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Effectivity of Cacao Rind Ethanol Extract in Inhibiting Streptococcus Pyogenes Growth In Vitro Cynthia Dwi Ramadhanie; Sri Purwaningsih; Eko Budi Koendhori
JUXTA: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga Vol. 11 No. 1 (2020): Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/juxta.V11I12020.6-8

Abstract

Introduction: Infectious disease is still a common cause of illness and death in developing countries, such as Indonesia. One of the bacteria that causes infectious disease is Streptococcus pyogenes. Cacao fruit is a large commodity in Indonesia and has benefit for human. Cacao’s rind is known to contain several active compounds such as flavonoid and alkaloid that have antibacterial effect that can inhibit Streptococcus pyogenes growth. This research aims to evaluate the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of cacao rind ethanol extract in inhibiting Streptococcus pyogenes growth in vitro.  Methods: This research was a laboratory experimental study, testing antibacterial activity of cacao’s rind ethanol extract in inhibiting growth of bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes using dilution method in vitro to know the MIC and MBC result. Sample of bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes was obtained from Balai Besar Laboratorium, Surabaya. Sample of cacao’s rind ethanol extract was extracted at Balai Materia Medica, Batu.  Results: At the beginning this experiment was done to find the MIC and MBC of cacao’s rind ethanol extract against the growth of bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes, but the researcher can only find the MBC result, because the extract color is very dark, so the turbidity result of tubes P1 – P7 cannot be compared to control tube. From the results, the researcher draws a table showing how turbid and dark those tubes are. More (+) signs means more turbid or darker the tube is. From dilution test, the MBC of cacao’s rind ethanol extract against the growth of bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes is 12.5%. Conclusion: Cacao’s rind (Theobroma cacao L.) was quite effective in increasing the growth of bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes in vitro, the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) is 12.5%
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya Ismi Masyithah; Usman Hadi; Eko Budi Koendhori
JUXTA: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga Vol. 12 No. 2 (2021): Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/juxta.V12I22021.57-60

Abstract

Introduction: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most common nosocomial infections in the intensive care unit (ICU). Mechanically, ventilated patients have a higher risk of VAP. VAP can increase morbidity, mortality, and treatment costs. However, Indonesia lacks data about VAP. The objective of this study was to find out the characteristics of VAP in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, in the period of August 2017 until August 2018.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study by assessing medical records of the patients in ICU. The variables observed in this study were age, gender, outcome, length of stay in the ICU (LOSICU), and primary diagnosis. The inclusion criteria were the patients who have been using mechanical ventilation at least 2 x 24 hours in the ICU and confirmed VAP. The data were analyzed descriptively by using Microsoft Excel 2016.Results: A total of 18 VAP patients were diagnosed. VAP patients were dominated male (55.6%). The mean of LOSICU was 22.83 ± 11.24 days, and the mortality rate of VAP patients was high (55.6%). 30% of VAP patients had Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) as the primary diagnosis, and 16.65% had Congenital Heart Disease (CHD).Conclusion: Most VAP patients were male and had prolonged stays. The mortality rate of VAP patients was still high. GBS was the most frequent of primary diagnoses in patients with VAP and also CHD.
PERAN LABORATORIUM MIKROSKOPIS TB DI PUSTU PULAU MANDANGIN SAMPANG MADURA Ni Made Mertaniasih; Eko Budi Koendhori; Deby Kusumaningrum; Pepy Dwi Endraswari; Djohar Nuswantoro; Soedarsono Soedarsono
Jurnal Layanan Masyarakat (Journal of Public Services) Vol. 1 No. 1 (2017): Jurnal Layanan Masyarakat
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3919.51 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/jlm.v1i1.2017.16-21

Abstract

Mandangin Island is one of the endemic areas of Pulmonary TB in Sampang. Island with an area of about 2 km2 and a population of more than 16 thousand inhabitants, has a high incidence of pulmonary TB. Based on reports from Head of Puskesmas, 57 of every 100 patients who came for treatment were Pulmonary TB patients. The problem is then required the role of TB laboratory for the diagnosis of TB in Pustu I. The method of implementation is done by FGD and mentoring. The results obtained in the implementation of community service is a feed back report and the proposed increase in the role of function of Pustu Mandangin I for the basic process can be PPM, and Pustu II as the preparation laboratory of sputum preparation of suspect tuberculosis patients. Both Pustu in TB laboratory network become the responsibility of Puskesmas Banyuanyar Sampang, as part of national TB laboratory network. It is important to maintain the quality of TB laboratories in TB diagnosis. AbstrakPulau Mandangin merupakan salah satu wilayah endemis TB Paru di Kabupaten Sampang. Pulau dengan dengan luas wilayah sekitar 2 km2 dan berpenduduk lebih dari 16 ribu jiwa, memiliki insidensi TB Paru yang tinggi. Berdasarkan laporan Kepala Puskesmas, sebanyak 57 dari tiap 100 pasien yang datang berobat adalah pasien TB Paru. Permasalahanya kemudian diperlukan peran laboratorium TB untuk penegakan diagnosis TB di Pustu I. Metode pelaksanaan dilakukan dengan cara FGD dan pendampingan. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah suatu laporan feed back dan usulan peningkatan peran fungsi Pustu Mandangin I untuk dasar proses dapat menjadi PPM, dan Pustu II sebagai laboratorium preparasi sediaan dahak pasien suspect TB. Kedua Pustu dalam jejaring laboratorium TB menjadi tanggung jawab Puskesmas Banyuanyar Sampang, sebagai bagian jejaring laboratorium TB nasional. Sangat penting menjaga mutu laboratorium TB dalam penegakan diagnosis TB. 
Tuberculous Meningitis: The Microbiological Laboratory Diagnosis and Its Drug Sensitivity Patterns Titiek Sulistyowati; Deby Kusumaningrum; Eko Budi Koendhori; Ni Made Mertaniasih
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 3 No. 2 (2017): Mei 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (480.609 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/jr.v3-I.2.2017.35-40

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Background: Tuberculosis continues one of the major challenges to global health. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex can affect any organ other than the lung parenchyma, include central nervous system. The mortality rate of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) are high worldwide with up to half of survivors suffering irreversible sequelae. Diagnosis of TBM is difficult due to paucibacillary, various clinical manifestation, and invasive procedure to appropriate specimens. Objective: The objectiveis to study the positivity rate of microbiological laboratory diagnosis and its drug sensitivity patterns of TBM patients in Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya during October 2015 until September 2016. Methods: Specimens were cerebrospinal fluids. Identification and drug anti TB sensitivity test were done by BACTEC MGIT 960 system in Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya. Result: Most patients with TBM were women (54.29%). Based on age groups, most dominant was adult population (65.71%). Proportion percentage of positive M. tuberculosis complex among 180 specimens were 19.44%. First line anti TB drug sensitivity pattern of 35 isolates were 1 monoresistant, 1 poly-resistant, no multiple drug resistant (MDR), and 33 pan-susceptible. Conclusion: Positivity rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex laboratory diagnosis from TBM suspect patients were low. There was no MDR TB in this study, but mono-resistant and poly-resistant. Microbiological diagnosis was important to give information of active disease and drug sensitivity pattern. Resistance to first line anti TB drugs is alarming to properly manage TBM patients.
Clinical Characteristic of Bloody Diarrhea in Under- Five Pediatric Inpatients Steven Christian Susianto; Alpha Fardah Athiyyah; Anak Agung Putri Nadia Paramitha; Eko Budi Koendhori; Khadijah Rizky Sumitro; Andy Darma; Reza Gunadi Ranuh; Subijanto Marto Sudarmo
Archives of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022): APGHN Vol. 1 No. 1 May 2022
Publisher : The Indonesian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (325.457 KB) | DOI: 10.58427/apghn.1.1.2022.9-16

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Background: Diarrhea is the most common cause of death in under-five children. Bloody diarrhea comprises around 10% of all cases of diarrhea and may lead to severe complications until death. This study examined the characteristics of bloody diarrhea in children under five years old in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya from 2013 to 2017. Material and Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from Dr. Soetomo General Hospital's inpatients with bloody diarrhea from 2013 to 2017. Gender, age, nutritional status, clinical symptoms, degree of dehydration, and laboratory results were assessed, and the data were presented in percentage (%) Results: Fifty-six samples were included in this study. The main demographics were male (58,9%), aged 7-24 months (44,6%), and normal nutritional status (66,1%). Meanwhile, the most notable manifestations were stool mucous (55,3%), mild to moderate degree of dehydration (60,7%), and leukocytosis (62%). Eleven patients (39,2%) had temperatures ≥380C. Leukocytes were positive in 93.7% of the stools. Furthermore, amoeba was found in 46,8% of samples. The serum electrolyte result showed hyponatremia (18%) and hypokalaemia (15%). Conclusion: The primary demographics of bloody diarrhea in under-five children admitted to Dr. Soetomo General Hospital were males, 7-24 months of age, and with normal nutritional status. The most frequent manifestations were mucous in stool, mild to moderate dehydration, leucocytosis, as well as positive leucocytes and amoeba in the stool.
Comparative evaluation between KOH and PAS stain of fungal examination result on lung Tuberculosis patients’ sputum with positive Ziehl-Neelsen stain Ratna Kusumawati; Eddy Bagus Wasito; Arthur Pohan Kawilarang; Eko Budi Koendhori
Qanun Medika - Jurnal Kedokteran FK UMSurabaya Vol 7 No 2 (2023): Journal Qanun Medika Vol 07 No 02
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/jqm.v7i2.18606

Abstract

Mycosis is often misdiagnosed as Tuberculosis (TB) with negative sputum smear results or Tuberculosis recurrent. In the last two-decade, mycosis increases dramatically as HIV and immunocompromised incidence rates increased. Even though, the prevalence data of mycosis in TB patient is less researched, the identification using KOH often give a false negative result. To compare the result of fungal identification using KOH and PAS staining. This study is observational analytical using a cross-sectional design with 29 TB samples that have been diagnosed with Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain positive in RSUD Dr. Soetomo. The sputum of every sample was colored with KOH and PAS and observed by the researcher and microbiology analyst. The results of this study were 22 sputa identified with Candida sp positive and 12 sputa with non-Candida positive using KOH staining. Meanwhile, using PAS staining, there were 25 sputa identified as Candida sp positive and 22 sputa as non-Candida positive. The congruency test between KOH and PAS has a fair result for both identifying Candida sp (κ = 0.298; significance = 0.069) and non-Candida (κ = 0.240; significance = 0.095). The identification of candida and non-candida in TB patients using KOH and PAS has a fair congruency result. The PAS staining has better identification results both in identifying candida and non-candida rather than KOH staining. 
Prevalence And Pattern Sensitivity Multidrug Antibiotics Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the High Care Unit at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Period 2022-2023 Ratna Kusumawati; Eko Budi Koendhori; Ni Made Mertaniasih; Irfan Arif Ikhwani; Dimas Firman Hidayat; Yelvi Levani; Ayu Lidya Paramitha
Qanun Medika - Jurnal Kedokteran FK UMSurabaya Vol 8 No 02 (2024): Qanun Medika Vol 08 No 02 2024
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/jqm.v8i02.22152

Abstract

The prevalence of Multidrug antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA) has been increasing during the decade And has become attention in hospital patients. This retrospective descriptive descriptive aimed to determine the prevalence of MDRPA and its sensitivity patterns. Data were taken from results of bacterial culture and antibiotic resistance tests from various clinical specimens from patients at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital throughout 2022-2023. The resistance test was carried out using a Vitek 2 compact instrument. MDRPA is defined as Pseudomonas aeruginosa that is not sensitive to three or more of the following classes of antibiotics: meropenem or imipenem, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin or amikacin, ceftazidime or cefepime, and piperacillin/ tazobactam. The prevalence of MDRPA was 57.0%. MDRPA isolates were also the most common origin from the burn unit and HCU A (high care unit A), mostly from pus specimens and sputum. Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensitivity was best with piperacillin/tazobactam (55.5%), meropenem (54.8%), amikacin (47.5%), gentamicin (46.5%), cefepime (46.3%), ceftazidime (45.0%), ciprofloxacin (44.7%) and aztreonam (43.2%). The sensitivity of MDRPA to antibiotics is much lower than that of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study showed high number of MDRPA specifically in Surabaya and the pattern sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa can become guidelines in choosing antibiotics treatment for patients.
THE ANTI-TB DRUG SENSITIVITY OF Mycobacterium tuberculosis FROM CEREBROSPINAL FLUID AND BONE TISSUE BIOPSY SPECIMENS OF PATIENTS SUSPECTED TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS AND SPINAL TB IN Dr SOETOMO HOSPITAL INDONESIA Mertaniasih, Ni Made; Kusumaningrum, Deby; Koendhori, Eko Budi; Harijono, Sugeng; Arky, Catur Endra; Putri, Jayanti; Urifah, Hanik
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 5 No. 3 (2014)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (152.009 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v5i3.236

Abstract

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is an infection of meningens which potentially life threatening with significant morbidity and mortality. Spinal TB has the same problem with TBM, infection in bone and joint, the delayed diagnosis worsens the prognosis. The rapid and accurate diagnosis plus promt adequate treatment is essential for the good outcome. The aim of this research is to study thefirst line drug sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from specimens of cerebrospinal fluid from suspected tuberculous meningitis patients and bone tissue biopsy from suspected spinal TB patients. The method of this research is TB Laboratory examination in Department of Clinical Microbiology – Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Indonesia, using the gold standard liquid culture method MGIT 960 System (Becton Dickinson) and solid culture method with Lowenstein-Jensen medium. The specimens CSF from 50 TBM patients at January 2013 until May 2014. Positive isolate detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex were 11 isolates (22%), which sensitivity 100% (11/11 isolates) to Rifampin (R), Pyrazinamide (Z), Ethambutol (E), and Streptomycin (S); one isolate resistant to Isoniazid, sensitivity to Isoniazid 90,90% (10/11); and received 21 specimens of bone tissue biopsy which positive 5 isolates(23%), all isolates sensitive 100% (5/5 isolates) to Rifampin and Pyrazinamide, and 1 isolates resistant to Isoniazid, Ethambutol, and Streptomycin, in which sensitivity 80% (4/5 isolates) to Isoniazid, Ethambutol, and Streptomycin. The conclusion of this research is positivity detection 22% of CSF specimens, and 23% of bone tissue biopsy were low. All isolates sensitive 100% to Rifampin and Pyrazinamide, and 80-90% sensitive to Isoniazid.
Effect of low voltage electric currents on the decrease of Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL and non-ESBL colonies Setya Wijoyo, Dhia Lintang; Koendhori, Eko Budi; Susilo, Imam; Wardhani, Puspa
Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): Available online : June 2023
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Clinical Microbiology (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mikrobiologi Klinik Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/jcmid.v3i1.17

Abstract

Introduction: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative bacteria and one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections, especially in the intensive care units. The use of liberal and irrational antibiotics is shown the emergence of antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. This research was conducted to evaluate if low voltage electric current on three kinds of solvent media could have an eradication effect. Methods: This was an experimental study, which was done at the Microbiology Laboratory of Harapan Kita Women and Children Hospital-Jakarta. This study used to isolate bacteria non-ESBL and ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae, thereupon will be dissolved in saline, Aqua destillata, and Ringer Lactate, each consisting of 8 samples. Each sample received a 0.5V and 10mA DC electric current; reduction of colonies was observed at 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes using DensiCHEK. Result: There was a decrease in the colony number of 2 bacterial groups in the first 30 minutes in all three media (p <0.01). The reduction was higher in the non-ESBL K. pneumoniae group. The decrease of bacterial colonies was higher in the Klebsiella pneumoniae group non ESBL in ringer lactate medium during 240 minutes observation compared to saline and Aqua destillata (p <0.001; p <0.001, respectively). The saline solution showed no different effect compared to aquadestillata. Conclusion: A direct current of 10 mA and 0.5 V intervention, on Ringer lactate media, could have a bacterial killing effect to Klebsiella pneumoniae non ESBL started from 30 minutes.  Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL needed a longer duration than non ESBL.
The effect of low-electrical voltage as a method to eradicate Acinetobacter baumannii bacteria Putri, Naomi Lesmana; Koendhori, Eko Budi; Susilo, Imam; Tambunan, Betty Agustina
Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): Available online: December 2023
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Clinical Microbiology (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mikrobiologi Klinik Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/jcmid.v3i2.20

Abstract

Introduction: Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the bacteria in critical priority according to WHO in 2017 and one of the causes of nosocomial infections in the world. These bacteria usually become resistant to antibiotics (Multi Drug Resistant Organism, MDRO), infect the bloodstream, and cause pneumonia. This study aimed to examine the effect of low-voltage electricity as a method to kill Acinetobacter baumannii by using a different electric current. Methods: This study is experimental research in the Microbiology Laboratory of RSAB Harapan Kita. Experiments were carried out using a solution of Acinetobacter baumannii non-MDRO and MDRO bacteria with a parallel design device opposite to the GPS 3030D power supply with a power of 90 W. Each tube was fitted with a 12 cm stainless steel rod conductor with a diameter of 3 mm and delivered amperage 1 mA, 2 mA, 5 mA, and 10 mA and 0.5V with each amperage performed 5 times and measured using DensiCHEK. Result: From 20 Acinetobacter baumannii non-MDRO experiments and 20 MDRO experiments, it was found that from 1 mA, 2 mA, 5 mA, and 10 mA with monitoring time of 30 minutes, 2 hours, and 4 hours, the results of bacterial eradication by DC stimulation with 5 mA and the most optimal time is 30 minutes according to what has been applied. Conclusion: Using an electric current of 5 mA and a duration of 30 minutes can reduce Acinetobacter baumannii MDRO and non-MDRO bacteria with more optimal results in the non-MDRO group.
Co-Authors ACHMAD RIFAI Alimsardjono, Lindawati Alpha Fardah Athiyyah Anak Agung Putri Nadia Paramitha Andy Darma Andy Setiawan Arthur Pohan Kawilarang Ayu Lidya Paramitha Bagus Meurah Suropati Bambang Purwanto Betty Agustina Tambunan Catur Endra Arky, Catur Endra Cynthia Dwi Ramadhanie Deby Kusumaningrum Dewi Ratna Sari Dewinta Enggar Pramesthi Dian Neni Naelasari Diani Dwi Indrasari Dimas Firman Hidayat Eddy Bagus Wasito Endraswari, Pepy Evy Ervianti Fernanda Toriq Ainur Rochman Gatut Hardianto, Gatut Hanik Urifah, Hanik Harsono, Setio Henky Mohammad Masteryanto Hermanto Tri Joewono I Gusti Made Reza Gunadi Ranuh Imam Susilo Irfan Arif Ikhwani Ismi Masyithah Jayanti Putri, Jayanti Juita, Liza Puspa Senja Asmara Juniastuti Juniastuti Kadariswantiningsih, Ika Khadijah Rizky Sumitro Kuntaman Kuntaman Kusumaningrumm, Deby Lestari, Aprilia Dwi Linda Dewanti Lindarto, Wira Widjaya M. Amin M. Amin ManikRetno Wahyunitisari Mia Rahardjo Muhammad Aafi Baharuddin Attamimi Muna, Nafdzu Mahmudatul Muna, Nafdzu Makhmudatul Nasicha, Arifatun Ni Made Mertaniasib Ni Made Mertaniasih Ni Njoman Juliasih Nurul Wiqoyah, Nurul Nuswantoro, Djohar Pepy Dwi Endraswari, Pepy Dwi Priyo Budi Purwono Putri, Naomi Lesmana Raihan Akbar Muhammad Rakhmatul Binti Sulistya Ratna Kusumawati Ratna Kusumawati Rebekah Setiabudi, Rebekah Rosantia Sarassari S. Soedarsono Sardjono, Lindawati Alim Sawitri Sawitri Semita, I Nyoman Setiawan, Firman Setya Wijoyo, Dhia Lintang Shazia Hafazhah Aulia Silvia Sutandhio Sri Purwaningsih Steven Christian Susianto Subijanto Marto Sudarmo Sugeng Harijono, Sugeng Terza Aflika Happy Titiek Sulistyowati Titiek Sulistyowati Ummi Maimunah Usman Hadi Vermasari, Naritha Wahyu Setyarini Wahyunitisari, Manik Retno Wardhani, Puspa Widyatama, Fikri Sasongko Wiwin Retnowati Yelvi Levani Yitijuatni Yuani Setiawati Yudayanti, Elprania Credo Yuliati Hood