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All Journal Mimbar Keadilan El-Mashlahah Verity: Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional (International Relations Journal) Jurnal SOLMA PARAMUROBI Khatulistiwa: Journal of Islamic Studies Al-Adalah: Jurnal Hukum dan Politik Islam Dirasah : Jurnal Studi Ilmu dan Manajemen Pendidikan Islam El-Faqih : Jurnal Pemikiran dan Hukum Islam Proceedings of Annual Conference for Muslim Scholars JURNAL KEISLAMAN TERATEKS Jurnal Ilmiah Ar-Risalah: Media Ke-Islaman, Pendidikan, dan Hukum Islam MUAMALATUNA Sophist Jurnal Sosial Politik Kajian Islam dan Tafsir Journal of Judicial Review Widya Pranata Hukum : Jurnal Kajian dan Penelitian Hukum JENTRE Jurnal Perspektif Al-Kawakib IBLAM Law Review Ta’wiluna: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an,Tafsirdan Pemikiran Islam Jurnal Rechten : Riset Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia JENTRE: Journal of Education, Administration, Training and Religion Journal Evidence Of Law Jurnal Penyuuhan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (JPPM) QiST: Journal of Quran and Tafseer Studies Reformasi Hukum Honai Jurnal SMART (Studi Masyarakat, Religi, dan Tradisi) MIYAH: Jurnal Studi Islam Al-Bayyinah Journal of Basic Learning and Thematic i Journal of Contemporary Law Studies Al'Adalah International Journal of Islamic Boarding School Advances In Social Humanities Research Social Sciences Journal Indonesian Journal of Islamic Religious Education (INJIRE) Constitutional Law Review Al-Insyiroh: Jurnal Studi Keislaman Dharma: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Values: Jurnal Kajian Islam Multidisiplin Humaniorum Journal Harmonization Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Syaikhuna: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pranata Islam STAI Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan Jurnal Ilmiah Ar-Risalah: Media Ke-Islaman, Pendidikan dan Hukum Islam
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Journal : Constitutional Law Review

The Problematics of Iran's Retaliatory Attack on Israel: Evaluation of the Principles of Necessity and Proportionality Based on Article 51 of the UN Charter. Irvan, Mohammad; Sutrisno, Andri; Ode, Afrizal
Constitutional Law Review Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : IAIN Bone

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30863/clr.v3i2.5606

Abstract

This research analyses the legitimacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran's retaliatory strike against Israel on 1 April 2024 in the context of Article 51 of the United Nations Charter, focusing on the application of the principles of necessity and proportionality in international law. The research method used is descriptive-analytical with a normative approach, where international legal norms and the doctrine of self-defence are analysed to assess the validity of Iran's actions. The results of the analysis show that the claim of self-defence by Iran raises doubts, especially in relation to the principle of necessity, given the 11-day time lag between Israel's initial attack and Iran's retaliation, which may not fully meet the immediacy standard. In addition, the scale of Iran's counter-attack, which involved over 300 drones and missiles, appears disproportionate to the threat faced, raising questions regarding compliance with the principle of proportionality. The implications of these findings point to the need for further affirmation of international legal standards regarding self-defence and an enhanced role for the UN Security Council in overseeing such actions to maintain international peace and security.
Personal Data Protection in ASEAN: A Critical Comparison between Indonesia's and Malaysia's Legal Frameworks Darma Sukerta, Putu Aryan; Sutrisno, Andri
Constitutional Law Review Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : IAIN Bone

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30863/clr.v3i2.5605

Abstract

The development of digital technology presents significant challenges in personal data protection amid globalization and cross-border data exchange. This study compares Indonesia’s Personal Data Protection Act (UU PDP) and Malaysia’s Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA) 2010 from a normative and doctrinal legal perspective. Using a comparative legal approach through literature review, this research analyzes data subject rights, application mechanisms, supervisory structures, and enforcement and sanctioning mechanisms in both jurisdictions. The findings indicate that Indonesia’s UU PDP is more comprehensive as it covers both the public and private sectors, regulates formal procedures for data access, correction, deletion, and consent withdrawal, and is supported by strict administrative and criminal sanctions. In contrast, Malaysia’s PDPA applies only to commercial transactions, relying on lighter administrative sanctions, potentially leaving gaps in public sector data protection. Both countries also face challenges regarding the independence of supervisory bodies. This study highlights the need for institutional reforms and regulatory adjustments in line with international standards to enhance transparency, accountability, and legal certainty in personal data protection across ASEAN
Co-Authors Abd. Haris Abdul Mutalib Abdul Mutalib Abdul Wahab Ach. Nurholis Majid Ach. Nurholis Majid Aditya Nugroho Afriansyah , Ryan Agustinus, Theodorus Alfurcaan, Reynaldi Almusa, Aldi Alvianto, Danang Amir, Irfan Andi Sugirman, Andi Anggoro S. P, Bimo Annas, Muhammad Arcylla, Dian Ratri Ariono, Sujud Badrun Badrun Bagus Setiawan, Anggie Baiq Melisa Roza Baja, Daniel Bawono, Yoseph Hari Bone, Sholihin Budi, Arrum Darma Sukerta, Putu Aryan Denny Hermawan Desi Arisandi Dini Salsabela eKO, Dedin Rohmat Fajar Fajar, Rizky Nur FAJRIYAH Fajriyah Fajriyah Fajriyah, Fajriyah Fakhlur , Fakhlur Fitrah Sugiarto Fitrah Sugiarto Fitryantica, Agnes H , Dasril Haidi, Nasrul Hamka, Vinoti Hardiawan, Ridwan Hesti Ratnasari, Hesti Hia, Baliterofi Himawan, Erik Hutabarat, Feby Amalia Irvan, Mohammad Irviana, Risna iwan kuswandi Izzat Amini Izzat Amini Jaedin Kamal, Muhammad Refly Kemala, Ratih Kholis, Ikhwanul Kinandy, Wafiq J. Labib, M Ichawn Lutfi, Gess M. Rama Haqiqi Majid, Ach. Nurholis Maulidah, Khilmatin Miharja, Marjan Moh. Wardi Mu'in, Abdul Muchsin, Erwin Mudarris, Mudarris Muhamad Imam Muhammad Masruri Dalail Muhammad Masruri Dalail Nanik Trihastuti Nurhayati Nurhayati Ode, Afrizal Pambudi , S Untung Pamungkas, Imam Chandra Pawoko, Akbar Maulana Prasetiyo, Wahyu Priyono, F.X. Joko Putri, Adinda Alvita Rahmat Hi. Abdullah, Rahmat Hi. Rahmawati, Vina Rendiansyah, Rendiansyah SANTOSO SANTOSO Saputri, Karina Septianti, Riana Simanungkalit, Dohma P Nathanael Suhendry, Reno Sukmana Putri, Sarah Ayu Ramadhani Sulaiman Syahdan Syahdan, Syahdan Tristania, Naura Untari, Kurnia Sri Uswatun Hasanah Uswatun Hasanah Wahyuningrun, Eka Wendra, Muhammad Windyastuti, Feny Wulandari, Septiani Yaqin, Muhammad Nurul Yenny Rahmawati Yuwafi, Rani