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Adi Sutrisno
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Journal : LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching

 1 
TRANSLATING ENGLISH -ED REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES INTO INDONESIAN: CORPUS EVIDENCE AND PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATIONS Sutrisno, Adi; Denistia, Karlina
LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching Vol 28, No 2 (2025): October 2025
Publisher : English Education Study Programme of Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/llt.v28i2.9141

Abstract

The translation of reduced relative clauses from English to Indonesian is problematic because this construction exists in English but lacks a direct equivalent in Indonesian. This study investigates how -ed reduced relative clauses (RRCs) are realised in English and rendered into Indonesian by Google Translate, focusing on structural change, syntactic function, and modifier type. Using CQPWeb with the query “_NN +ed_VVN,” we extracted 285 sentences containing -ed RRCs from the Present-day English corpus. Results show that Indonesian translations consistently re-expand English RRCs into full clauses introduced by the obligatory relativiser yang, regardless of syntactic position (SS, OS, iOS, OPS, CS). This re-expansion preserves the syntactic role of the head noun but sometimes shifts modifier type due to lexical or predicate differences. These findings extend prior descriptions of Indonesian relativisation with corpus-based evidence from MT output and highlight typological constraints influencing how neural MT systems handle clause reduction. From the pedagogical perspective, the results highlight the need for explicit instruction on structural differences between English and Indonesian relative clauses, particularly the non-optional use of yang, in EFL learning. Integrating corpus-based MT examples into teaching could help learners process texts and improve translation accuracy.
Co-Authors ., Margiyono Abdul Rahim Abdul Rahman Abidah, Amelia Nur Aditia Syaprillah, Aditia Afandi, Titah Afkarina, Fika Sofiah Agang, Mohammad Wahyu Agang, Wahyu Ahmad Zein, Yahya Aisyah, Rasyidah Nur Amtiran, Maya Romanti Anggia Suci Pratiwi Anindya, Widya Dara Aracelly, Aisya Arief Budiono Arif Rohman Arifulloh, Mohammad Astutik, Lidia Azmi, Nazril Bramasto Nugroho Dendi Nosya, Akhmad Dudung Darusman DWI SANTOSO Dwiyanto, Efri Egra, Saat Elida Novita ENDANG NURHAYATI Fakhrurroja, Hanif Faojiah, Rahma Septiany Farid, Mifta Faza Hannan, Faza Hannan Febrina, Ria Fikri Fikri Hakim, Amirul Hosnol Wafa Hosnol Wafa, Hosnol Husin Ali, Muhammad I Dewa Putu Wijana Ilyas Pratama, Nuriana Imansyah, Ananda Adil Indra Tjahyadi Islamia, Hikmatul Kanoko, Nanda Putra Karlina Denistia, Karlina Kartodihardjo, Hariadi Kusnadi, Erwan Lidyana, Novita Maftuha, Rofiah Ulil Maharani, Reriskha Mahbub, Moh. Tarojjil Mailawati Ma’ruf, Amir Meiliana Nurfitriani, Meiliana Mohammad Zamroni Mulyono, Sugeng Edy Ni Gusti Ayu Roselani Nurdin, Rahil Rohimah Nurfahmi*, Ardia Pramesti Nuril Hidayati Pramulya, Rahmat Pratiwi, Anggia Suci Purinanda, Faza Hannan Puspitasari, Devi Ambarwati Rasyidah Nur Aisyah Rustianawati, Mutimmah Sakaria Sakaria Sayaza, Mas Davino Setyawan, Rakha Siti Sudartini Sri Andayani Sri Andayani Sugeng Edy Mulyono Suhandano Sujianto Sujianto Suyani, Ida Sugeng Thomas Joko Priyo Sembodo Titing, Deny Tjahjo Tri Hartono Tofan Dwi Hardjanto Wahyuni, Etty Wahyuni, Ety Wibisono Yudhi Kurniawan Yani Yani