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Zaenal Arifin
Universitas Semarang
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Peran Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Dalam Pengawasan Jasa Layanan Keuangan Berbasis Financial Technology Peer to Peer Lending Arifin, Zaenal; Lestari, Rohmini Indah; Saifudin, Saifudin; Putrisetia, Difa Ayu
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023): AUGUST
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v6i2.7170

Abstract

This research aims to examine the regulation and supervision of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) regarding the provision of financial technology-based peer-to-peer lending services. The utilization of knowledge and technology in the financial sector is marked by the emergence of financial technology (Fintech). The presence of Fintech has brought convenience to various types of financial transactions. However, these positive impacts are not without their negative consequences. This is because many businesses establish or operate Fintech platforms without proper authorization or registration with the OJK. The regulation of Fintech itself is scattered across various legal provisions. This research method is normative juridical. The results of this study indicate a lack of comprehensive regulation, which has the potential to weaken legal protection for Fintech consumers. There is a need for comprehensive regulations addressing illegal Fintech activities and consumer protection in the Fintech sector. Optimal supervision of Fintech services will provide a sense of security for Fintech consumers and protect their rights. The OJK's supervision of Fintech has not been maximized, and illegal Fintech providers continue to emerge. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaturan dan pengawasan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) terhadap penyelenggaraan jasa layanan keuangan digital berbasis financial technology peer to peer lending. Pemanfaatan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi dalam bidang keuangan ditandai dengan lahirnya financial technology (Fintech). Hadirnya Fintech membawa kemudahan di segala jenis transaksi keuangan. Namun dampak positif tersebut tidak lepas juga dari dampak negatif yang timbul. Hal ini terjadi karena banyak pelaku usaha yang mendirikan atau menjalankan Fintech  tanpa adanya izin atau terdaftar di OJK. Pengaturan Fintech  sendiri masih tersebar dalam berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan. Metode penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah.  Hasil penelitian ini adalah ketiadaan pengaturan yang komprehensif berpotensi mengakibatkan lemahnya perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen Fintech. Perlu adanya regulasi yang komprehensif terkait adanya Fintech ilegal dan juga perlindungan terhadap konsumen Fintech. Pengawasan yang optimal terhadap jasa layanan Fintech akan memberikan rasa aman untuk para konsumen Fintech dan dapat terlindungi hak-hak dari konsumen. OJK dalam melaksanakan pengawasan terhadap Fintech belum maksimal dan masih terus bermunculan penyelenggran Fintech ilegal.          
Penyelesaian Sengketa Hak Cipta antara Pencipta Lagu dan Penyanyi De Fila Asmara, Callesta Aydelwais; Arifin, Zaenal; Mubarok Anwar, Fahruddin
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023): AUGUST
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v6i2.7499

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to examine the resolution of copyright disputes between Ahmad Dhani and Once Mekel from the perspective of the Copyright Law and legal protection for copyright holders. Copyright infringement of songs by performing cover versions of songs at concerts or musical performances is one of the issues related to copyright violations in Indonesia. Copyright infringement occurs when a singer, without the permission of the song's creator, performs a song at a commercial music concert that violates both moral and economic rights. This research uses a normative juridical method. Based on the research results, it is evident that the legal protection of song copyright holders is accommodated in Law No. 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright. Legal protection for song copyright is an effort to ensure the certainty of fulfilling the rights of copyright holders, both in terms of moral rights and economic rights. Protection of song copyright can be done preventively and repressively. As for the resolution of the dispute between Ahmad Dhani and Once Mekel, it was ultimately resolved through non-litigation dispute resolution through mediation.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji penyelesaian perselisihan hak cipta antara Ahmad Dhani dan Once Mekel tinjauan dari Undang-Undang tentang Hak Cipta dan perlindungan hukum pemegang hak cipta. Pelanggaran hak cipta karya lagu dengan cara menyanyikan ulang lagu di konser atau pentas musik merupakan salah satu topik permasalahan dalam pelanggaran hak cipta di Indonesia. Pelanggaran hak cipta terjadi ketika penyanyi tanpa seizin dari pencipta lagu menyanyikan lagu pada konser musik komersial yang melanggar hak moral dan hak ekonomi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode  yuridis normatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlindungan hukum pemegang hak cipta lagu diakomodir di Undang-Undang No 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta. Perlindungan hukum atas hak cipta lagu merupakan upaya yang menjamin adanya kepastian pemenuhan hak pemegang hak cipta lagu, baik itu berupa hak moral maupun hak ekonomi. Perlindungan hak cipta lagu dapat dilakukan dengan cara preventif dan represif. Mengenai penyelesaian sengketa Ahmad Dhani dan Once Mekel pada akhirnya diselesaikan melalui penyelesaian sengketa non litigasi dengan cara mediasi.  
Pembatalan Perjanjian Jual Beli Tanah Oleh Penjual Karena Pembeli Wanprestasi Sihotang, Amri Panahatan; Sari, Gita Novita; Arifin, Zaenal; Wahyudin, Muhammad Isro
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 6 No. 3 (2023): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v6i3.7502

Abstract

The research aims to find out the process of the seller's implementation cancellation of land because the buyer defaulted, a result of the law seller's cancellation of the land purchase agreement because the buyer defaulted. The research method used in this study is sociological juridical. The results of research on the process of the sale agreement are agreements in which the agreement is valid and has binding power since the agreement between the seller and the buyer has been reached. A buying and selling bond based on contractual validity and other treaty principles. Many of the cases involved promises to pay for the sale, but they were too late. An agreement can be nullified for the sake of the law (van rechtswege neiting) or cancelable (vernietigbaar), if an agreement does not meet the requirements specified in Article 1320 of the Civil Code, if subjective conditions are not met (they agreed to bind themselves, to make a covenant) and objective conditions (a certain thing, a lawful cause). As a result of the law against the buyer when he breaks his promise, the buyer is required to pay for the loss that the seller has suffered, pay the costs of the case when it is brought before the court, and fulfill the agreement if it continues. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses pelaksanaan pembatalan jual beli tanah oleh penjual karena pembeli wanprestasi, akibat hukum pembatalan perjanjian jual beli tanah oleh penjual karena pembeli wanprestasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis sosiologis. Hasil penelitian proses erjanjian jual beli merupakan perjanjian dimana perjanjian itu sah dan memiliki kekuatan mengikat sejak tercapainya kata sepakat antara penjual dan pembeli. Pengikatan jual beli mendasarkan pada keabsahan berkontrak dan asas-asas perjanjian lainnya. Banyak kasus yang terjadi tersebut berisikan janji-janji untuk melakukan pembayaran pembayaran jual beli, akan tetapi terlambat. Suatu perjanjian dapat batal demi hukum (van rechtswege neiting) atau dapat dibatalkan (vernietigbaar), apabila suatu perjanjian tidak memenuhi persyaratan yang telah ditentukan pada Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata, yaitu apabila tidak memenuhi syarat subjektif (sepakat mereka mengikat dirinya, cakap untuk berbuat sesuatu perjanjian) dan syarat objektif (suatu hal tertentu, suatu sebab yang halal). Akibat hukum yang timbul terhadap pembeli apabila wanprestasi, pembeli diharuskan membayar ganti kerugian yang telah diderita oleh penjual, membayar biaya perkara apabila diperkarakan di pengadilan, dan memenuhi perjanjian jika masih dilanjutkan. 
Keabsahan Risalah Lelang Atas Objek Lelang Yang Tidak Dapat Dibalik Nama Junaidi, Muhammad; Wibowo, Tri; Ratna Sediati, Diah Sulistyani; Arifin, Zaenal; Soegianto, Soegianto
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 6 No. 3 (2023): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v6i3.7916

Abstract

The study aims to analyze the validity of the auction bulletin and the constraints and solutions made by the Office of Auctions on the object of the auction that cannot be renamed. The process of execution of the auction has been regulated in this way by various laws and regulations. In practice, there are some cases where the auction object cannot be renamed, even though the auctions have been carried out in accordance with the conditions and have been made by the Auction Office. The type of research used in this investigation is normative jurisprudence with a method of legislative approach. As a result, in the event that there is an auction object that cannot be named after, it does not immediately result in the following auction process: The auction notice made by the auction office becomes invalid. For example, the case in the decision of the Central Java High Court No. 161/PDT/2016/PT.SMG dated July 15, 2016. The Supreme Court's judgment recognizes the validity of the Auction, although the judgement leads to legal uncertainty for the auction vendor and KPKNL Semarang. In order to establish the basis of legal certainty and the foundation of justice for the seller and KPKNL Semarang, it is recommended to file a lawsuit and settlement to the state court to ensure the status and legal status of the post auction process that has taken place. The novelty of this research is the study of the Auction Records on an auction object that cannot be renamed.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keabsahan Risalah Lelang beserta kendala dan solusinya yang dibuat oleh Pejabat Lelang atas objek lelang yang tidak dapat dibalik nama. Proses pelaksanaan lelang telah diatur sedemikian rupa dalam berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan. Begitu juga dengan proses balik nama atas objek lelang, telah diatur dalam peraturan perundangan dengan jelas. Dalam praktiknya, terdapat beberapa kasus bahwa objek lelang tidak dapat dibalik nama meskipun lelang telah dilaksanakan sesuai ketentuan dan telah dibuat Risalah Lelang oleh Pejabat Lelang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitiaan ini adalah yuridis normatif dengan metode pendekatan perundang-undangan. Hasilnya, dalam hal terdapat objek lelang yang tidak dapat dibalik nama, tidak serta merta mengakibatkan proses lelang berikut Risalah Lelang yang dibuat oleh Pejabat Lelang menjadi batal dan tidak sah. Sebagai contoh, kasus dalam putusan Pengadilan Tinggi Jawa Tengah Nomor 161/PDT/2016/PT.SMG tanggal 15 Juli 2016. Dari putusan pengadilan tinggi tersebut keabsahan Risalah Lelang tetap diakui, meskipun dengan adanya putusan tersebut mengakibatkan adanya ketidakpastian hukum bagi penjual lelang dan KPKNL Semarang. Guna mewujudkan asas kepastian hukum dan asas keadilan bagi penjual dan KPKNL Semarang, disarankan untuk mengajukan gugatan dan penetapan kepada pengadilan negeri untuk memastikan kedudukan dan status hukum atas proses pasca lelang yang telah terjadi. Kebaruan penelitian ini yaitu kajian tentang Risalah Lelang atas objek lelang yang tidak dapat dibalik nama.       
Optimalisasi Pelaksanaan Pidana Mati Dalam Mewujudkan Efek Jera Pada Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan Berencana Rahadjo Puro, Djuhandhani; Sudarmanto, Kukuh; Arifin, Zaenal
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 6 No. 3 (2023): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v6i3.7945

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to examine the implementation of the death penalty and the commutation of death sentences for premeditated murder cases. The urgency of this research lies in how the application of the death penalty in proven premeditated murder cases may fail to ensure legal justice for the victims. This type of research adopts a socio-legal research approach. The legal framework for the application of the death penalty in Indonesia is governed by Article 10 and Article 11 of the Criminal Code (KUH Pidana). In the case of premeditated murder of S and her child MF, the defendant D was ultimately sentenced to life imprisonment. Defendant D was charged under Article 340 of the KUHP (Criminal Code), Article 80 in conjunction with 76c of Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning child protection in Indonesia. The imposition of the death penalty for premeditated murder cases is rarely decided by judges. In their judgments, judges often opt for life imprisonment or a 20-year prison sentence. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji pengaturan pelaksanaan hukuman mati dan pemutusan hukuman mati terhadap pembunuhan berencana. Urgensi penelitian ini adalah bagaimana penerapan hukuman mati pada kasus pembunuhan berencana terbukti kurang mampu menjamin keadilan hukum bagi korban. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis sosiologis. Kerangka hukum penerapan hukuman mati di Indonesia diatur dalam Pasal 10 dan Pasal 11 KUH Pidana. Untuk kasus pembunuhan berencana terhadap S dan anaknya MF pada akhirnya terdakwa D dijatuhi hukumam pidana seumur hidup. Terdakwa D dikenai Pasal 340 KUHP, Pasal 80 juncto 76c UU RI Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang perlindungan anak. Penerapan hukuman mati pada tindak pidana pembunuhan berencana jarang diputuskan oleh hakim. Dalam putusannya Hakim menggunakan pidana seumur hidup atau hukuman penjara 20 tahun.    
Kedudukan Hukum Perjanjian Pengadaan Barang/Jasa Yang Belum Ditanda Tangani Salah Satu Pihak Wulandari, Rahajeng; Sudarmanto, Kukuh; Junaidi, Muhammad; Arifin, Zaenal
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 6 No. 3 (2023): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v6i3.8000

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to analyze the legal position of the contract of procurement of goods and services that has not been signed by one of the parties by raising a case study based on the cooperation agreement between PT TJB Power Services PLTU Unit 1-2 and PT PLN (Persero) Unit of Manufacture of Tanjung Jati B. This research uses a method of normative jurisprudence approach. The result of this study is an agreement on the procurement of goods and services that has not been signed by one of the parties in PT TJB Power Services has not yet been able to provide legal certainty and justice for the parties. The agreement between PT TjB Power Service and PT PLN (Persero) Unit of Mother Manufacturing Tanjung Jati B must be signed as a form of agreement of the sides. The urgency of this research is that in any agreement must be agreed by the parties, it becomes one of the legal conditions of the agreement as regulated in Article 1320 of the Covenant. The contract of procurement of goods and services between PT TJB Power Services and PT PLN (Persero) Master Unit of Manufacture of Tanjung Jati B must be signed as a form of agreement between the parties. The agreement of proceeding of Goods and Services which has not been signed by one of the parties must be made on the basis of the agreement with the parties with the existence of the legal basis and agreed by the parties in writing as an executable form of the contract for the provision of good and services and legally binding to the party. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis kedudukan hukum perjanjian pengadaan barang/jasa yang belum ditandatangani salah satu pihak dengan mengangkat studi kasus berdasarkan perjanjian kerjasama antara PT TJB Power Services PLTU Unit 1-2 dengan PT PLN (Persero) Unit Induk Pembangkitan Tanjung Jati B. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif. Urgensi penelitian ini adalah dalam setiap perjanjian harus disepakati oleh para pihak, hal tersebut menjadi salah satu syarat sahnya perjanjian sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 1320 KUHP. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah perjanjian pengadaan barang/jasa yang belum ditandatangani salah satu pihak di PT TJB Power Services belum dapat memberikan kepastian hukum dan keadilan hukum bagi para pihak. Perjanjian pengadaan barang/jasa antara PT TJB Power Services dengan PT PLN (Persero) Unit Induk Pembangkitan Tanjung Jati B harus ditandatangani sebagai bentuk kesepakatan para pihak.  Perjanjian pengadaan barang/jasa yang belum ditandatangani salah satu pihak harus dibuat berdasarkan kesepakatan para pihak dengan adanya dasar hukum dan disepakati para pihak secara tertulis sebagai bentuk dapat dilaksanakannya perjanjian pengadaan barang/jasa dan mengikat secara sah kepada para pihak.    
Praktik Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat dalam Pengadaan Barang/Jasa Pemerintah di Sektor Jasa Konstruksi Arifin, Zaenal; Amirullah, Muhammad; Nugroho, Tri
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): AUGUST
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v7i2.8368

Abstract

The aim of this study is to study the regulation of unfair business competition in government goods/services combination (PBJ) and study the consideration of the Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha (KPPU) in resolving the issue of unfair business competition construction Mandala Krida Stadium. Infrastructure development is a way of turning the wheel of society's economy. Increasing infrastructure development needs have prompted the government to create a framework for attracting private investment and participation in infrastructure projects. that the construction services sector is key in infrastructure development, which directly affects economic growth. Unfair business competition can hinder the development of quality and efficient infrastructure.  The type of research used is the juridic normative. The result of this study is that the PBJ Competition Act has provided a sufficient basis for regulating and monitoring the competition of enterprises in the PBJ sector. To more ideal conditions, improvements are needed in terms of implementation and law enforcement. Strengthening inter-agency coordination, enhancing the competence of entrepreneurs, and improving supervisory capabilities, as well as the more effective use of technology can help create a healthier and fairer competitive climate in the PBJ in Indonesia. KPPU established that there has been a violation of Article 22 of the Business Competition Act. KPPU decided to grant administrative sanctions to the entrepreneurs involved, including fines and prohibition from participating in the PBJ for a certain period of time. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengkaji pengaturan persaingan usaha tidak sehat dalam pengadan barang/jasa pemerintah (PBJ) dan mengkaji pertimbangan Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha (KPPU) dalam memutus perkara persaingan usaha tidak sehat pembangunan Stadion Mandala Krida. Pembangunan infrastruktur adalah cara untuk memutar roda ekonomi masyarakat. Meningkatnya kebutuhan pembangunan infrastruktur mendorong pemerintah membuat kerangka kerja untuk menarik investasi dan partisipasi swasta dalam proyek-proyek infrastruktur salah satu contoh yaitu pengadaan tender pembangunan. bahwa sektor jasa konstruksi adalah kunci dalam pembangunan infrastruktur, yang secara langsung mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi. Ketidakadilan dalam persaingan usaha dapat menghambat pembangunan infrastruktur yang berkualitas dan efisien.  Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah UU Persaingan Usaha dan Perpres PBJ telah memberikan dasar yang cukup untuk mengatur dan mengawasi persaingan usaha di sektor PBJ. Untuk mencapai kondisi yang lebih ideal, diperlukan peningkatan dalam hal implementasi dan penegakan hukum. Penguatan koordinasi antar lembaga, peningkatan kompetensi pelaku usaha, peningkatan kapabilitas pengawasan, serta pemanfaatan teknologi yang lebih efektif dapat membantu menciptakan iklim persaingan yang lebih sehat dan adil dalam PBJ di Indonesia. KPPU menetapkan bahwa telah terjadi pelanggaran Pasal 22 UU Persaingan Usaha. KPPU memutuskan untuk memberikan sanksi administratif kepada para pelaku usaha yang terlibat, termasuk denda dan larangan berpartisipasi dalam PBJ untuk jangka waktu tertentu.  
Upaya Penanggulangan Tindak Pidana Terorisme Dalam Perspektif Kriminologi Nahdhodin, Muhammad; Sudarmanto, Kukuh; Triwati, Ani; Arifin, Zaenal
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): APRIL
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v7i1.8791

Abstract

The study aims to examine attempts to counter-terrorism from a criminological perspective. This research is important given that terrorist crime is a global threat that affects countries and communities, with potentially negative effects, both physically and psychologically. The novelty of this research is in an attempt to counteract terrorist crime with a criminological perspective that uses local "jogo tonggo" wisdom. This research is a sociological jurisprudence.  The results of the research showed efforts to combat terrorist crime from a criminological perspective: character identification and funding, national preparedness, counter-radicalization, deradicalization, and radical anticipation of terrorism in Lapas. Control the fight against terrorism in Java Among other things, there is still a radical Napiter, the rise of gotong royong values, society tolerant of terrorists, legal sanctions of educational institutions, and charity of weak terrorist groups. Overcome the obstacles in combating terrorist crime requires a structured and adaptive strategy to strengthen intelligence networks by improving surveillance technology and enhancing cross-country cooperation for the exchange of information, training, and monitoring of former Napiter through a religious building, tolerance, national insight involving Islamic religious figures, implementation of jogo tonggo programs, acceleration of regional action plans for prevention and combating extremism leading to violence, and economic empowerment..Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji upaya penanggulangan tindak pidana terorisme perspektif kriminologi.  Penelitian ini penting mengingat tindak pidana terorisme merupakan ancaman global yang merambah berbagai negara dan masyarakat, dengan potensi dampak yang sangat merugikan, baik secara fisik maupun psikologis. Penelitian ini penting mengingat tindak pidana terorisme merupakan ancaman global yang merambah berbagai negara dan masyarakat, dengan potensi dampak yang sangat merugikan, baik secara fisik maupun psikologis. Kebaruan penelitian ini adalah dalam upaya penanggulangan tindak pidana terorisme dengan perspektif kriminologi yang menggunakan kearifan lokal "jogo tonggo". Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis sosiologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan upaya penanggulangan tindak pidana terorisme perspektif kriminologi: identifikasi karakter dan pendanaan, kesiapsiagaan nasional, kontra radikalisasi, deradikalisasi, antisipasi radikal terorisme di Lapas. Kendalah penanggulangan terorisme di Jawa Tengan antara lain masih adanya Napiter yang radikal, lunturnya nilai gotong royong, masyarakat permisif kepada teroris, sanksi hukum lembaga pendidikan dan amal kelompok teroris lemah. Dalam mengatasi kendala dalam penanggulangan tindak pidana terorisme membutuhkan strategi yang terstruktur dan adaptif memperkuat jaringan intelijen dengan memperbaiki teknologi pengawasan dan meningkatkan kerjasama lintas negara untuk pertukaran informasi, pembinaan dan monitoring mantan Napiter melalui pembinaan agama, toleransi, wawasan kebangsaan melibatkan tokoh agama Islam, implementasi program jogo tonggo, percepatan rencana aksi daerah pencegahan dan penanggulangan ekstremisme yang mengarah pada kekerasan, dan pemberdayaan ekonomi.  
Transforming Amicus Curiae Through an Experimental Jurisprudence Framework in Judicial Decision-Making Susilo, Erwin; Sujatmiko, Bagus; Arifin, Zaenal
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12689

Abstract

This study examines the contemporary role of amicus curiae in strengthening judicial reasoning through the integration of the Experimental Jurisprudence (X-Jur) framework within the Indonesian legal system. The research addresses the absence of explicit regulations governing amicus curiae despite its increasing use in high-profile cases, creating inconsistencies in judicial treatment and undermining normative clarity. Using a normative legal method complemented by statutory, conceptual, comparative, and case approaches, this study analyzes the doctrinal position of amicus curiae and evaluates its potential as an epistemic instrument that enriches judicial deliberations with empirical, psychological, and social perspectives. The findings demonstrate that amicus curiae provides valuable epistemic input that enhances judicial reflection; however, its current acceptance remains discretionary and fragmented due to the lack of procedural guidelines. The integration of X-Jur reveals a strong empirical connection between public perceptions of justice and judicial reasoning, offering a data-driven foundation for improving the legitimacy and social responsiveness of court decisions. The novelty of this research lies in conceptualizing amicus curiae as a methodological bridge between normative doctrine and empirical cognition, and in proposing a regulatory model—through a Supreme Court Regulation—that institutionalizes amicus curiae as a formal mechanism within Indonesia’s civil law tradition. This framework is essential for strengthening transparency, judicial reflectiveness, and the pursuit of substantive justice in modern adjudication.  
The influence of the Business Judgment Rule on the accountability of the Board of Directors for their errors or negligence based on Eisenberg's theory of Director's Accountability Miftah Arifin; Zaenal Arifin
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 23 No. 1 (2024): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v23i1.4208

Abstract

In the business world, the Business Judgment Rule (BJR) is a legal principle that provides protection to directors when making risky business decisions, as long as those decisions are made in good faith, with sufficient care, and without personal interest. Although BJR is not explicitly regulated in Indonesian law, this principle is reflected in the Limited Liability Company Law and considered in the theory of director liability proposed by Melvin Aron Eisenberg. The purpose of this research is to analyze the application of the Business Judgment Rule principle in Indonesian corporate law to protect directors from liability for their mistakes or negligence, and to evaluate its influence on Eisenberg's theory of director liability. This study uses a normative legal research method that examines legal norms to analyze and interpret legal provisions related to the application of the Business Judgment Rule and director liability in Indonesia, as well as examining the influence of Eisenberg's theory on that doctrine. A conceptual approach is used to study the concept of the Business Judgment Rule and Eisenberg's theory of director liability in depth. The research results show that the Limited Liability Company Law in Indonesia regulates the application of the Business Judgment Rule (BJR), which provides protection to directors from liability for risky business decisions as long as they meet the requirements of good faith, due care, no conflict of interest, and efforts to prevent loss. However, BJR protection is not absolute, and directors can be held accountable if they violate corporate governance principles. Melvin A. Eisenberg's theory of director liability provides clearer boundaries, where directors can lose BJR protection if they violate the duty of care, duty of loyalty, duty of good faith, and duty of candor, making them accountable for their mistakes or negligence in business decision-making.
Co-Authors Abidin Abidin Ahmad Samudra Akbar Panggabean, Windro Albertus Heru Nuswanto Amirullah, Muhammad Anam, Muhammad Ani Triwati Bambang Sadono Basoeki, Herwin Haryadi Bawono Sekti, Luluk Tirto Cahyani, Fenny Casnoyo Casnoyo Cita Tsaabiethah Agustria Sasti Dadi, Mat Diah Sulistyani Diah Sulistyani Ratna Sediati, Diah Sulistyani Endah Pujiastuti Fristianti, Nadya Dhea Haq, Muhammad Fakhrul Hendristianto, Reiska Henry Januar Saputra Hugeng Purnama, Shonia Ilmi, Musfiratul Irfatul Chasanah Junaidi, Muhamad Kristi Warista Simanjuntak Kukuh Sudarmanto Kuswardani Kuswardani Laksana, Nabila Setya Lestari, Rohmini Indah Lubab, Ali Mac Thi Hoai Thuong Manurung, Mangaraja Maulana, Muhammad Arif Meidianto, Gunawan Miftah Arifin Miftah Arifin Miftah Arifin Misbakhul Munir Mubarok Anwar, Fahruddin Muhammad Iqbal Muhammad Junaidi Muhammad Junaidi Muhammad Junaidi Muhammad Nawir Mulyanto, Wiwit Nababan, Agung Kristyanto Nahdhodin, Muhammad Nikmatul Wachidah Nur Aisah Nur, Fahroni Nurkholis Nurkholis Nursalam Nursalam Panahatan Sihotang, Amri Prabasiwi, Alberta Ira Pramana, Setiya Prasetiono, Yogi Prasetyo, Muhammad Agus Prasetyorini, Theresia Eni Puteri, Rizqi Purnama Putrisetia, Difa Ayu R.S. Rakia, A. Sakti Rahadjo Puro, Djuhandhani Rati Riana Rezza Aldi Ferdiansa Rian Ardiansyah, Maruf Rizal, Arief RS, Diah Sulistyani Saifudin Saifudin Sani Pratiwi, Alya Saputra, Dimas Almeida Sari, Gita Novita Sa’ro Fitriani A. Rohma Setyawati, Dewi Sihotang, Amri Panahatan Sindoro, Cristhananta Sipahutar, Apul Oloan Siti Fatimah Siyogo, Siyogo Soegianto Soegianto Soegianto Soegianto Soegianto, Soegianto Sofyan, Syafran Subiadi, Rilda Sudarmanto, Kukuh Sujatmiko, Bagus sukarna, kadi Sukarna, Kadi Sukrisno, Wijayono Hadi Sulistyani Ratna Sediati, Diah Sulistyani, Diah Supriyadi Supriyadi Supriyanto Supriyanto Susilo, Erwin Susilo, Hendri Tanggono, Claustantianus Wibisono Tatara, Tirsa Tri Nugroho Tri Wibowo Triwati, Ani Triwiraputra, Ega Laksmana Wahyu Mahendra Wahyu Nugroho Wahyudin, Muhammad Isro Wibisono, Dedi Indra Widyasari Rifki, Ika Wijayono Hadi Sukrisno Wiwin Setyorini Wulandari, Rahajeng Zaenal Arifin