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All Journal Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia FORUM STATISTIKA DAN KOMPUTASI Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) International Journal of Renewable Energy Development SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research agriTECH INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Jurnal Agroqua: Media Informasi Agronomi dan Budidaya Perairan Jurnal Ilmiah Pesantren Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia Jurnal Jamu Indonesia Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering (AFSSAAE) Media Agribisnis RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL OF EDUCATION (RDJE) Jurnal Pengabdian Polinema Kepada Masyarakat Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sasindo Jurnal Ilmiah Berkala: Sains dan Terapan Kimia Dinamika Kesehatan: Jurnal Kebidanan dan Keperawatan

Mohamad Rafi

Departemen Kimia, Fakultas Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor

Author-ID : 2450722

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Other

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OPTIMIZATION OF EXTRACTION CONDITIONS FOR ANDROGRAPHOLIDE USING FRACTIONAL FACTORIAL DESIGN Mohamad Rafi
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 25 No 3, 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Andrographolide is a major bioctive compound found in king of bitter (Andrographis paniculata). In this study, the extraction method and its condition were investigated in order to get an extract with maximum amount of andrographolide by comparing three other extraction methods, i.e. maceration, soxhletation and ultrasonication and also determination for the optimum condition of the selected extraction method. The highest andrographolide amount was found by maceration, so this method was choosen for further optimization of extraction condition. The optimum condition based on the prediction amount from 27 factor combinations was obtained in 360 times of extraction time, 2g/100mL of sample to solvent ratio, and 3fold of extraction frequency with prediction of andrographolide amount was 3.50%. While by using prediction profile, the optimum condition was obtained in 360min of extraction time, 2 g/100mL of sample and solvent ratio, and 4 times of extraction frequency with the amount was 3.47-3.74%.

Hidrokarbon Aromatik Polisiklik pada Lahan Tercemar Limbah Minyak Bumi: Tinjauan Pertumbuhan Mikro-Organisme, Proses Metabolisme dan Biodegradasi Allen Kurniawan; Yanuar Chandra Wirasembada; Indah Mutiara Ningtyas Razaad; Adi Novriansyah; Mohamad Rafi; Agus Jatnika Effendi
Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan Vol 16, No 1 (2018): April 2018
Publisher : School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro Univer

ABSTRAKHidrokarbon Aromatik Polisiklik (HAP) berasal dari proses alamiah dan limbah antropogenik di lingkungan. HAP merupakan polutan di udara, tanah, dan padatan yang mengendap pada fase cair (sedimen) dan berkembang akibat pembakaran tidak lengkap material organik. Kajian ini berupa studi literatur mengenai informasi secara lebih detil tentang laju kenaikan HAP pada tanah, gambaran umum proses metabolisme, proses biodegradasi HAP melalui keterlibatan mikroorganisme, dan alternatif pengolahan sebagai media teknologi penunjang aktivitas proses degradasi. Proses degradasi HAP dan substrat hidrofobik digunakan untuk membatasi jumlah fase cair terlarut melalui sorbsi, kristalin, dan non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) sehingga HAP terlarut menjadi tidak tersedia. Laju peningkatan HAP di dalam tanah terbagi atas tiga fase, yaitu fase eksponensial, fase lanjutan dengan pertumbuhan pseudo-linear, dan fase pseudo-stasioner pada kondisi tidak ideal berdasarkan ciri akses bakteri tersedia dalam jumlah tidak terbatas, dan transportasi substrat adalah homogen. Pada media heterogen, seperti tanah, HAP diserap dalam partikel organik pada pori-pori dengan ukuran kecil sehingga bakteri tanah tidak dapat mengakses HAP. Pada kasus pencemaran dalam skala besar, HAP akan berbentuk semacam tar droplet sehingga membatasi bakteri untuk mendegradasi HAP. Selain bakteri, jenis organisme dan mikroorganisme spesifik pendegradasi HAP dapat ditemukan pada jamur (fungi), cyanobacteria, dan alga.Kata kunci: biodegradasi, hidrokarbon aromatik polisiklik, mikroorganisme, proses metabolisme.ABSTRACTPolycylic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are derived from natural processes and the anthropogenic wastes in the environment. PAHs are pollutants found in the air, soil, and sediments which are developed due to incomplete combustion of the organic materials. This review provides a more detail literature study regarding the microbial growth, the metabolic process, and PAHs microbial biodegradation processes overview. The process of PAHs and the hydrophobic substrate degradation is applied to limit the amount of dissolved aqueous phase through sorption, crystalline, and non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) so that the dissolved PAHs are no longer available. microbial growth on PAHs as the sole carbon source can be divided into three phases which are the exponential phase, the advance phase with pseudo-linear growth, and pseudo-stationery phase in a non-ideal condition based on the characteristic of the unlimited bacterial access and the homogenous substrate transport. In the heterogeneous medium, such as soil, PAHs are absorbed into the organic particles of small sized pores so that the PAHs become inaccessible for the soil bacteria. In large scale pollution, the PAHs are in the form of tar droplets which limit the access for soil bacteria to degrade the PAHs. Other than bacteria, the specific organisms and microorganisms to degrade PAHs are found in fungi, cyanobacteria, and algae.Keywords: biodegradation, growth rate, metabolic process, microbial, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.Citation: Kurniawan A., Wirasembada, Y.C., Razaad, I.M.N., Novriansyah, A., Rafi, M., Effendi, A.J.(2018). Hidrokarbon Aromatik Polisiklik pada Lahan Tercemar Limbah Minyak Bumi: Tinjauan Pertumbuhan Mikro-Organisme, Proses Metabolisme dan Biodegradasi, Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 16(1), 9-24, doi:10.14710/jil.16.1.9-24

Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Tabir Surya Ekstrak Daun Gyrinops versteegii (Antioxidant activity and Sunscreen of Gyrinops versteegii Leaf Extract) Maeda Wahyuningrum; Rita K Sari; Mohamad Rafi
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 16, No 2 (2018): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

The aim of this study was to determine the yield and phytochemicals, antioxidant activity, and sunscreen of the Gyrinops versteegii leaf extracts. The leaf simplicia was extracted using soxhletation method with multilevel polarities of solvent (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and metanol). The analysis of phytochemical extracts has been carried out the qualitatively and quantitatively. The antioxidant activity testing was performed in vitro through the effective concentration (EC50) extract in capturing DPPH radicals. Sunscreen activity has been done through testing sun protection factor (SPF). The result showed that the yield of n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts were 7.83, 5.46, and 6.77% respectively. The phytochemical analysis showed that the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were strongly detected containing antioxidant compounds such as p-hydroquinone, flavonoid, and tannins with the total phenol of the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were 3.40 and 4.27% respectively. The n-hexane extract detected contains weakly the antioxidant compounds with the total phenol was 0.45%. The methanol extract is the highest antioxidant activity (EC50 14.46 μg ml-1) and has ultra sunscreen activity (SPF>15).

Sifat Fisikokimia dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Crude Fukoidan Hasil Ekstraksi dari Sargassum cinereum Liliek Nurhidayati; Yashinta Fitriani; Syamsudin Abdillah; Esti Mumpuni; Mohamad Rafi
JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol 18 No 1 (2020): JIFI
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Pancasila

Brown seaweed has been known as a fucoidan source that has various biological activities. Fucoidan could be obtained by various extraction methods. This study aims to extract, characterize and to evaluate the antioxidant activity of crude fucoidan extracted from Sargassum cinereum. Extraction was carried out by refluxing at 100oC for 4 and 5 hours and then precipitated with ethanol. The crude fucoidan was brown powder. The yield with 4 hours extraction time was 2.78% which did not differ significantly from the 5 hours extraction time. Phytochemical screening of crude extract showed that beside fucoidan there were flavonoids, saponins, steroids, triterpenoids, and tannins. The extraction with duration of 4 hours and 5 hours had sulfate content of 16.31% and 11.22%, total carbohydrate content were 22.94% and 22.85%, and in the FTIR spectrum showed OH absorption bands of carbohydrates, fucose, sulfates and uronic acid. Testing of antioxidant activity using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhyrazyl) free radical inhibition method produced IC50 values of 721.9 µg/ml and 749.9 µg/ml respectively and it was concluded that crude fucoidan of Sargassum cinereum had weak antioxidant activity.

Evaluasi Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Perubahan Metabolit Sekunder Mayor Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza) Pada Umur Rimpang Yang Berbeda Edy Djauhari Purwakusumah; Lusi Royani; Mohamad Rafi
Jurnal Jamu Indonesia Vol. 1 No. 1 (2016): Jurnal Jamu Indonesia
Publisher : Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antioksidan dan perubahan metabolit sekunder mayor temulawak (C. xanthorrhiza) pada umur rimpang yang berbeda. Aktivitas antioksidan ditentukan menggunakan tiga metode yaitu DPPH (1,1-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), dan CUPRAC (cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity), sedangkan kadar kurkuminoid dan xantorizol ditentukan dengan metode KCKT. Hasil pengukuran aktivitas antioksidan, kadar kurkuminoid dan xantorizol menunjukkan semakin meningkat dengan bertambahnya umur rimpang temulawak. Analisis korelasi antara aktivitas antioksidan dan kadar kurkuminoid serta xantorizoldiperoleh bahwa kapasitas antioksidan yang diukur dengan metode DPPH dan FRAP mempunyai korelasi positif dengan nilai sebesar 0.757 r 0.996 dan 0.522 r 0.976 berturut-turut, sedangkan metode CUPRAC berkorelasi tinggi dengan jumlah rendemen (r = 0.986). Analisis spektrum IR pada sampel rimpang temulawak memberikan profil yang identik dengan perbedaan hanya pada nilai absorbansnya. Rimpang temulawak dengan umur 9 bulan memiliki detail spektrum IR yang lebih jelas dan nilai absorbans yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan umur rimpang 7 dan 8 bulan. Evaluasi yang dilakukan dapat memberikan informasi mengenai mutu rimpang temulawak berdasarkan masa tanamnya.

Metode Ekstraksi dan Pemisahan Optimum Untuk Isolasi Xantorizol dari Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) Wulan Tri Wahyuni; Herdiyanto Herdiyanto; Mohamad Rafi
Jurnal Jamu Indonesia Vol. 2 No. 2 (2017): Jurnal Jamu Indonesia
Publisher : Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University

Xantorizol merupakan senyawa penciri utama temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza). Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan metode ekstraksi dan pemisahan optimum untuk isolasi xantorizol dari rimpang temulawak. Maserasi dan sokletasi digunakan untuk mengekstraksi xantorizol dengan pelarut metanol, dietil eter, dan n-heksana. Pemisahan dilakukan dengan kromatografi kolom dan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) preparatif dan hasil pemisahan dikarakterisasi berdasarkan spektrum inframerah dan kromatografi gas-spektrum massa (KG-SM), sementara persentase kemurniannya ditentukan dengan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi. Ekstrak n-heksana dari teknik maserasi memiliki kandungan xantorizol lebih tinggi dibanding ekstrak lainnya yaitu sebesar 168 mg/g sampel. Fraksi ke-4 hasil pemisahan kolom terhadap ekstrak n-heksana memberikan dua spot pada KLT dengan Rf 0.54 dan 0.68, spot dengan Rf 0.54 diduga merupakan xantorizol (dikonfirmasi dengan KG-SM). Pemurnian lebih lanjut dengan KLT preparatif terhadap fraksi ke-4 menghasilkan xantorizol dengan rendemen sebesar 0.016 % berdasar bobot sampel dan tingkat kemurnian sebesar 87.40 %.

Analisis Sidik Jari Kromatografi Lapis Tipis Rimpang Temu Mangga (Curcuma mangga) Makmum Syafi’i; Eti Rohaeti; Wulan Tri Wahyuni; Mohamad Rafi; Dewi Anggraini Septaningsih
Jurnal Jamu Indonesia Vol. 3 No. 3 (2018): Jurnal Jamu Indonesia
Publisher : Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University

Profil sidik jari kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kendali mutu bahan baku maupun produk tumbuhan obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan metode analisis sidik jari rimpang temu mangga (Curcuma mangga) untuk kendali mutunya. Rimpang kering temu mangga diekstraksi menggunakan metanol dan dianalisis sidik jari KLT. Kloroform:etil asetat (8.5:1.5) merupakan fase gerak optimum yang memisahkan 11 pita dari rimpang temu mangga dengan keterpisahan yang baik dan memiliki pita khas biru tua (Rf 0.36). Demetoksikurkumin terdeteksi pada rimpang temu mangga dengan warna jingga kecoklatan pada UV 366 nm (Rf 0.48) setelah diderivatisasi dengan pereaksi asam sulfat 10%. Pengujian spesifitas terhadap rimpang lain dalam satu genus, rimpang temu mangga menunjukan pola yang berbeda. Validasi metode analisis sidik jari KLT memenuhi kriteria keberterimaan, sehingga metode ini dapat digunakan untuk kendali mutu rimpang temu mangga.

HPLC Fingerprint Analysis Combined with Chemometrics for Authentication of Kaempferia galanga from Related Species Cahya Septyanti; Irmanida Batubara; Mohamad Rafi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 16, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Fingerprint analysis using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been developed for authentication of Kaempferia galanga from related species, such as Kaempferia pandurata and K. rotunda. By comparing the fingerprint chromatograms of K. galanga, K. pandurata and K. rotunda, we could identify K. galanga samples and detect adulteration of K. galanga from K. pandurata and K. rotunda by using their marker peaks. We also combined HPLC fingerprint with chemometrics for discrimination the three species and also for authentication of K. galanga. All the three species and K. galanga adulterated with K. pandurata and K. rotunda were discriminated successfully by using principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA). This result indicates that HPLC fingerprint analysis in combination with PCA (PC1 = 30.06% and PC2 = 34.74%) and DA (DF1 = 94.59% and DF2 = 3.32%) could be used for authentication of K. galanga samples from the related species.

FIRST-ORDER ULTRAVIOLET DERIVATIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF RESERPINE IN ANTIHYPERTENSION TABLET Latifah K Darusman; Mohamad Rafi; Wulan Tri Wahyuni; Rizna Azrianiningsari
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 12, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A new ultraviolet derivative spectrophotometry (UVDS) method has been developed for determination of reserpine in antihypertension tablets. A first-order UVDS based on the measurement of the distance between peaks to baseline (DZ) at the wavelength of 312 nm was used. Evaluation of analytical performance showed that accuracy as percentage recovery was 99.18-101.13%, precision expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.91% and linear correlation was also obtained 0.9998 in the range of 10-50 µg/mL. Estimation of limit of detection and limit of quantitation was 0.8868 µg/mL and 2.6874 µg/mL, respectively. As a reference method, HPLC methods from United States Pharmacopiea (USP) were used. Commercially tablets available were analyzed by the two methods. The content of reserpine in tablets was found 0.2260±0.0033 mg by UVDS and 0.2301±0.0051 mg by the USP methods. The result obtained from the two methods was compared statistically using F-test and t-test and showed no significant differences between the variance and mean values of the two methods at 95% confidence level. This method was faster, easier, low cost and gave result as well as the reference method published by USP.

Differentiation of Curcuma longa, Curcuma xanthorrhiza and Zingiber cassumunar by Thin Layer Chromatography Fingerprint Analysis Mohamad Rafi; Eti Rohaeti; Ali Miftahudin; Latifah K. Darusman
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 11, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Turmeric (Curcuma longa), java turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) and cassumunar ginger (Zingiber cassumunar) are widely used in traditional Indonesian medicine. These three herbs have relatively similar rhizomes colour so it is difficult to be differentiated especially if they are in powder form. A rapid and reliable method, thin layer chromatography (TLC) fingerprint, has been developed in order to identify, authenticate and differentiate these three herbs through fingerprint profile of chemical compounds. TLC fingerprints of the three herbs were obtained by visualization of separate zones with visible and UV (254 and 366 nm) light. The TLC fingerprint pattern is different each other and showed a specific marker zones respectively. Therefore, TLC fingerprint can be utilized for identification, authentication and differentiation method in quality control of the three herbs tested.

Co-Authors A. Wahyuningrum Abdul Rohman Abdul Rohman Abdul Waris Adi Novriansyah Agus Jatnika Effendi Agus Mohamad Soleh Alfi Hudatul Karomah Ali Miftahudin Allen Kurniawan Amalia Yunita Amrullah Amrullah Antonio Kautsar Aryo Tedjo Asefin Nurul Ikhtiarini Atang Sutandi Auliatifani, Reza Auliya Ilmiawati Baba Barus Bambang - Riyanto Bambang Prajogo Eko Wardoyo Cahya Septyanti Cecep Abdurohman Putra Derry Permana Dewi Anggraeni Septaningsih Dewi Pusparani Sinambela Dien Atin Boritnaban Djoko Santosa Dyan Fitri Nugraha E. Rohaeti Edy Djauhari Purwakusumah Edy Djauhari Purwakusumah Edy Djauhari Purwakusumah Esti Mumpuni Eti Rohaeti Fadila Karunina Fifi Gus Dwiyanti Hanifullah Habibie Henny Purwaningsih Herdiyanto Herdiyanto Heriyanto Syafutra Ikrar M. Saleh Indah Mutiara Ningtyas Razaad Irma Herawati Suparto Irmanida Batubara Irnawati Irnawati ISKANDAR ZULKARNAEN SIREGAR Khaydanur, Khaydanur Khoirotul Muzayanah L. K. Darusman Latifah K Darusman Latifah K Darusman Latifah K. Darusman Latifah K. Darusman Latifah Kosim Darusman Latifah Kosim Darusman Latifah Kosim Darusman Latifah Kosim Darusman Lee Wah Lim Liliek Nurhidayati Lisa Aprilia Indriyani Lusi Royani M. Agung Zaim Adzkiya Maeda Wahyuningrum Makmum Syafi’i Maya Melati Muhamad Insanu Muhamad Noor Azizu, Muhamad Noor Muhammad Bachri Amran Muhammad Fuad Zaini Muhammad Majiidu Nancy Dewi Yuliana Nanik Siti Aminah Neliwati Nengsih, Nunuk Kurniati Nita Hestiyana Nurameylia Rasaidi Nurhajawarsi Nurhajawarsi Nurmaida Nurmaida Nursifa Mawadah Partomuan Simanjuntak Parwito Purnomo, Tsania Firqin Putra Astaman Putri Vidiasari Darsono R. Heryanto Rifki Husnul Khuluk Rita K Sari Rizka Wildani Rizky Kurniawan Murtiyanto Rizna Azrianiningsari Roza Linda Roza Linda Roza Yusfiandayani Rudi Heryanto Sandra Arifin Aziz Septaningsih, Dewi Anggraini Setyaningsih, Widiastuti Shinta Maharani Trivena Sifa Awalul Fikriah Siti Norazian Ismail Slamet Ari Dwi Ratnanto SUMINAR SETIATI ACHMADI Suyanti Natalia Syamsudin Abdillah Syamsudin Abdillah Syifa Muflihah Taopik Ridwan Tatik Raisawati Toyohide Takeuchi Tun Tedja Irawadi Umi Khabibah Usman Ahmad Utami Dyah Safitri Utami Dyah Syafitri Waras Nurcholis Widia Citra Anggundari, Widia Citra Wina Yulianti Wisnu Ananta Kusuma Wulan Tri Wahyuni Wulansari, Laela Yanuar Chandra Wirasembada Yashinta Fitriani Yulita Suyatmika Zulhan Arief Zulhelmi Aziz Zulliati Zulliati

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