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Journal : Script Journal: Journal of Linguistic and English Teaching

Unpacking English Writing Anxiety in Indonesian EFL Learners: A Mixed-Methods Study of Cognitive Strain, Gender, and Academic Level Sujarwati, Iis; Maisarah, Ira; Saputra, Dwi Bayu; Julmukya, Tiarsa
Script Journal: Journal of Linguistics and English Teaching Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): October
Publisher : Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Widya Gama Mahakam Samarinda University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24903/sj.v10i2.2214

Abstract

Background: Writing anxiety became a tenacious factor hindering EFL students’ proficiency, specifically at the higher education level. In the Indonesian context, undergraduate and graduate students face a high demand to complete their studies. Writing a thesis is one of the requirements for graduation at the undergraduate level. Meanwhile, the graduate students must write a research article for publication as another requirement. Those things become a contributing factor to students feeling anxious in writing. A bulk of studies investigated the writing anxiety around the world. However, a few studies examine how gender and academic level differentiate the English language education study program students’ writing anxiety in Indonesia. This present study uncovers: 1) types and levels of writing anxiety among the groups, 2) variation of writing anxiety based on gender and academic levels, and 3) reasons affecting writing anxiety. Methodology: A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was deployed in this study. The sample was 112 students, including 58 undergraduates and 54 graduates, of the English language education study program at a state university in Bengkulu, Indonesia. Two different data collection methods were implemented: an online survey and an on-site focus-group discussion (FGD). The second language writing anxiety inventory (SLWAI) and the second language writing reason inventory (SLWARI) were derived into fifty-eight items of a questionnaire utilized to obtain quantitative data. Meanwhile, the qualitative data were assembled using four main leading questions to probe students’ thoughts in identifying the factors contributing to anxiety. Quantitative data analysis was preceded by applying SPSS23, including descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. The qualitative data were analyzed through a directed qualitative content analysis (DQCA). Validity and reliability of data were ensured using methodological triangulation. Findings: Statistical analysis revealed that the majority of students, 92%, were at a moderate level of writing anxiety. Besides, cognitive anxiety became the first order of anxiety type experienced by the students. Moreover, the statistical findings presented that there is no significant difference in anxiety based on gender and academic level (  < 0.1). The qualitative analysis elucidated four patterns as contributing factors to the students’ writing anxiety, such as: time constraints, lack of ideas and knowledge, teachers’ teaching methods, and coursebook complexity. Conclusion: Both quantitative and qualitative analyses discovered that cognitive-affective aspects are more challenging for Indonesian students than demographic ones. Moreover, the personal challenges and instructional methods became noteworthy issues that contribute a lot to the emergence of anxiety when writing. Writing teachers need to design engaging and supportive learning environments in their instructional activities, for instance, by adapting a process-oriented writing approach and affording constructive feedback on students’ papers. These efforts can reduce students’ cognitive loads, thereby enhancing their self-efficacy in writing. Originality: The symptom-based SLWAI and the cause-based SLWARI are integrated simultaneously to disclose the writing anxiety experienced by undergraduate and graduate students in the Indonesian context. Additionally, this study implements a mixed-method approach to obtain plentiful, comprehensive data. Accordingly, a more vivid understanding of students’ anxiety in writing can be attained.
Co-Authors -, Ahmad Nofrian Ade Suci Oktariani Adwitya Widya Dhari Afifah Izwandi, Alya Aisyah Nurul Afiefah Alamsyah Harahap Alamsyah Harahap Alamsyah Harahap Alamsyah Harahap, Alamsyah Algrin Hayadi Alihsan, Muhammad Iqbal Alkamillah, Muhammad Alzahra, Aisah Anggraini, Liza Annida, Tia Ari Anggoro Arisman Arisman Arisman Arisman arsyad, safnil Aulliah, Novyko Dwi Azwandi Azwandi Azwandi Azwandi Azwandi Bambang Suwarno Beti Yusipa Cahyo Wibowo Chandra, I Nyoman Chenda, Soeurn Dahlia Dedi Sofyan Dedi Sofyan Dedy Sofyan Diya Safitri Elfrida Erniyati, Yelni Erviona, Lussy Fajri Annur, Yusri Febri Aini Adalta Febriana, Indri Fenti Pratama Sari Fenti Pratama Sari Gustiana, Putri Dwi Hardiah, Mei Haryanti, Septri Hasiyanti Hasiyanti Hayeesa-i, Tasneem Heppy Suheri Herlina Emilda Iis Sujarwati Iis Sujarwati Iis Sujarwati Indah, Nopita Nurpa Indri Febriana Ipa Sari Kardi Irene Riskiana Vionauli Sinaga Ismawati, Krisna Izwandi, Alya Afifah Julmukya, Tiarsa Kristanti, Vanda Kurniati, Anggun Liza Anggraini Liza Anggraini Liza Hidayati Madani Madani, Madani Marpaung, Tiara Azzahra Mefi Yulianti Mei Hardiah MIFTAHUL JANNAH Muhamad Kenzo Akbar Muhammad Alkamillah Muthia Hamidah Hamidah Nabillah, Muhammad Egi Nopiyanto, yahya eko Nur Ihram, Siraj Nursaadah, Euis Oktariani, Ade Suci Oktazsya Marjelina Lorenza Pasaribu, Bertha Pertiwi, Lia Pratami, Arleka Pujianto, Dian Puspitasari Putri Dwi Gustiana Putri Dwi Gustiana Putri, Anisa Hersa Resha Prastika Restika, Yesa Reza Satria Rinaldi Reza, Reza Rezita Rezita, Reza Rezky Atri Oktarin Riani, Asma Rianyansa, Ari Andre Ridha Pratiwi Sa-ae, Sureena Safitri, Diya Safnil Arsyad Safnil Arsyad Safnil Arsyad Safnil Safnil Safnil, Safnil Saputra, Dwi Bayu Sari, Fenti Pratama Sari, Noviani Radna Seth Soy Seth Soy Sinaga, Irene Riskiana Vionauli Siraj Nur Ihrom Sofyan, Dedi Sovann, Ly Soy, Seth Suheri, Heppy Sutisyana, ari Sutisyana, Ari Sutisyana Suzia Maretha Syafriadin, Syafryadin Syafryadin Syafryadin Syafryadin Syafryadin Syafryadin, Syafryadin Syahrial Syahrial SYAHRIAL SYAHRIAL Vanda Kristanti Wati, Gustina Widya Castrena Dharma Siddha Windu Cahya Maharani Wisma Yunita Wiwit, Wiwit Wulandari, Mega Fitri Yahya Eko Nopiyanto Yayan Yayan Yayan Yayan