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All Journal J-Sil (Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan) Indonesian Journal of Geography Inersia : Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Arsitektur MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL Jurnal Teknik Sipil Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology Teras Jurnal Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Civil Engineering Dimension Civil Engineering Journal Jurnal Aplikasi Teknik Sipil Jurnal Teknik EPI International Journal of Engineering Action Research Literate (ARL) International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS) Jurnal Pustaka Mitra : Pusat Akses Kajian Mengabdi Terhadap Masyarakat Cantilever: Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Bidang Teknik Sipil Jurnal Pusat Inovasi Masyarakat Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Journal Of Sustainability Perspectives Journal of Sustainability Perspectives Indonesian Geotechnical Journal Policy Brief Pertanian, Kelautan, dan Biosains Tropika Journal of Civil Engineering and Vocational Education Jurnal Greenation Ilmu Teknik (Journal of Environmental Sustainability Management) J-Sil (Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan)
Putra, Heriansyah
Department Of Civil And Environmental Engineering, Bogor Agricultural University, Darmaga, Bogor, 16680, INDONESIA
Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Physics Public Health Social Sciences Transportation Other

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Analysis of Green Open Space Changes at Gunung Gede - Cilibende Campus Using Geographic Information System Prawira, Gilang Indracakti; Sutoyo; Putra, Heriansyah
Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan Vol. 10 No. 1: April 2025
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan IPB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jsil.10.1.55-64

Abstract

IPB Gunung Gede - Cilibende Campus is one part of IPB University which is used by IPB Vocational School and IPB Business School. With limited land, the increase in the number of students and lecturers, as well as the development of campus infrastructure and facilities has the potential to increase carbon emissions on campus. So it is necessary to have a green space that acts as a carbon dioxide (CO2) absorber and creates a healthier environment at IPB Gunung Gede - Cilibende Campus. This study aims to analyze land use, and changes in green space at IPB Gunung Gede Campus - Cilibende. Processing involved secondary data of satellite imagery of IPB Gunung Gede - Cilibende Campus in 2019-2023 collected from Google Satellite using Google Earth Pro. Digitization was carried out to determine the land use area in calculating the green space ratio and the minimum green space requirement. Land use at IPB Gunung Gede - Cilibende Campus consists of forests, plants, buildings, parking areas, and roads. The percentage of green space in 2019 amounted to 64.05% until 2023 to 45.13%, smaller than the minimum green space requirement of 58%. The Green Roof concept can be applied as a business activity to increase green land area. By applying the Green Roof concept, IPB Gunung Gede - Cilibende Campus gets an additional green open space of 16.5% so the total green space ratio in 2023 becomes 61.63%.
In Situ Soybean Crude Urease Calcite Precipitation (SCU-CP) untuk Perkuatan Tanah Pasir Ananda, Fauzan Raflinur; Putra, Heriansyah; Erizal, Erizal; Prayoga, Angga; Lamuse, Maulina
Cantilever: Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Bidang Teknik Sipil Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): Cantilever (in progress)
Publisher : Department of Civil Engineering and Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Sriwijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35139/cantilever.v14i2.464

Abstract

Sand has low bearing capacity due to its low shear strength and lack of cohesion. Chemical improvement is more effective than physical methods for reinforcing sand, as it does not require heavy equipment. Enzyme-Mediated Calcite Precipitation (EMCP) is a chemical method that uses pure urease enzyme, but it is not economical for field applications. Therefore, the Soybean Crude Urease Calcite Precipitation (SCU-CP) method, which substitutes pure urease with soybeans, is used as a solution. This study applies SCU-CP to reinforce sand at both laboratory and field scales using Cone Penetration Test (CPT) and Unconfined Compression Strength (UCS), with variations of 1, 2, and 3 pore volumes (PV). The study began with testing sand parameters, including gradation, specific gravity, and void ratio. Treated sand samples were tested using CPT and UCS at both scales. Calcite quantification was conducted to determine the amount and distribution of calcite formed. The results show that SCU-CP increased qc values in coarse and fine sand in the CPT test, with the highest values at 3 PV being 1.28 MPa and 2.01 MPa, respectively. Laboratory UCS tests showed maximum values at 3 PV of 331.13 kPa for coarse sand and 104.38 kPa for fine sand. Field UCS tests showed values of 193.19 kPa for coarse sand and 210.84 kPa for fine sand. Calcite distribution was uniform, with actual calcite content reaching 27.66 - 34.10% of the theoretical mass.
Tsunami Hazard Level Mapping and Evaluation of Temporary Evacuation Sites (TES) on the Palabuhanratu Coast Rosyadah, Rani; Sutoyo; Putra, Heriansyah; Ramadhanis, Zainab
Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan Vol. 10 No. 2: October 2025
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan IPB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jsil.10.2.227-286

Abstract

Indonesia is highly prone to disasters due to its location at the convergence of three active tectonic plates: the Eurasian, Pacific, and Indo-Australian plates. Sukabumi Regency ranks as the second-highest risk area in the country. In the coastal region, Palabuhanratu Urban Village has the highest population density in Palabuhanratu District, reaching 6,042 people/km². The high population density in coastal areas increases the potential for casualties in the event of a tsunami. Therefore, mitigation efforts in the form of Temporary Evacuation Sites (TES) are essential across the coastal areas of Palabuhanratu District. A reassessment of the existing TES locations is necessary to evaluate their effectiveness. This study aims to identify the affected area and population under tsunami scenarios with run-up heights of 10 m, 15 m, and 20 m. Additionally, it analyzes the coverage of TES locations and the effectiveness of evacuation routes in Palabuhanratu District. The analysis is conducted using ArcGIS and QGIS software through several stages, including tsunami hazard zoning, tsunami inundation modeling, TES coverage analysis, and evacuation route optimization using network analyst tools. The results indicate that 90.6% of the coastal area in Palabuhanratu District falls into the safe category. The tsunami inundation modeling shows an affected area of 3.32 km² (run-up 10 m), 4.9 km² (run-up 15 m), and 6.1 km² (run-up 20 m). The estimated affected population for these run-up heights is 6,123, 9,348, and 12,849 people, respectively. On average, 68% of the affected population can reach a TES. A total of 68 evacuation routes were generated, with 30 routes classified as highly safe, safe, or moderate, requiring 0–20 minutes of travel time. The findings suggest that additional TES locations should be strategically placed along the coastal areas, particularly near residential zones, to improve evacuation efficiency.
Efektivitas Penyerapan Amonia dalam Metode Soybean Crude Urease Calcite Precipitation Febrita, Joana; Natasyarini, Nanda Purwita; Putra, Heriansyah
CIVED Vol. 10 No. 1 (2023): March 2023
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/cived.v10i1.380112

Abstract

Penggunaan metode soybean crude urease calcite precipitation (SCU-CP) untuk perbaikan tanah menghasilkan produk sampingan berupa amonia, yang jika nilainya tinggi dapat memberikan dampak buruk pada lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan zeolite, arang aktif, dan karang sebagai bahan penyerap amonia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui bahan yang paling efektif dalam penyerapan amonia dan pengaruhnya saat diaplikasikan pada tanah. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan dua konsentrasi dan tiga waktu pengadukan untuk semua bahan penyerap. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan penyerapan amonia terbesar terjadi pada arang aktif dengan konsentrasi 0,1 g/ml dan waktu pengadukan 20 menit, dengan nilai penyerapan 62%. Arang aktif disimpulkan memiliki efektivitas penyerapan amonia terbaik dibandingkan dengan zeolite dan karang. Penyiraman larutan aquades sebanyak 5 PV pada sampel dengan arang aktif menghasilkan nilai konsentrasi amonia terkecil sebesar 0,00001500 g/ml yang belum memenuhi baku mutu. Efektivitas penyerapan total yang terukur setelah dilakukan penyiraman pada tanah adalah sebesar 99% dari konsentrasi amonia kontrol. Penggunaan arang aktif terbukti efektif untuk mengurangi konsentrasi amonia saat larutan SCU-CP diaplikasikan pada tanah, meskipun nilainya belum memenuhi baku mutu.
Optimizing the Use of Recycled Drinking Water Treatment Sludge in Paving Block Production Eka Putra, Reza; Ismayana, Andes; Putra, Heriansyah
Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) Vol 15 No 4 (2025): Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (JPSL)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Lingkungan Hidup, IPB (PPLH-IPB) dan Program Studi Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan, IPB (PS. PSL, SPs. IPB)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jpsl.15.4.710

Abstract

Drinking Water Treatment Sludge (DWTS) recycling is a solution for handling waste sludge by making paving blocks. This paper analysis the optimization of the mechanical performance, durability, and cost production of the paving block incorporating recycled DWTS as a replacement for fine aggregate. Three paving block mixes were produced, and the replacement of sand aggregates by DWTS aggregate was mixed into different percentages by weight with variations in the water-tocementitious ratio (w/c). The mechanical performance and durability significantly decreased, falling well below the quality criteria, with the addition of DWTS increasing by over 40%. The obtained result indicated that DWTS could be used as an adequate replacement for sand aggregate that met the optimum level in the paving block containing 40% sludge with w/c 0.8 could achieve a 28-day compressive strength of 11.64 MPa, a density of 1,866.27 kg/m³, a water absorption of 12.61%, and a wear resistance of 0.077 mm/minute. It was the optimal replacement value that met the quality requirements for Class D (park). It has utilization of DWTS in paving block could help develop the appropriate technology and increase production cost efficiency to 7.73% equivalent 72,697.82 IDR/m3 paving block, thus significantly resulted in product meets technical reliability and low-cost.
Efektivitas Metode Calcite Precipitation Dengan Biocatalyst Bubuk Kedelai Sebagai Metode Biogrouting Untuk Mencegah Likuifaksi Tanah Pasir Loebis, Akbar Renaldi; Putra, Heriansyah
Teras Jurnal : Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol. 12 No. 1 (2022): Volume 12 Nomor 1, Maret 2022
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/tj.v12i1.595

Abstract

Abstrak Likuifaksi merupakan fenomena perubahan konsistensi tanah dari keadaan padat menjadi keadaan cair akibat gempa bumi. Metode calcite precipitation merupakan salah satu metode inovatif untuk mitigasi likuifaksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efektivitas metode calcite precipitation dengan biocatalyst bubuk kedelai sebagai metode biogrouting pada tanah terlikuifaksi. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel tanah berpotensi likuifaksi dengan variasi gradasi. Pengujian pengendapan kalsit diperlukan untuk menentukan komposisi optimum larutan calcite precipitation. Evaluasi efektivitas pada tanah dilakukan dengan pengujian distribusi kalsit dan penentuan nilai kekuatan tanah berdasarkan kurva hubungan antara kadar kalsit dan nilai UCS. Hasil pengujian pengendapan kalsit didapatkan konsentrasi bubuk kedelai 15 g/L sebagai komposisi optimum larutan calcite precipitation. Nilai kadar kalsit maksimum yang terbentuk di sampel pasir halus, sedang, dan kasar berturut-turut sebesar 4,96; 6,12; dan 1,32 % sehingga mampu menghasilkan nilai prediksi UCS sebesar 132, 172, dan 59 kPa. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan metode calcite precipitation dengan biocatalyst bubuk kedelai terbukti efektif diaplikasikan pada sampel pasir untuk meningkatkan kekuatan tanah sehingga mampu mencegah terjadinya peristiwa likuifaksi. Kata kunci: bubuk kedelai, gradasi tanah, kalsit, likuifaksi Abstract Liquefaction was a phenomenon of change in soil consistency from a solid state to a liquid state due to the earthquake. Calcite precipitation method may be one of the innovative methods for liquefaction mitigation. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of the calcite precipitation method with soybean powder biocatalyst as a biogrouting method in liquefied soil. This research used potentially liquefied soil samples with various gradations. A precipitation test was needed to determined the optimum composition of the calcite precipitation solution. Evaluation of the effectiveness on soil was carried out by calcite distribution test and determining the value of soil strength based on the correlation curve between calcite contents and UCS values. The result of the precipitation test showed that 15 g/L soybean powder concentration was the optimum composition of the calcite precipitation solution. Maximum calcite content values had formed in fine, medium, and coarse sand sample was 4,96; 6,12; and 1,32 % so that able to produced UCS prediction values of 132, 172, and, 59 kPa.  The results of this research show that calcite precipitation method with soybean powder biocatalyst proved to be effective on sand samples to improved the strength of the soils so can prevented liquefaction. Keywords: calcite, liquefaction, soil gradation, soybean powder 
Peningkatan Efisiensi Biaya Pembangunan Gedung Bertingkat Dengan Aplikasi Building Information Modeling (BIM) 5D Umam, Faqih Nadiya; Erizal, Erizal; Putra, Heriansyah
Teras Jurnal : Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol. 12 No. 1 (2022): Volume 12 Nomor 1, Maret 2022
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/tj.v12i1.704

Abstract

Abstrak Sebagian besar perusahaan konstruksi di Indonesia saat ini masih menggunakan aplikasi konvensional yang dilakukan secara terpisah. Akibat yang sering ditemukan dari penggunaan aplikasi konvensional terfragmentasi antara lain adanya limbah kontruksi dan keterlambatan informasi yang menyebabkan inefisiensi biaya dan waktu. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan suatu sistem integrasi yang dapat menjawab permasalahan tersebut. Salah satu teknologi yang telah muncul untuk menjawab permasalahan adalah Building Information Modeling (BIM). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan simulasi pemodelan dan perhitungan untuk mengevaluasi akurasi dan efisiensi biaya penggunaan aplikasi BIM 5D dibandingkan dengan metode konvensional pada pekerjaan besi dan beton. Simulasi proyek dilakukan pada apartment 16 lantai. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan penggunaan aplikasi BIM 5D dapat mengurangi biaya tenaga kerja sebesar Rp171.989.939,00 atau menghemat 6,33%. Nilai efisiensi volume pekerjaan beton fc30 MPa, beton fc35 MPa, dan pekerjaan besi tulangan masing-masing sebesar 7,21%, 10,87%, dan 5,98%. Total efisiensi biaya yang didapatkan sebesar Rp406.697.000,00. Biaya tersebut sangat besar dibandingkan biaya investasi aplikasi BIM 5D seharga Rp127.000.000,00. Kata kunci: Aplikasi BIM 5D, Building Information Modeling, Efisiensi Biaya Abstract Most construction companies in Indonesia currently still use conventional applications that are carried out separately. The consequences that are often found from the use of fragmented conventional applications include construction waste and delays in the information that cause cost and time inefficiencies. Therefore, an integrated system is needed to answer these problems. One technology that has emerged to answer these problems is Building Information Modeling (BIM). This research was conducted by modeling simulations and calculations to evaluate the accuracy and cost-efficiency of using the BIM 5D application compared to conventional methods in rebar and concrete work. The project simulation was carried out on a 16-floor apartment. As a result, the use of the BIM 5D application can reduce labor costs by Rp171,989,939.00 or save 6.33%. The efficiency values of fc'30 MPa concrete work, fc'35 MPa concrete, and rebar work are 7.21%, 10.87%, and 5.98%, respectively. The total cost-efficiency obtained is Rp406,697,000.00. This cost is huge compared to the investment cost of the BIM 5D application for Rp127,000,000.00. Keywords: BIM 5D application, Building Information Modeling, Cost Efficiency
Analisis Kerawanan Longsor dengan Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman Putri, Zenia Dwi; Sutoyo, Sutoyo; Putra, Heriansyah
Teras Jurnal : Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol. 13 No. 2 (2023): Volume 13 Nomor 2, September 2023
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/tj.v13i2.922

Abstract

Abstrak Bencana longsor dapat mengancam daerah permukiman, lahan pertanian, infrastruktur dan hutan seperti yang sering dijumpai di daerah perbukitan. Kondisi topografi di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman yang cukup landai serta terletak pada dua jalur patahan lempeng global mengakibatkan daerah tersebut rawan bencana longsor. Tujuan penelitian ini mengidentifikasi tingkat kerawanan dan risiko serta sebaran daerah longsor di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dengan melakukan skoring dan pembobotan terhadap parameter longsor. Hasil penelitian diperoleh areal dengan tingkat kerawan longsor rendah 2.899,13 ha (2,22%), kerentanan sedang 39.485,20 ha (30,24 %), kerentanan tinggi 29.706,89 ha (22,75%) dan kerentanan sangat tinggi 58.491,41 ha (44,79%).  Wilayah rawan longsor sangat tinggi banyak dijumpai di Limo Koto Timur (7.031,85 ha), IV Koto Aur Melintang (6.265,79 ha), Limo Koto Kampung Dalam (5.604,04 ha), Sungai Limau (5.341,70 ha), Dua Kali Sebelas Kayu Tanam (5.225,93 ha), Sungai Geringging (5.041,83 ha), dan Patamuan (4.218,86 ha). Pemetaan wilayah risiko longsor di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman didominasi oleh kelas risiko sedang yaitu 62.577,28 ha (47,92%). Sebaran wilayah kategori risiko sangat tinggi banyak dijumpai diantaranya di Kecamatan VII Koto Sungai Sarik (235,15 ha), Limo Koto Kampung Dalam (145,73 ha) dan Patamuan (142,42 ha). Kata kunci: longsor, peta, rawan, risiko, sistem informasi geografis Abstract Landslides can threaten residential areas, agricultural land, infrastructure and forests as is often found in hilly areas. The topography of Padang Pariaman Regency, which is quite sloping and located on two global plate fault lines, makes the area prone to landslides. The purpose of this study were to identify the level of vulnerability and risk as well as the distribution of landslide areas in Padang Pariaman Regency. This study uses secondary data by scoring and weighting the landslide parameters. The results showed that the area with low landslide susceptibility was 2.899,13 ha (2,22%), moderate vulnerability was 39.485,20 ha (30,24 %), high vulnerability was 29.706,89 ha (22,75%) and very high vulnerability was 58.491,41 ha (44,79%). Landslide prone areas are very high and often found in Limo Koto Timur (7.031,85 ha), IV Koto Aur Melintang (6.265,79 ha), Limo Koto Kampung Dalam (5.604,04 ha), Sungai Limau (5.341,70 ha), Twice Eleven Timber Plants (5.225,93 ha), Geringging River (5.041,83 ha), and Patamuan (4.218,86 ha). The mapping of landslide risk areas in Padang Pariaman Regency is dominated by the medium risk class, which is 62.577,28 ha (47,92%). The distribution of areas in the very high risk category is often found in District VII Koto Sungai Sarik (235,15 ha), Limo Koto Kampung Dalam (145,73 ha) and Patamuan (142,42 ha). Keywords: landslide, map, prone, risk, geographic information system
Analisis Kerentanan Shelter Tsunami terhadap Beban Gempa dan Tsunami Menggunakan Metode Time History dan Incremental Dynamic Analysis Rivansyah, Mohamad Daffa; Fauzan, Muhammad; Putra, Heriansyah
Jurnal Teknik: Media Pengembangan Ilmu dan Aplikasi Teknik Vol 24 No 2 (2025): Jurnal Teknik - Media Pengembangan Ilmu dan Aplikasi Teknik
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik - Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55893/jt.vol24no2.733

Abstract

Palabuhanratu merupakan lokasi dengan risiko tinggi terhadap gempa berkekuatan 8,9 Mw dan tsunami setinggi 20 meter, dengan populasi sekitar 119.347 jiwa dan hingga 1,7 juta pengunjung tahunan. Penelitian ini menganalisis kerentanan shelter dengan menggunakan metode non linear time history dan Incremental Dynamic Analysis terhadap tiga rekaman gempa; Chi-Chi, Iwate, dan Tohoku serta beban tsunami dengan variasi inundasi 2,5–20 m. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa struktur mencapai kinerja IO terhadap gempa pada skala 1,0, namun mengalami peningkatan signifikan dalam simpangan atap akibat beban tsunami, terutama pada ketinggian 15 m. Kurva fragilitas memperlihatkan probabilitas kerusakan berat mencapai 95,6% dan potensi keruntuhan 10,93% pada tsunami dengan puing, sementara pada skenario tanpa puing probabilitas kerusakan berat hampir 0%. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya mempertimbangkan beban puing dalam desain shelter tsunami serta memberikan dasar empiris untuk pengembangan kurva fragilitas pada struktur shelter tsunami.
Mapping of Tsunami Vulnerability Levels and Planning of Shelter Points and Evacuation Routes along the Palabuhanratu Coastline Zafira, Aura Putri; Sutoyo; Putra, Heriansyah; Erizal; Ramadhanis, Zainab
Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025): JGEET Vol 10 No 04 : December (2025)
Publisher : UIR PRESS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/jgeet.2025.10.4.24849

Abstract

The Palabuhanratu Subdistrict, located in the Sukabumi Regency, is a high-risk area for tsunami disasters owing to tectonic activity along the Indo-Australian and Eurasian Plate subduction zones. The tsunami vulnerability level in this subdistrict is further heightened by the relatively dense population in its coastal areas, which increases the potential for loss of life and material losses. Therefore, an analysis of tsunami vulnerability levels and the planning of structural mitigation measures—such as shelters and evacuation routes—are crucial to protect communities from tsunami threats. This study aims to analyse the inundation area and affected population under tsunami scenarios with wave heights of 10, 15, and 20 m; identify the coverage of the proposed tsunami shelters; and evaluate the effectiveness of evacuation routes leading to the shelters in the Palabuhanratu Subdistrict. The methods employed include scoring and weighting techniques, Model Builder tools, and Network Analyst. The results indicate that coastal villages, such as Citepus, Jayanti, and Palabuhanratu, are highly vulnerable to tsunamis. Based on inundation modelling, Palabuhanratu Village had the largest inundated area and the highest number of affected residents. Most residents of Citepus and Jayanti Villages are located more than 1,350 m from the nearest shelter, with travel times exceeding 30 min. In contrast, the majority of residents in Palabuhanratu Village can reach shelters within 20 min, although some are still categorised as being in distant and very distant zones. A total of 11 evacuation routes were designed to connect the initial evacuation points to the shelters. However, 2 of the 11 routes, from Point 5 and 6, still exceed 1.000 m in distance and require more than 20 min of travel time.
Co-Authors Achmad Hafidz Agus Purwito Akbar Renaldi Loebis Albar, Dimas Kharizmi Alfian Helmi Alifah Fidela Amigunani, Zahra Wajdini Amperanoto, Agus Ananda, Fauzan Raflinur Andes Ismayana Andra Ardiana Angga Prayoga Angie Irmajulianna Anisa Dwi Utami Annisa Daniswara Apriadi Apriadi Apriadi, Apriadi Apriadi, Apriadi Ardhana, Wigo Ari Setiawan Arief Nugroho, Danang Arief Sabdo Yuwono Arif Satria Aswin Lim Aulia , Syifa Aulia Andi Mustika Avrill Khayyira Bella Yuliani Budi Purwanto Budijanto Widjaja Daniswara, Annisa Debendra Neupane Devya Meisnnehr Devyan Meisnnehr Dian Hestiyantari Dodik Ridho Nurrochmat Dwi Utami , Anisa Eka Putra, Reza Erizal Erizal , Erizal . Erizal Erizal Fauzan , Muhammad Fauzan Subeantoro Fazrina Andriani Sakinah Lubis Febrianto, Ari Febrita, Joana Fifi Gus Dwiyanti Fikha Raihani Fitri W Bilqist Fitriyah, Fadla Salma Giri Rasyidpradana Ganda Hafidz, Achmad Hamdun, Mohammad Handian Purwawangsa Hendra Prasetia Henky Muljana Herlan Darmawan Hidayat, Febrian R Hideaki Yasuhara Hideaki Yasuhara Hideaki Yasuhara Hideaki Yasuhara Hudaya, Aang Husin Alatas I Wayan Wirya Aristyana IBNUL QAYIM Imam Suyanto IPB, BPKB Irgie Yudhistira irwan meilano Irzaman, Irzaman ISKANDAR ZULKARNAEN SIREGAR Ismail, Chandra Jose T Hutapea Julianto, Baskoro Tri Khairunnisa, Zayyaan Nabiila Khoirunisa, Hana Khoirunnisa, Hana Kosasih, Akhmad Lamuse, Maulina Larasaty Layla Alifani Ekrep Loebis, Akbar Renaldi Lofianda, Luthfi Lukvy, Wisely Luthfi Lofianda Maharama , Mochammad Zhafran Ichsan Maria Evita Maulasih, Resti Meindika R Praditya Meti Ekayani Mitra Djamal Moch Ridwan Widiansyah Mochammad Izzudin Ma’mun Moh Yasin Muhamad Raffi Rahman Muhammad A I Munawar Muhammad Adhiragil Kandyas Muhammad Athourrohman Muhammad F Faiq Muhammad Fauzan Muhammad fauzan Murdiono, Jatmiko N Annisa, Chika Naoki Kinoshita Naoki Kinoshita Naoki Kinoshita Natasyarini, Nanda Purwita Nina Siti Aminah Nofriadi Nurul Chairunnisa Nyoto Santoso Oktafiani, Pradyta Galuh Oktafiani, Pradyta Galuh Oktaviani, Tetra Prawira, Gilang Indracakti Purwo Mahardi Putri , Riska Aulia Putri , Risky Sherly Putri Zafira, Aura Putri, Risky Sherly Putri, Wirdatun Nafiah Putri, Zenia Dwi Rahman, Muhamad Raffi Rahmawan, Rama Zaky Rai Sita Ramadhan, Fathur Ramadhanis, Zainab Ramadhanis, Zainab Dwi Regina Aprilia Zulfikar Retna Apsari Rhini Wulan Dary Rifnadhi, Bayu RIKA RAFFIUDIN Rina Mardiana Risky Sherly Putri Risma Amelia Rivansyah, Mohamad Daffa Rizki Amelia Rosyadah, Rani Rukmana, Adi Sari, Windi Mayang Satyanto Krido Saptomo Shahilla Larasaty Simatupang, Minson Slamet, Alim S Slamet, Alim Setiawan Suryanto, Wiwit Sutanto , Filipus Gianus Sutoyo Sutoyo Sutoyo Sutoyo Syamsul Arifin Tri Sudibyo Triyogo Aleksandria Ulhaq, Yasminna Dhiya Umam, Faqih Nadiya Utami, Anisa D Utami, Anisa Dwi Utami, Annisa Dwi Wahyu Srigutomo Wahyudi Wahyudi Wangsawitana , Yunan Yakuta WINDRA PRIAWANDIPUTRA, WINDRA Windy D Aryanti Yasuhara, Hideaki Yudi Chadirin Yuli Suharnoto Zaenal Abidin Zafira, Aura Putri Zainab Ramadhanis Zalfa Maulida Ihsani