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EFFECT OF KOH CONCENTRATION AND OIL TYPE ON LIQUID DISH SOAP FROM USED COOKING OIL WITH ANTIBACTERIAL EVALUATION Safira Kanza; Zahrotul Awwelina; Zahra Najma Atika; Burhan; Yuni Nurfiana
Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jtp.2026.027.02.1

Abstract

The increasing generation of used cooking oil (UCO) as food waste presents significant environmental challenges while offering opportunities for value-added utilization within a circular economy framework. This study evaluated the effect of potassium hydroxide (KOH) concentration on the quality and microbial characteristics of liquid soap produced from UCO with added orange essential oil. Prior to saponification, UCO was purified using 2% activated charcoal to reduce impurities and undesirable odors. Liquid soap formulations were prepared using three KOH concentrations (20%, 30%, and 40%) and three oil types, namely fresh cooking oil, untreated UCO, and purified UCO. The quality of the liquid soap was assessed based on physicochemical parameters, including homogeneity, pH, specific gravity, viscosity, and total plate count. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using standard microbiological assays. The results showed that increasing KOH concentration was associated with higher pH, viscosity, and improved homogeneity of the liquid soap. Soap formulated with 40% KOH exhibited more stable physicochemical characteristics compared with those of the lower concentrations. Purification of used cooking oil appeared to enhance oil reactivity during saponification, resulting in more consistent soap properties. The addition of orange essential oil did not produce a clear inhibition zone. It was, however, associated with lower total plate count (TPC) values, indicating a potential role in microbial growth suppression.
Co-Authors A.Rizal AA Sudharmawan, AA Agus Seswandi Ahmad Nizar, Rasya Ahmad Sigit Andi Dwi Nuvriyanti Anita Purnamayanti Arie Yusnelly Arpandjaman, Arpandjaman Arvita, Rizki Asmiraty Awal, Muhammad Bambang Supeno, Bambang Basmi Basmi Bungin, Rita Burhan, Hesti Trisnianti Burhan Darwin Paonganan DD Amdanata Dermawan, Ikhsan Din, Makbul AH Dri Yanto Dwi Ratna Hidayati Dwi Ratna Hidayati Eka Melisa Erna Listiana Feby Krismayanti Fina Melani Putri Fiqrah Syalwana Akbar Fitri, Lailatul Hidayah Gunawan Widodo Harry Setiawan Heri, Helwen Icayanti Ine Karni Irwandi, Andi Ivana Febrianti S. Gandang Johan, Elsa Meliani Kadek Agus Heryana Putra, Kadek Agus Kuntum Khoirani KURNIA HARDI Kurniyanta, I Putu leli Romdaniah Lukman HY Makbul A.H Din Manapa', Juinda Arruan Maria Elisabeth Nona Veny Maryani, Fauziah Mauliza, Syifa Mokh Rum Mokh. Rum Muhammad Afif Muhammad Fuad Muhammad Ichwan Hamzah Muhammad Ridhwan Muhammad, Achmad Fajar Murid Naba, Farli Nggalene, Stevania Nia Anggraini Nuraeni Nurna Ningsih Nurwidyayanti Oemar, Fahmi Oscar Yanuariyanto Perdana, Buyung Cahya Perry Irawan Purmono, Bintoro Bagus Putri, Dean Elviana Rahmania Rahman Rahmatullah, Noris Rasya Ahmad Nizar Ratna Sari Dewi Risqah Amaliah Kasman Riyanti Isaskar Romdaniah, Leli Safira Kanza Safitri, Dinda Sari Dewi, Ratna seswandi, agus Sidemen, I Gusti Putu Sukrama Sinam Sri Handayani SRI RAHMAYANTI Subirman Musa Suparman Supriadi Suriani S Suryadi, Nanda Syaifuddin Syifa Mauliza Tri Putri Amirullah Widya Afriani Yuni Nurfiana Zahra Najma Atika Zahrotul Awwelina Zoze Wirawan Zulfitria