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Determination of Total Flavonoid Content of Ethanol Extract and Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Avocado Seed (Persea americana Mill) by Visible Spectrofotometry Methods Natasya, Siti Adinda; Nasution, M. Pandapotan; Nasution, Haris Munandar; Yuniarti, Rafita
Indonesian Journal of Science and Pharmacy Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Science and Pharmacy
Publisher : Pustaka Media Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63763/ijsp.v2i3.98

Abstract

Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) has long been used in traditional medicine, and its seeds are known to contain flavonoid compounds, which are natural phenolics with antioxidant properties and potential therapeutic benefits. This study aims to identify the chemical compounds present in the ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of avocado seeds, and to determine their total flavonoid content using UV-Visible spectrophotometry. This experimental study included sample collection, simplicia characterization, extraction, fractionation, phytochemical screening, and flavonoid quantification. Phytochemical screening showed that the ethanol extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, triterpenoids, and glycosides, while the ethyl acetate fraction contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and glycosides. Flavonoid content was determined using quercetin as a standard. The results showed that the total flavonoid content in the ethanol extract was 8.655 ± 0.144 mgQE/g, while the ethyl acetate fraction contained 32.828 ± 0.105 mgQE/g. It can be concluded that the ethyl acetate fraction contains a significantly higher level of flavonoids compared to the ethanol extract.
ISOLASI HEMISELULOSA DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) SEBAGAI EMULGATOR DALAM SEDIAAN EMULSI MINYAK IKAN Syafirna, Nada; Dikki Miswanda; Lubis, Minda Sari; Yuniarti, Rafita
JURNAL FARMASI, SAINS, dan KESEHATAN Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): FARMASAINKES: JURNAL FARMASI, SAINS dan KESEHATAN
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Muslim Nusantara Al Washliyah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32696/farmasainkes.v5i1.5192

Abstract

Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) merupakan limbah padat yang dihasilkan dari industri pengolahan kelapa sawit. Diketahui TKKS mengandung hemiselulosa yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam bidang farmasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengisolasi hemiselulosa dari TKKS dan memformulasikan sebagai emulgator pada sediaan emulsi minyak ikan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental dengan tahapan meliputi isolasi hemiselulosa TKKS dengan menggunakan metode ekstraksi alkali dengan NaOH 0,05N, 0,1N, 0,2N, 0,3N, 0,5N, kemudian karakterisasi hemiselulosa meliputi uji organoleptis, uji kelarutan, uji FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) dan uji SEM (Scanning Elektron Microscope). Hemiselulosa yang telah diperoleh digunakan sebagai emulgator dalam sediaan emulsi, kemudian dilakukan uji evaluasi sediaan seperti uji organoleptis, uji homogenitas, uji pH, uji tipe emulsi, uji redispersi, dan uji viskositas. Hasil dari isolasi hemiselulosa TKKS mendapatkan hasil terbaik pada konsentrasi NaOH 0,5N menghasilkan randemen 12,84%. Hasil formula sediaan emulsi kombinasi hemiselulosa yang terbaik adalah F5 dengan perbandingan gom arab : hemiselulosa (2:1). Sediaan emulsi homogen, hasil uji pH formula F1 dan F5 memenuhi syarat pH emulsi oral pada rentang 5-7,5. Hasil uji tipe emulsi yaitu A/M, hasil uji viskositas F1, F3, F4, F5 sudah memenuhi syarat sesuai SNI yaitu 2000-50.000 cPs. Hemiselulosa TKKS dapat menjadi emulgator pada emulsi minyak ikan pada formula kombinasi.
Liquid Soap with Pineapple Hump Extract and Nanoformulation Against Staphylococcus aureus Lubis, Minda Sari; Fauzi, Ziza Putri Aisyia; Dewi, Sri Harti; Rani, Zulmai; Yuniarti, Rafita
Sciences of Pharmacy Volume 4 Issue 3
Publisher : ETFLIN Publishing House

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58920/sciphar0403348

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium that frequently causes skin infections and can become resistant to various antibiotics. Pineapple (Ananas comosus) waste, particularly the hump, contains active compounds such as bromelain, saponins, and flavonoids with known antibacterial properties. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial potential of liquid soap formulated with extract and nanoextract of pineapple hump against S. aureus. The pineapple hump was extracted using maceration with 96% ethanol, followed by nanoparticle formulation using a high-speed homogenization method. Liquid soap was made with three formulas, one formula contains a concentration of 12.5% extract and two formulas contain 1.25% nanoextract of pineapple hump. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the disc diffusion method, and the diameter of the inhibition zones was measured. Results showed that all tested concentrations produced antibacterial activity, with the 12.5% concentration (Formula 1) exhibiting the highest inhibition zone (23.2 mm), followed by 1.25% nanoextract nano liquid soap (18.41 mm) (Formula 3) and 1.25% nanoextract liquid soap (14.53 mm) (Formula 2). The positive control (Dettol Handwash) produced a larger inhibition zone (20.08 mm). Data analysis using one-way ANOVA revealed significant differences for each formula, with a p-value of less than 0.05. These findings indicate that nanoextract of pineapple hump formulated in liquid soap has potential as a natural antibacterial agent against S. aureus.
Formulasi Dan Karakteristik Fisik Deodorant Stick Dari Ekstrak Etanol Daun Beluntas (Pluchea indica (L.) Less.) Hutagalung, Riris Br; Yuniarti, Rafita; Nasution, Haris Munandar; Lubis, Minda Sari
Journal of Health and Medical Science Volume 4 Nomor 3 Juli 2025
Publisher : CV. Pusdikra Mitra Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51178/jhms.v4i3.2818

Abstract

Indonesia merupakan negara tropis yang memiliki suhu udara rata-rata yaitu ± 22-32°C yang menyebabkan tubuh berkeringat memicu bau badan yang menggangu. Deodorant sintetis berbahan aluminium dan Paraben kerap dihubungkan dengan iritasi bahkan risiko kanker payudara, sehingga diperlukan alternatif berbahan alam. Daun beluntas (Pluchea indica (L.) Less.) ,kaya flavonoid, dipilih sebagai kandidat senyawa aktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan memformulasikan dan mengetahui karakteristik fisik deodorant stick dari ekstrak etanol daun beluntas (Pluchea indica (L.) Less.) Penelitian eksperimental dimulai dengan pengumpulan, identifikasi, simplisia daun beluntas, serta diikuti ekstraksi,secara maserasi, menggunakan etanol 96% selama lima hari. Ekstrak kental kemudian dimasukkan kedalam empat formula deodorant stick: FO (0%),F1 (1%),F2 (2%), dan F3 (3%). Basis padat terdiri atas Cera Alba, vaselin album, cetyl alcohol, propilen glikol, dan oleum citri. Evaluasi mutu fisik meliputi uji organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, titik lebur, waktu leleh, serta uji iritasi metode open- test pada enam sukarelawan. Hasil uji sediaan deodorant berbentuk padat, berwarna hijau muda sampai hijau tua, mempunyai aroma yang khas, homogen, mempunyai pH kurang lebih 6,3-64 ,titik lebur kurang lebih 67,3-67,8°C, waktu leleh 23-25 menit serta aman digunakan karena tidak menyebabkan iritasi. Dengan demikian, sediaan deodorant stick ekstrak etanol daun beluntas telah memenuhi syarat karakteristik mutu fisik dan dinyatakan aman digunakan sebagai deodorant berbahan alam.
Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Nano Hemiselulosa dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Ritonga , Septi Ani; Dalimunthe , Gabena Indrayani; Lubis , Minda Sari; Yuniarti, Rafita
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 3 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i3.1058

Abstract

Background: Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) are a significant agricultural waste from the palm oil industry, currently underutilized. EFB contains lignocellulosic components, including hemicellulose (22.84%), which has potential applications in the pharmaceutical sector as a hydrophilic polymer. Objective: This study aimed to isolate and characterize hemicellulose and nano-hemicellulose from oil palm EFB using an environmentally friendly green chemistry method with low-concentration reagents. Methods: This experimental research began with the purposive sampling of EFB. Hemicellulose was isolated using a sequential process with 0.1 N NaOH, 0.1 N HCl, and 70% ethanol. The resulting hemicellulose was then nano-sized using a ball mill technique. Characterization included organoleptic tests, solubility tests, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Results: The isolation process from 500 g of EFB powder yielded 16.7 g of hemicellulose, with a yield of 3.34%. FTIR analysis identified key functional groups (O-H, C-H, C=O, C-O, C=C) in both hemicellulose and nano-hemicellulose, confirming their chemical similarity. SEM analysis at 500x magnification revealed a more regular particle structure with distinct cavities, indicating a swelling effect from the alkali treatment. PSA confirmed the nano-scale size of the processed particles. Conclusion: Hemicellulose and nano-hemicellulose were successfully isolated from oil palm EFB using a simple green chemistry method. The characterized nano-hemicellulose showed properties suitable for potential development as a carrier in pharmaceutical formulations.
Health and Hand Hygiene Education at Ar-Rhida Kindergarten Through Interactive Activities: Edukasi Kesehatan dan Kebersihan Tangan di TK Ar-Rhida Melalui Aktivitas Interaktif Indrayani Dalimunthe, Gabena; Rani, Zulmai; Yuniarti, Rafita; Sari Lubis, Winda; Sartika Daulay, Anny
Jukeshum: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Edisi Juli 2025
Publisher : Universitas Haji Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51771/jukeshum.v5i2.1416

Abstract

Hand health and hygiene are important aspects in preventing disease transmission, especially in early childhood who are at high risk of infection due to poor hygiene habits. This Community Service (PKM) activity was carried out with the aim of improving the understanding and ability of early childhood children in maintaining hand hygiene through an interactive educational approach at Ar-Rhida Kindergarten. The method used included a game-based educational approach with 30 children aged 4 to 5 years old involved in this activity, which consisted of handwashing education sessions using songs, storybooks/picture posters, and direct practice simulations. Data collection techniques used included pre-tests and post-tests, as well as direct observation of children's behavior during the activity. The measurement tools for the success of the activity included a visual-based knowledge assessment sheet (pictures) and a checklist for observing handwashing behavior according to procedures. Based on the results of the activity, there was a significant increase of around 85% in the aspect of knowledge and skills in washing hands correctly after the implementation of the education, increasing by up to 90%. The conclusion of this activity is that interactive methods are effective in increasing awareness and skills of early childhood regarding hand health and hygiene. This program is recommended to be implemented sustainably by involving the active role of teachers and parents in supporting the formation of clean living habits from an early age.
KAJIAN INTERAKSI OBAT PASIEN GAGAL GINJAL KRONIS DI RUMAH SAKIT X SUMATERA UTARA Karismawati; Sari, Syilvi Rinda; Lubis, Minda Sari; Yuniarti, Rafita
PREPOTIF : JURNAL KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024): AGUSTUS 2024
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/prepotif.v8i2.32326

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: Pertama, untuk mengidentifikasi adanya kejadian interaksi obat pada pasien gagal ginjal kronis yang dirawat inap di rumah sakit X. Kedua, untuk mengevaluasi dampak interaksi obat terhadap jumlah obat yang diresepkan kepada pasien tersebut. Ketiga, untuk mengklasifikasikan jenis kategori interaksi obat yang terjadi pada pasien gagal ginjal kronis yang dirawat inap di rumah sakit X. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional non-eksperimental yang menganalisis data sekunder rekam medis pasien gagal ginjal kronis yang dirawat inap di rumah sakit X pada tahun 2023. Penelitian dilakukan secara retrospektif dengan mengakses arsip rekam medis dari Februari hingga Maret 2024. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling, melibatkan semua pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Data dikumpulkan dan dicatat, lalu dianalisis secara univariat untuk menggambarkan karakteristik pasien, termasuk informasi identitas, usia, jenis kelamin, penyakit penyerta, dan terapi obat. Analisis bertujuan mengidentifikasi potensi interaksi obat selama perawatan inap. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian mengenai interaksi obat pada pasien gagal ginjal kronis di rumah sakit X, ditemukan beberapa temuan penting. Pertama, terdeteksi adanya kejadian interaksi obat pada pasien tersebut. Untuk menangani masalah ini, disarankan agar dokter dan apoteker saling berkoordinasi dan saling mengingatkan tentang potensi interaksi obat. Selain itu, jika terdapat perkembangan terbaru mengenai obat, evaluasi ulang terhadap penggunaan obat yang diberikan perlu dilakukan. Kedua, analisis terhadap jumlah obat yang diresepkan menunjukkan bahwa semakin banyak obat yang diresepkan, semakin tinggi kemungkinan terjadinya interaksi obat. Ketiga, dalam kategori interaksi obat yang terjadi pada pasien gagal ginjal kronis, sebagian besar pasien berada dalam kategori keparahan moderat dengan persentase mencapai 61,76%. Berdasarkan mekanisme kerja obat, interaksi farmakodinamik mendominasi dengan persentase sebesar 57,14%.
Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Bahan Alam Pada Sabun Cuci Piring di Desa Sidomulyo Kecamatan Biru-Biru, Deli Serdang Yuniarti, Rafita; Sari Lubis, Minda; Munandar Nasution, Haris; Rani, Zulmai; Linda, Rosa; Adjelie, Tiara
Jukeshum: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Edisi Juli 2024
Publisher : Universitas Haji Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51771/jukeshum.v4i2.933

Abstract

Salah satu penyakit yang masih banyak terdapat di Masyarakat Indonesia adalah penyakit infeksi, yang dapat disebabkan oleh bakteri ataupun virus. Penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri dapat diatasi dengan antibakteri, sedangkan infeksi yang disebabkan oleh virus dapat diatasi dengan menggunakan antivirus. Salah satu penyebab sering munculnya penyakit infeksi adalah karena hygiene dan sanitasi yang buruk. Penggunaan antibakteri dari bahan alam merupakan salah satu cara yang aman dalam mengatasi masalah tersebut. Tujuan: meningkatkan pengetahuan Masyarakat tentang bahan alam yang berkhasiat sebagai antibakteri dan pemanfaatan bahan alam dalam sediaan perbekalan Kesehatan rumah tangga (PKRT). Metode: penyuluhan tentang tumbuhan yang berkhasiat sebagai antibakteri dan pembuatan sabun cuci piring menggunakan ekstrak daun jeruk kuok (Citrus nobilis). Hasil: pada penyuluhan tentang tumbuhan yang digunakan sebagai antibakteri diperoleh Tingkat pengetahuan sebesar 61% dan setelah kegiatan diperoleh hasil Tingkat pengetahuan sebesar 82% sedangkan pada kegiatan pembuatan sabun cair dengan bahan alam sebagai antibakteri diperoleh hasil 58% dan setelah kegiatan sebesar 93%. Kesimpulan: Terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan tentang tumbuhan yang berkhasiat sebagai antibakteri sebesar 21% dan peningkatan pengetahuan tentang pembuatan sabun cuci piring dengan bahan alam sebesar 35%.
Drug Formulasi paper soap ekstrak etanol dedak padi (Oryza sativa L.) dan uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus Zannah , Muhamad; Dalimunthe , Gabena Indrayani; Lubis , Minda Sari; Yuniarti, Rafita
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 1 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i1.229

Abstract

Paper soap is soap in the form of thin sheets resembling paper. Rice bran from rice milling waste contains antibacterial compounds. The aim of this research was to formulate paper soap from rice bran ethanol extract and to determine its antibacterial activity. This research is a type of experimental research carried out in a laboratory. Includes steps such as taking and identifying samples, preparing and making ethanol extract of rice bran (Oryza sativa L.), and testing antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli using the Disc Disc method, where the inhibition zone of the ethanol extract of rice bran and the paper soap preparation is containing rice bran extract (Oryza sativa L.) was observed and measured as a result of the antibacterial activity test. The results of this research show that the ethanol extract of rice bran contains chemical compounds, namely alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids/steroids and glycosides. Rice bran ethanol extract has characteristics in accordance with the 1989 MMI requirements. The results of determining the antibacterial activity of rice bran ethanol extract produce an inhibition zone against Escherechia coli bacteria ranging from 5mm - 12.5mm and Staphylococcus aureus ranging from 5.5 mm-16.67 mm. The results of the paper soap evaluation test, organoleptic examination, thickness examination, weight uniformity test, stability test, foam power test met the requirements and in the irritation tests F0, F1, F2 and F3 did not irritate the skin, in the hedonic test the most preferred formula was F1. The results of determining the antibacterial activity of paper soap produced an inhibition zone for Escherechia coli bacteria ranging from 8.16mm - 12.5mm and Staphylococcus aureus ranging from 15mm-14.83mm. From the research results it can be concluded that rice bran ethanol extract can be formulated into paper soap and has antibacterial activity.
Formulasi sediaan pelembab bibir mengandung ekstrak kulit buah pisang raja (Musa paradisiaca L) Siregar , Runisya Maugin Utami; Yuniarti, Rafita; Lubis, Minda Sari; Nasution, Muhammad Amin
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 7 Nomor 4 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v7i4.674

Abstract

Lip balm is a care product that can keep your lips moist, which is a type of ointment used to treat dry and chapped lips. The benefit of using lip balm for lips is to regulate lip moisture. Lip balms are generally clear or colorless, although recently colored variants have also been created. To find out whether the extract of plantain peel (Musa paradisiaca L) can be formulated in the form of lip balm preparations. The purpose of this study was to determine whether lip balm preparations could be used as moisturizers. To find out lip balm preparations well made and of good physical quality. This research method is experimental. Collection of plants was carried out purposively, ie without comparison with other areas. The sample used was the skin of fresh ripe plantains obtained from the Simpang Limun market in Medan. This study included quality inspection preparations, moisture effectiveness test preparations, irritation tests on formulations and hedonic tests on variations in preparations made. The results of this study indicate that extracts of plantain peel (Musa paradisiaca L) with concentrations of 1%, 3%, 5%, 10%, and 15% can be formulated in the form of lip balm preparations. Formula 5 with a concentration of 15% showed the best lip balm preparation by fulfilling the requirements for physical quality, effectiveness and safety. With a preference value of 5 (like very much), has a melting point of 57'C and has a pH of 5.9 so it does not cause skin irritation and is stable at room temperature storage for 28 days. Lip balm preparations made using cocoa butter base are safe to use and meet the standards..