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Journal : Jurnal DIALEKTIKA : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial

The Responsibility of Military Command in the Enforcement of Humanitarian Law: A Case Study of the Russia–Ukraine Conflict Nadi Chaidir; Dedi Iryanto; Tarsisius Susilo; Rahman Yadi; Joko Prasetyo
Jurnal Dialektika: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Vol. 23 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Dialektika: Jurnal Ilmu sosial
Publisher : Pengurus Pusat Perkumpulan Ilmuwan Administrasi Negara Indonesia (PIANI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63309/dialektika.v23i2.554

Abstract

International humanitarian law (IHL) imposes a strict obligation on military leaders to protect civilians and prevent their troops from committing violations through the principle of command responsibility. However, field practices often deviate, especially during the Russia-Ukraine conflict that escalated since February 2022. This research aims to (1) describe the normative framework of command responsibility, (2) analyze the implementation of command accountability in the conflict, and (3) provide strategic recommendations to enhance the enforcement of IHL. The research design uses a normative-qualitative approach with case studies, where international legal instruments (Geneva Conventions, Additional Protocol I, Rome Statute) and International Criminal Court rulings are used as primary sources. Secondary data in the form of reports from leading NGOs (Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, ICRC) and peer-reviewed academic literature were analyzed through content analysis to examine the elements of knowledge, prevention, and enforcement by military commanders. Source triangulation and peer debriefing ensure the validity and reliability of the findings. The research findings reveal patterns of serious violations, including indiscriminate attacks, forced displacement of civilians, and destruction of humanitarian facilities, occurring without adequate prevention or enforcement efforts by the military command. Political obstacles, destruction of evidence, denial of jurisdiction, and limited institutional capacity hinder accountability. In conclusion, although the HHI framework has matured, its implementation requires strengthening scenario-based training, revising standard operating procedures for rapid investigations, and access protocols for international investigators. Further studies are recommended to involve field interviews and internal document analysis to enrich the understanding of command responsibility practices. Keywords: Command accountability, Command responsibility, Enforcement of law, International humanitarian law, Russia–Ukraine conflict
Co-Authors Adhe Anniza Pramesti Agung Dwi Laksono Agus Heselo Agus Jatmiko Alexander Turnip Andes Galuh Natalia Andy Mustafa Akad Anggraeni, Novita Anna Anise Wulandari Ari Saputra Arif, Renny Febrina Armaini Armaini Arno, Giarno Cahyono, Ibnu CIPTA GINTING Cipta Ginting Dame Trully Gultom Daning Nurhalisa Kairupan Darwin H. Pangaribuan Darwin H. Pangaribuan Dede Rahayu Dedi Iryanto Deva Vanola Devita Alfandri Dewi Maya Maharani Dimas Ardiansyah Dwi Fuji Ginting Dwi Retnoningsih Edy Sarwono Efri Efri Efri Efri Efri Efri Efri Efri Eka Candra Lina Elisa Dwi Aprilia Elsa Wulandari Erlanda Kurnia Erni Aslinda Etty Khamdiyah Evi Kurniati F. X. Susilo F. X. Susilo F.X. Soesilo Faris Faishol Fikriyah Shofiah Mawaddah Gigih Widyawantoro Gita Yulistia Gregorius Bambang Heru Haikal Nurkalam Haryono, Wasis Hasriadi Mat Akin Hasriadi Mat Akin Herpiah Herpiah Herpiah I Dewa Made Subrata I Gede Swibawa Ichwan Surya Nugraha Ilmana Bintang Lazuardi Indasah Indra Nurita Octavia Intan Zahara Arie Irma Putri Pujianti Irman Mahbudi Irwandi Irwandi Isak Waine ito, Wulan Permatasari Ivayani Ivayani Ivayani Ivayani Juwita Suri Maharani Kamsiatun Eka Pratama Kusyani, Asri La Choviya Hawa Lestari Wibowo Lulu Rom Adonie Maria Haryanti Butarbutar Masruroh Hasyim Miriam Baersady Mochamad Rochman Moh Khoirul Anam Mohammad Hidayatur Rozaq Muhamad Arief Yulianto Muhamad Idola Hartas Muhammad Andrian Muhammad Deri Bastian Muhammad Nurdin Muhammad Nurdin Muhammad Nurdin Muhammad Nurdin Muhammad Ridwan Na’im Muhammad Rifky Zulkarnaen Mulya Juarsa Murniati Murniati Musthofa Lutfi Nadi Chaidir Niar Nurmauli Nikmatur Rohmah Nirwana Haidar Hari Nova Adelina Lubis Novia Lusiana NOVRI NELLY Nur Alfian, Rizal Nur Wijayanti Nurhasanah Pahlawansjah Harahap Paulus Wardoyo Pratiwi Iswari Prima Fithri Radix Suharjo Radix Suharjo Rahman Yadi Ratna Wardani Rayhan Fadhlurrahman Retno Damayanti Reza Putri Reza Rienaldy Putra Richa Latifatin Nisa' Rusli Rustam Safitri Wulansari Salama Sely Sandra Sandra Senja Aklirinhua Sentot Imam Suprapto Septa Chandra Septya Eka Prasetia Rani Seputro Edhy S Setiawan, Eko Supri Sindi Alfianti Siti Amina Zainal Slamet Djoko S Slamet Djoko Sunarko Suci Nurjannah Sudiono Sudiono Sudiono Sudiono Suskandini Ratih Dirmawati Sutrisno Hadi Wibisono Tarsisius Susilo Tiara Puspa Yendi Tin Dwi Kartiningsih Tin Dwi Kartiningsih Tineke Mandang Titiek Nur Aeny Titik Nur Aeny Titik Nur Aeny Titik Nur Aeny Titin Susanti Tiya Oviana Tri Maryono Wahyunanto Agung Nugroho Wildan Novel Winda Giofanny Yugiantoro, Bekti Setiawan Yuly Peristiowati Yunita Fitri Astuti Yusron Haries Yuzita Nurfitriani Zavira Riswinda Azzahra