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TRANSFORMASI HUKUM PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL DI ERA EKONOMI DIGITAL: ANALISIS YURIDIS TERHADAP PUTUSAN WTO DALAM SENGKETA PERDAGANGAN BERBASIS ELEKTRONIK DAN ARUS DATA LINTAS BATAS Suparman; Annie Myranika; Michel Jimmie Kawengian; Suheri; Iwan
Iqtishaduna: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Vol 7 No 3 (2026): April
Publisher : Jurusan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum Uin Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i3.67166

Abstract

Abstrak Transformasi ekonomi global menuju era digital telah mendorong perubahan fundamental dalam praktik perdagangan internasional, khususnya melalui pemanfaatan platform elektronik dan arus data lintas batas (cross-border data flow). Perkembangan ini menimbulkan tantangan baru bagi rezim hukum perdagangan internasional yang selama ini dirancang untuk transaksi konvensional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana hukum perdagangan internasional beradaptasi terhadap dinamika perdagangan digital, dengan menitikberatkan pada analisis yuridis terhadap putusan sengketa di bawah kerangka World Trade Organization (WTO). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan kasus (case approach), melalui kajian terhadap instrumen hukum WTO serta putusan-putusan yang relevan dengan perdagangan elektronik dan pengaturan data lintas batas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun WTO belum memiliki instrumen hukum khusus yang secara komprehensif mengatur perdagangan digital, prinsip-prinsip dasar seperti non-diskriminasi, transparansi, dan liberalisasi perdagangan tetap digunakan sebagai dasar dalam penyelesaian sengketa terkait. Namun demikian, terdapat kekosongan hukum (legal gap) dalam mengakomodasi isu-isu kontemporer seperti perlindungan data, kedaulatan digital, dan pembatasan aliran data oleh negara. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa transformasi hukum perdagangan internasional di era digital memerlukan reformulasi norma dan harmonisasi regulasi global agar mampu menjawab kompleksitas perdagangan berbasis elektronik. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan peran aktif WTO dalam mengembangkan kerangka hukum yang adaptif dan responsif terhadap perkembangan teknologi digital, guna menjamin kepastian hukum dan keadilan dalam perdagangan internasional. Kata kunci: Hukum Perdagangan Internasional, WTO, Perdagangan Digital, E-Commerce, Arus Data Lintas Batas.   Abstract The transformation of the global economy into the digital era has fundamentally reshaped international trade practices, particularly through the use of electronic platforms and cross-border data flows. These developments pose significant challenges to the existing international trade law regime, which was originally designed for conventional transactions. This study aims to analyze how international trade law adapts to the dynamics of digital trade, with a particular focus on a juridical analysis of dispute settlement decisions under the framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO). This research employs a normative juridical method, utilizing both statute and case approaches by examining WTO legal instruments and relevant dispute settlement decisions concerning electronic commerce and cross-border data regulation. The findings indicate that, although the WTO has yet to establish a comprehensive legal framework specifically governing digital trade, core principles such as non-discrimination, transparency, and trade liberalization continue to serve as the primary basis for resolving related disputes. However, significant legal gaps remain in addressing contemporary issues, including data protection, digital sovereignty, and state-imposed restrictions on data flows. This study concludes that the transformation of international trade law in the digital era necessitates the reformulation of legal norms and the harmonization of global regulations to address the complexities of electronic-based trade. Therefore, a more proactive role of the WTO is required in developing an adaptive and responsive legal framework that ensures legal certainty and fairness in international trade. Keywords: International Trade Law, WTO, Digital Trade, E-Commerce, Cross-Border Data Flow.
The Effectiveness of Digital Platforms in Enhancing Students’ English Vocabulary Mastery in SMA AL Quran Wahdah Islamiyah Kendari Iwan; Sam Hermansyah; Titin Rahmiatin Rahim; Yuliyanah Sain
INTERACTION: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026): INTERACTION: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Universitas Pendidikan Muhammadiyah Sorong

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36232/interactionjournal.v13i1.5674

Abstract

Vocabulary mastery is fundamental to English language proficiency, yet many Indonesian senior high school students continue to face challenges in acquiring adequate vocabulary due to conventional teaching methods. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of digital platforms in enhancing English vocabulary mastery among eleventh-grade students at SMA Al Quran Wahdah Islamiyah Kendari. A pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was employed, involving 23 students from Class XI selected through purposive sampling. The intervention consisted of systematic vocabulary learning activities utilizing selected digital platforms over an eight-week period. Data were collected through a validated vocabulary achievement test administered before and after the treatment. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired-sample t-test. The findings revealed a statistically significant improvement in students’ vocabulary scores following the implementation of digital platforms (p < 0.05). Students also reported higher motivation and engagement during the learning process. This study concludes that digital platforms constitute an effective, accessible, and student-centered tool for improving vocabulary acquisition in EFL contexts. The results offer practical implications for English teachers and curriculum developers seeking to integrate technology in technology-limited or faith-based secondary schools in Indonesia.
Implementasi Media Lumatika dan Dampaknya terhadap Minat Belajar Siswa SMP Iwan; Haidar, Irajuana; Sari, Dian Ulfa
Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika : Judika Education Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika:Judika Education
Publisher : Institut Penelitian Matematika, Komputer, Keperawatan, Pendidikan dan Ekonomi (IPM2KPE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31539/v1e8qv32

Abstract

This study aims to determine the implementation of LUMATIKA media on students' learning interest in mathematics learning at SMP Negeri 05 Poleang Timur. This study uses a mixed methods approach with an explanatory sequential design. The class selection uses Random Sampling and quantitative data are obtained through a learning interest questionnaire given before and after learning in the form of pretest and posttest, while qualitative data are obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation to strengthen the research results. The research subjects amounted to 3 students selected using purposive sampling technique. Quantitative data analysis was carried out through normality test and paired sample t-test to determine differences in students' learning interest before and after the use of LUMATIKA media. In addition, Cohen’s d calculation was used to determine the magnitude of the effect of using the media. The results of the normality test showed that the data were normally distributed with a calculated W value of 0.96 which is greater than the W table of 0.920 at a significance level of 5%. The results of the paired sample t-test showed a significance value of 0.001 (p < 0.05), which means that there is a significant difference between students' learning interest before and after the use of LUMATIKA media. The Cohen’s d value of 0.82 is in the large effect, as well as interviews conducted on students selected based on their level of learning interest, this shows that the implementation of LUMATIKA media has an effect on students' learning interest."   Keywords: LUMATIKA, Learning Interest, Mathematics Learning.
Penguatan Budaya Keselamatan Dan Implementasi Keselamatan di Tempat Kerja Fuadi, Yan; Marlina, Marlina; cahyono, Bagyo; iwan
EUNOIA Vol 1 No 1 (2022): Eunoia
Publisher : Program Studi D4 K3 Universitas Balikpapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Behavior based safety is an effective method for preventing work accidents, this method is widely applied in European countries and the United States. Behavior based safety can achieve the target of the occupational safety index and can also provide a structural approach to safety management in the long term. The main purpose of the occupational safety and health program is to avoid or at least minimize the occurrence of work accidents. In order for the construction implementation process to run smoothly and well, it is necessary to pay attention to the factors of occupational safety and health for all parties involved in the project. The method used in the delivery of service materials is a workshop (question and answer). Occupational Health and Safety (K3) has an effect on Work Productivity. So with the increase in occupational safety and health of employees, it will be able to increase work productivity