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Analisis Hubungan Sipil-Militer di Indonesia Pasca Reformasi 1998 Djuyandi, Yusa; Sudirman, Arfin; Suryana, Nanang
Journal of Political Issues Vol 7 No 1 (2025): Journal of Political Issues
Publisher : Jurusan Ilmu Politik Universitas Bangka Belitung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33019/jpi.v7i1.337

Abstract

Dalam hubungan sipil-militer pada suatu negara demokrasi itu harus memiliki faktor keseimbangan kekuatan antara instrumen militer dengan instrumen non-militer. Indonesia sendiri tentunya memiliki sejarah perjalanan reformasi militer yang cukup panjang dan penuh akan hambatan berat, yang sumbernya itu sendiri biasanya berasal dari pemerintah atau rezim yang sedang berkuasa pada suatu negara. Setelah turunnya rezim tirani pada tahun 1998 tentunya menjadi langkah awal dari kebangkitan reformasi militer serta menuju arah pembentukan demokratisasi yang lebih baik di Indonesia. Seiring berjalannya waktu Indonesia semakin menunjukan indikasi positif dalam perjalanannya menuju ke arah demokrasi. reformasi TNI dan kontrol sipil di Indonesia sebenarnya dapat dikatakan belum sepenuhnya terwujud dan masih dalam proses transisi menuju ke civil society yang diharapkan. Sehingga, Indonesia harus tetap berhati-hati dan mawas diri dalam mensiasati dinamika yang mungkin saja terjadi dikemudian hari, karena potensi terjadinya konflik yang menciderai hubungan sipil-militer itu mungkin saja tetap ada dan akan terjadi. Penyusunan artikel penelitian ini dibuat berdasarkan penggunaan metode kualitatif berdasarkan pengumpulan data studi pustaka dengan menghasilkan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian yang ditemukan adalah bagaiamana reformasi militer saat ini di Indonesia, kemudian kebijakan politik dan lembaga terkait apa saja dalam kontrol militer pasca reformasi, dan penjelasan penilaian peneliti dalam hubungan sipil-militer di Indonesia.
SEKURITISASI INDONESIA TERHADAP KELOMPOK KEKERASAN BERSENJATA DALAM KONFLIK PAPUA DI MASA KEPRESIDENAN JOKO WIDODO Muzaffar, Eiji; Sudirman, Arfin; Djuyandi, Yusa
Aliansi Vol 2, No 3 (2023): Aliansi : Jurnal Politik, Keamanan Dan Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/aliansi.v2i3.51753

Abstract

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan adanya proses sekuritisasi dalam konflik Papua di era Kepresidenan Joko Widodo (terutama 2014-2018). Fokus utama penelitian ini adalah pendekatan keamanan yang didominasi oleh Indonesia terhadap permasalahan Papua, khususnya perubahan kebijakan dalam menangani KKB di Papua pasca-Reformasi melalui kerangka pikir sekuritisasi. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, artikel ini menunjukkan perubahan yang signifikan secara yuridis, terutama dalam penggunaan aparatus keamanan negara dalam menangani KKB di Papua saat ini. Namun demikian, penerapan kebijakan baru juga menunjukkan tumpang tindih dan kontradiktif, menjadikan situasi konflik di Papua hingga kini masih tidak pasti. This article aims to demonstrate the securitization processes within the Papua conflict during the presidency of Joko Widodo, particularly focusing on the years 2014-2018. The primary focus of this research is Indonesia's security-oriented approach to the Papua issue, specifically examining policy changes in addressing the Free Papua Movement (KKB) post-Reformasi through the securitization framework. Utilizing a qualitative method, the article illustrates significant juridical changes, especially in the use of state security apparatus in handling the current KKB situation in Papua. However, the implementation of new policies also shows overlap and contradiction, leaving the conflict situation in Papua uncertain to this day.
Identity and Border: Comparative Case of “Re-Bordering and De-Bordering” in Myanmar and Indonesia Pratisti, Siti Aliyuna; Sudirman, Arfin; lanti, Irman G.; Zahid, Ali
Proceedings of Sunan Ampel International Conference of Political and Social Sciences Vol. 2 (2024): Proceedings of the SAICoPSS
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/saicopss.2024.2..283-292

Abstract

Identity, as a symbolic system to interpret the world, plays a significant role in shaping human understanding, including social and political structures. Reid (2010) listed key identity markers, including religion, language, bounded sovereign space, censuses, and names. Ethnicity and religion retain a critical point as identity makers since they precede the nationalist identity–and may as well outlast them. In line with Reid’s argument, Farzana (2017) notes the danger of the process of “us” and “other-ing” in Myanmar as an example of how identity is prone to be manipulated to assist the needs and aspirations of the dominant elites, while at the same time, politically excluded the non-dominant ethnics and communities. This article explores how material ideas of borders connect to immaterial structures. Two formations of borders–Myanmar and Indonesia–are compared with focused on scrutinizing similarities and differences in the formation of the immaterial border between the two countries. Despite showing a palpable hypothesis–Indonesia being a successful case of identity construction, while Myanmar is quite the opposite–, revisiting and reconsidering the concept of ‘Re-bordering and De-bordering’ of the two countries are relevant to add new perspectives on the formation of national identity
Deep Pluralism in Indonesian Foreign Policy Under The Joko Widodo Administration Tia Panca Rahmadhani; Wawan Budi Darmawan; Arfin Sudirman
Administratio Vol 15 No 2 (2024): Administratio: Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi Publik dan Pembangunan
Publisher : Jurusan Ilmu Administrasi Publik, Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/administratio.v15i2.423

Abstract

Deep pluralism is used to describe post-colonial global society. At this point, power, wealth, cultural and political authority are widely distributed in a system that is highly interactive and interdependent. This concept has empirical and normative value for understanding Indonesian foreign policy. Empirically, this concept can help explain that Southern countries are the main drivers in the use of deep pluralism in modern history. While normatively, this concept helps to understand Indonesia's role in consensual and contested forms of deep pluralism. Using system dynamics, this article examines how deep pluralism is applied to Indonesia's foreign policy patterns under the Joko Widodo administration. It concludes that Indonesia has a policy pattern that tends towards a consensual form of deep pluralism in the spirit of raison de system.
IMPLEMENTASI DEFENCE DIPLOMACY MILITER INDONESIA DALAM UPAYA PERDAMAIAN KONFLIK LEBANON Wibawa, Satriya; Sudirman, Arfin; Selian, Hanan Tasmika; Hakiki, Falhan; Hapsari, Karina Erdian; Djuyandi, Yusa
Aliansi Vol 4, No 3 (2025): Aliansi : Jurnal Politik, Keamanan Dan Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/aliansi.v4i3.67801

Abstract

Perang saudara Lebanon yang belum terselesaikan menimbulkan konflik baru antara Israel dan Lebanon pada tahun 2006. Berdasarkan Resolusi DK PBB 1701 dan Undang-undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945, Indonesia diperbolehkan mengirimkan pasukan penjaga perdamaian di bawah United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) untuk rekonsiliasi di Lebanon. Konsekuensinya, peran Indonesia dalam defence diplomacy menjadi penting untuk menyelesaikan konflik Lebanon. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan data sekunder dari studi literatur, jurnal, berita, dan sumber daring yang berkaitan dengan implementasi defence diplomacy militer Indonesia dalam upaya perdamaian konflik Lebanon. Data-data tersebut kemudian divalidasi dengan triangulasi data lewat mencocokan kesesuaian data dari peacekeepers Indonesia, Kementerian Pertahanan, dan Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia, serta juga membandingkannya terhadap berbagai sumber data sekunder lainnya. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa sampai batas tertentu, Indonesia telah berhasil melakukan tujuan defence diplomacy melalui misi Civil-Military Coordination (CIMIC). Selain itu, militer Indonesia telah membangun kembali citra masa lalunya di mata dunia internasional dan memperkuat Confidece Building Measures (CBM) di antara negara-negara yang terlibat dalam misi perdamaian di Lebanon maupun negara-negara pendonor. Dengan keberhasilan kegiatan defence diplomacy, Indonesia membuka jalan untuk menjalin kerja sama baru dengan aktor negara atau non-negara di bidang pertahanan dan lainnya. The unresolved Lebanese Civil War precipitated a new conflict between Israel and Lebanon in 2006. In accordance with UN Security Council Resolution 1701 and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Indonesia was authorized to deploy peacekeeping forces under the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) to support reconciliation efforts. Consequently, Indonesia's role in defense diplomacy became pivotal in resolving the conflict. This study employs a qualitative method utilizing secondary data derived from literature reviews, academic journals, news reports, and online sources pertaining to the implementation of Indonesian military defence diplomacy in peace efforts for the Lebanon conflict. The collected data were subsequently validated through triangulation by cross-referencing information from Indonesian peacekeepers, the Ministry of Defence, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia, as well as comparing it with various secondary sources. The findings reveal that, to a certain extent, Indonesia has successfully achieved its defense diplomacy objectives through the Civil-Military Coordination (CIMIC) mission. Furthermore, the Indonesian military has restored its international reputation and strengthened Confidence Building Measures (CBM) among nations involved in the peacekeeping mission as well as donor countries. Through the success of these defense diplomacy activities, Indonesia has paved the way for establishing new cooperation with state and non-state actors in the defense sector and beyond.
The Portability of Ideas in Global Data Governance: A Coxian Reading of ‘Data Free Flow with Trust’ Journey to the UN Global Digital Compact Dasnita, M. Nur Rahman; Sudirman, Arfin; Wibawa, Satriya
Ilomata International Journal of Social Science Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): January 2026
Publisher : Yayasan Ilomata

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61194/ijss.v7i1.1922

Abstract

This article investigates the institutionalization of “trusted cross-border data flows” and “interoperability” within the UN Global Digital Compact. Employing a Coxian framework of ideas, material capabilities, and institutions, it argues this outcome was not passive diffusion. Instead, it was the product of a historic bloc that aligned U.S. policy with the interests of major technology firms. Through a directed content analysis of key diplomatic texts from the G20, OECD, and UN, the study traces the genealogical journey of this conceptual pairing. The analysis reveals how this highly portable formula was progressively embedded and proceduralized in the GDC's final text. The article also demonstrates that the success of this ideational project is underwritten by material power: the concentrated structure of global cloud infrastructure, which makes this governance settlement the most feasible option. The research illuminates how hegemonic consensus in digital governance is achieved through a mutually reinforcing alignment of adaptable ideas, strategic institutionalization, and the realities of material capabilities.
The End of the United States Naval Medical Research Unit-2 Project in Indonesia From a Cooperative Security Perspective Oktaviani, Diva Rahma; Sudirman, Arfin
Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism dan Integrity Vol 10, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : The Republic of Indonesia Defense University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33172/jp.v10i3.19659

Abstract

The presence of NAMRU-2 in Indonesia has created pros and cons in the community. NAMRU-2, or Naval Medical Research Unit-2, is a United States military medical research unit that operates in various countries, including Indonesia—several pro and con arguments related to its presence in Indonesia in realizing cooperation security. This study aims to investigate NAMRU-2’s role in fostering cooperative health security in Indonesia and examine why the government chose not to renew its cooperation between NAMRU-2 and Indonesia. This study used a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. The data obtained in this study were obtained from literature studies and interviews. Then, the data validity process is carried out using data triangulation so that the data obtained can provide strong support for the research. The results show that NAMRU-2 in Indonesia does its job well in carrying out the mission of Military Operations Other than War in medical operations. NAMRU-2 successfully dealt with health threats in Indonesia. However, the cooperation of NAMRU-2 in Indonesia failed to realize the security of cooperation. With NAMRU-2 in Indonesia, there is still tension and a lack of trust in the United States government. In addition, the presence of NAMRU-2 made the Indonesian people feel unsafe. After the end of NAMRU-2 in Indonesia, Indonesia has not been independent regarding health security. In this regard, it can be concluded that the existence of NAMRU-2 in Indonesia cannot realize cooperative security because there are still tensions between Indonesia and the United States and the lack of trust of the Indonesian people in the United States. This is not in accordance with the definition of cooperative security.  
CRACKS IN THE GREAT WALL: ZERO-COVID PROTESTS AND THE REASSERTION OF POLITICAL SECURITY IN CHINA Pandjaitan, Khannia Zhafira Ronaulli; Sudirman, Arfin
JWP (Jurnal Wacana Politik) Vol 11, No 2 (2026): JWP (Jurnal Wacana Politik) May
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/jwp.v11i2.63734

Abstract

The protests of the zero-COVID policy in 2022, which led to the issuance of Ten New Measures in China, are an interesting political phenomenon to study. This phenomenon raises questions about the dynamics of China’s political security during the zero-COVID policy period and how the government responded to the social pressures that arose. Applying political security theory that emphasizes national objectives, threat perceptions, and political freedom of action, this article analyzes China’s political dynamics during that period. This article concludes that political security for a country is often realized through various actions justified to protect national interests and maintain social stability and harmony to strengthen political legitimacy. In maintaining political legitimacy during the Covid-19 pandemic, the Chinese government demonstrated political security stability through issue framing strategies, mass mobilization, a punishment and reward approach, and optimization of the economic sector and nationalism. Meanwhile, the phenomenon of protests of the zero-Covid policy contributed as one of the supporting factors, but not a determining factor, in the change of Covid-19 policy in China. Thus, the dynamics that occurred did not indicate a change in the political system, but rather the political impact that emerged during that period.
STRATEGI SOSIALISASI POLITIK DALAM PENINGKATAN PARTISIPASI PEMILIH PEREMPUAN PADA PILKADA SERENTAK DI KOTA MAGELANG WIBOWO, EKO; MURADI, MURADI; SUDIRMAN, ARFIN
CosmoGov: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan Vol 5, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Department of Government, FISIP, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (577.613 KB) | DOI: 10.24198/cosmogov.v5i1.17776

Abstract

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PERLUKAN REFORMASI SEKTOR INTELIJEN DI TUBUH PERTAHANAN INDONESIA? SUDIRMAN, ARFIN; Fadly, Achmad
CosmoGov: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan Vol 4, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Department of Government, FISIP, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (352.412 KB) | DOI: 10.24198/cosmogov.v4i1.14214

Abstract

<p>Indonesia tengah membangun satu postur pertahanan yang menitik beratkan kepada <em>soft power</em>. Melalui peranan intelijen, reformasi sektor intelijen akan semakin berperan besar ketika berbicara mengenai kegiatan diplomasi pertahanan karena akan selalu berorientasi kepada kepentingan nasional. Reformasi sektor intelijen di tubuh pertahanan Indonesia kemudian dipertanyakan, disebabkan adanya tarik menarik kepentingan melalui eksistensi Bais TNI dengan badan intelijen pertahanan yang akan dibangun. Hasil yang dapat ditarik dalam artikel ini adalah reformasi sektor intelijen akan sangat kental dengan keputusan politik. Tarik menarik kepentingan antara Bais TNI dan BIP, mengenai kegiatan atase pertahanan, sangat mempengaruhi keputusan politik domestik Indonesia. Selain itu juga akan mempengaruhi dari anggaran pertahanan sebagai wujud dari reformasi sektor intelijen itu sendiri. Pada akhirnya juga keputusan politik dan menekan egosektoral di dalam tubuh kementerian pertahanan merupakan solusi terbaik sebagai wujud dari reformasi sektor intelijen di tubuh pertahanan Indonesia.</p>gb777
Co-Authors Achmad Bachrudin Achmad Gusman Siswandi, Achmad Gusman Affabile Rifawan Afiya, Nadien Akim, Akim Alifia Putri Rahmadewi Amanda Yola Amanda Yola Elvarina Sipahutar Animbyo Cahya Putra Anshori, Muhammad Fikry Arifa Rahim Audrea Denneisha Bachrudin, Achmad Bimbi Rianda Catur Siswandi, Achmad Gusman Clara Uli Rebecca Darmana, Feni Darmawan, Lucky Janitra Priyai Dasnita, M. Nur Rahman Deasy Silvya Sari Dina Yulianti Dina Yulianti Djumala, Darmansjah Edta Muhammad Fadilah Eko Wibowo Fadel, Mohamad Fadilah, Edta Muhammad Fadly Achmad Falhan Hakiki Falhan Hakiki Falhan Hakiki Feniawati Darnana Firohmatillah, Zulvyanie Pilgrimmy Francesca Klarensia Angela Gilang Nur Alam Gouw, Safina Al Shifa Chandra Greaty Fitraharani Gumilang, Mugi Hakiki, Falhan Hapsari, Karina Erdian Herdiansyah, Ari Ganjar Huala Adolf Ibrahim, Muhamad Rizal Idris Idris Idris Idris Idris Idris, Idpianto Imanuel, Josafath Jafar Alkadrie Januar Aditya Pratama Junov Siregar Kamil, Fadly Muhammad Khrisna Ariyanto Lanti, Irman G. Lanti, Irman Gurmilang Mahestu, I Maiko Manullang, Abel Josafat Mas Halimah Maulana, Mursal Mauly Dini Budiyanti Meiwatizal Trihastuti Muhammad Fauzan Malufti Muhammad Harry Riana Nugraha Muhammad Ridho Muradi - Muzaffar, Eiji Nathania Dwi Marietta Naura Nabila Haryanto Nguyen, Tri Minh Nugraha, Muhammad Harry Riana Nugraha, Muhammad Harry Riana Nur Salsabila, Fairuz Nadhira Oktaviani, Diva Rahma Pandjaitan, Khannia Zhafira Ronaulli Pradipta Nindyan Saputra Pratama, Fajri Syahal Guna Pratama, Januar Aditya Prisilla Octaviani Winarto Putra, Animbyo Cahya R, Satrio Gumilar R. Widya Setiabudi Sumadinata Rafidha Dinda Putri Rahim, Arifa Rayhan Indy Razani Ridha Aditya Nugraha Rizaldy, Robby RMT Nurhasan Affandi Santoso, Rizal Budi Satriya Wibawa, I Made Selian, Hanan Tasmika Sena Septiana Siti Aliyuna Pratisti Sopia, Siti Sulaeman, Dina Y Suryana, Nanang Taufik Hidayat Taufik Rachmat Nugraha Tia Panca Rahmadhani Tiara Firdaus Jafar Tumpal Silitonga Tumulo, Lukman Jusuf Wawan Budi Darmawan Wawan Darmawan Wibowo, Eko Ari Wicaksono, Raden AP Windy Dermawan Wowor, Harvardry Gerald Abraham Yanyan Mochamad Yani Yanyan Muhammad Yani Yaries Mahardika Putro Yasmin Prisella Rabbani Yomi Romlah, Oom Yoni Yolanda Sinyal Yusa Djuyandi Yusuf Fadillah Tirta K Zahid, Ali Zulvyanie Pilgrimmy Firohmatillah