rosa hybrida Hort*) contain flavonoids such as kaempferol, known for their antidiabetic activity. However, poor solubility and bioavailability limit their therapeutic potential. This study aimed to develop and characterize a nanoemulsion of rose flower extract to enhance the stability and bioavailability of its active compounds. The extract was obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol and analyzed using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Nanoemulsion formulations were developed using various types and concentrations of nonionic surfactants. Characterization included particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and morphology. The optimal nanoemulsion showed a particle size <300 nm, PDI <0.5, and zeta potential around ±20 mV, indicating good stability. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed uniformly distributed spherical globules. LC-MS/MS confirmed the presence of kaempferol as the main active compound. The formulated nanoemulsion was successfully incorporated into an oral thin film, exhibiting favorable characteristics such as appropriate particle size, PDI, zeta potential, morphology, and satisfactory evaluation results including organoleptic properties, moisture content, pH, weight uniformity, film thickness, folding endurance, and disintegration time.
Lipid-based nanoparticle delivery system approach for diabetic wounds: A review Choerrunisa, Choerrunisa; Jafar, Garnadi; Sukmawati, Ika Kurnia
Science Midwifery Vol 13 No 5 (2025): Health Sciences and related fields
Publisher : Institute of Computer Science (IOCS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/midwifery.v13i5.2148

Abstract

Diabetic wounds are a chronic complication that is difficult to heal due to impaired blood circulation, oxidative stress, and microbial infection. Conventional therapies are often ineffective due to poor drug penetration into damaged skin tissue and limited bioavailability of active compounds. Lipid nanoparticle-based drug delivery technology was developed to overcome these obstacles by increasing stability, skin penetration ability, and controlled drug release. Objective: This article aims to comprehensively review the role of lipid-based nanoparticle delivery systems in improving the effectiveness of diabetic wound healing therapy, including the mechanisms of absorption enhancement, active substance stability, and pharmacological activity. Methods: This study is a systematic literature review of national and international publications over the past ten years (2015–2025). Data sources were obtained from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases using keywords “lipid nanoparticles,” “diabetic wound healing,” and “transdermal drug delivery.” Inclusion criteria included experimental studies and review articles discussing lipid nanoparticle formulations and their therapeutic effects on diabetic wounds. Results: Various studies have shown that lipid-based nanoparticle systems, including nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), can improve the stability and permeation of active ingredients such as curcumin, asiatic acid, and other herbal extracts through the skin. This improvement contributes to better anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities, thereby accelerating the healing process of diabetic wounds. Conclusion: Lipid-based nanoparticle technology offers an innovative approach to diabetic wound therapy by improving the stability, bioavailability, and effectiveness of active ingredients. Further development is needed for formulation optimization and clinical validation to ensure the safety and effectiveness of its use in diabetic patients.
Development of a natural nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC)-based delivery system as an antidiabetic and diabetic wound agent: A review Novianti, Tamia Rizqi; Kusriani, R. Herni; Jafar, Garnadi
Science Midwifery Vol 13 No 5 (2025): Health Sciences and related fields
Publisher : Institute of Computer Science (IOCS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/midwifery.v13i5.2152

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion. Diabetes often causes serious complications such as diabetic wounds, which are characterized by the appearance of ulcers, infections, or tissue damage in the feet. Conventional therapeutic approaches often show less than optimal effectiveness due to limited drug penetration into damaged skin tissue. The use of natural ingredients with antidiabetic and wound healing activities has been widely studied, but their effectiveness is often hampered by low solubility, stability, and bioavailability. One innovative strategy to overcome these problems is the development of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, one of which is Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC). NLC is a lipid delivery system that combines solid and liquid lipids to increase stability, drug loading capacity, and control the release of active compounds. Purpose: This article aims to review the development of formulations from natural ingredients that have potential as antidiabetic and diabetic wound healing activities. Methods: This study is a literature review of articles published in the last ten years (2015 – 2025) from the ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. Results: Based on several studies, it shows that various active compounds such as curcumin (Curcuma longa), bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum), and other flavonoid compounds have been formulated in the NLC system with significant improvements in stability, bioavailability, and pharmacological effectiveness. Conclusion: The NLC-based drug delivery system from natural ingredients has proven potential in increasing the effectiveness of antidiabetic therapy and diabetic wound healing. Further research is needed to optimize formulation stability, long-term toxicity testing, and clinical validation to support its therapeutic application.
Co-Authors Abdul Mulki Irpani Agung Laksono S, Moch Agus Sulaeman Agus Sulaeman Aligita, Widhya Aliyya Kurniasih Agustiani Amalia Putri, Amalia Ani Anggriani Arif Rubianto Ariqa Hidayatun Nisa Buana Irviana Prita Choerrunisa, Choerrunisa Dadih Supriadi Damayanti, Hilda Deden I Dinata Deden Indra Dinata Deden Indra Dinata, Deden Indra Deny Puryani Devianti Sagita, Novaliana Dila Anggraeni Dinayanti, Westi Nur Dini Auliya Azmi Dwi C, Alya Elis Susilawati Elisabeth Weya Elsa Yunita Septiani Elvano, Deki Rifa Embas Saraswati, Dewa Ayu Emma Emawati, Emma ERISKA AGUSTIN Faisha Farras Kartanagara Fatmawati Fenti Fatmawati Karim Fatmawati, Fenti Fenti Fatmawati Fenti Fatmawati Ghea Nadira Shinta Gustana, Erick Kurniawan Halizah, Arin Nur Hanaya, Cicia Rosa Helen Fitri Novianti Herni Kusriani, R. Iceu Mulyati Iin Siti Aminah, Iin Siti Ira Adiyati Jajang Japar Sodik Khiong, Tjia Khie Latifah, Zahra Alfa Lia Marliani Mahran A, Ghani Maisyah, Aini Marita Kaniawati Mindiarto, Ahmad Bagus Muhamad Reza Pahlevi Mulyani Yani Ningrum, Windi Pratama Novaliana Devianti Sagita Novianti, Tamia Rizqi Nurfadillah, Rizal Nurfaiza, Putri Nurul Rahmalia Olivia Eka Putri Pahlevi, Muhamad Reza Patonah, Patonah Pebriawati, Silpi Pramudiahwardani, Ananda Rota Pratama, Reza Putriyanti Al-fira Putriyanti, Al-fira R. Awaludin Nazal N Rachmat Mauludin Rahmat Santoso Raisya Salsabila Ramadhoni, M Ayodia Ratu Fania Aprilyanti Reza Pahlevi, Muhamad Ria Riantini Riantini, Ria Rismawanti, Rusi Roganda Situmorang Rosyana, Nasywa Rusi Rismawanti Sagita, Novaliana Devianti Saleh Wikarsa, Saleh Salsabilla, Syifa Sasanti Tarini Darijanto, Sasanti Tarini Septianti, Regina Dwi Shelvy E Suherman Siti Jamilah Siti Raeyuni Maulidia Belina Siti Saidah Muthmainah Sofian, Ryan Soni Muhsinin Sukmawati, ika kurnia Sutiyah, Siti Sutrisno, Entris Syarfa, Ahmad Syerliana Syerliana Tambunan, Irisanna Wahyu Wijayanti Wijaya, Teguh Pradinata Winasih Rachmawati Yani Mulyani Yani Mulyani Yolanda Putri Aloenida Yuyun Yuyun Zakiyah, Nadhira Zalfa Dary Pernadi