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Jamu Pelangsing Galian Singset Bermanfaat Sebagai Antiobesitas dan Antilipidemia pada Tikus (JAMU GALIAN SINGSET USEFUL AS AN ANTIOBESITY AND ANTILIPIDAEMIA IN RATS) Ice Lusia Marta; Huda Shalahudin Darusman; Damiana Rita Ekastuti
Jurnal Veteriner Vol 20 No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University and Published in collaboration with the Indonesia Veterinarian Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (115.889 KB) | DOI: 10.19087/jveteriner.2019.20.2.255

Abstract

Obesity and dyslipidemia are health problems that can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study aims to analyze the potency of antiobesitas and antidislipidemia of jamu galian singset (JGS). The research method used complete randomized design with 8 treatment groups and 4 replications as follows: P1 (Standard Feed + Aquadest), P2 (Standard Feed + 200 mg Orlistat / kg BW), P3 (Standard Feed + 176,4mg JGS / 200g BW) P4 (Standard Feed + 352,8mg JGS / 200 g BW), P5 (High Fat Feed + Aquadest), P6 (High Fat Feed + 200 mg Orlistat / kg BW), P7 (High Fat Feed + 176,4 mg JGS / 200 g BW) and P8 (High Fat Feed + 352,8 mg JGS / 200 g BW). The parameters observed were feed intake, body weight gain, body weight gain ratio, fat intake, fat absorption, fat digestibility, feces fat, abdominal fat, muscle fat, body weight, body fat percentage and lipid profile, include Cholesterol total (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL and LDL. The results showed that JGS significantly (P <0,05) decreased the body weight gain of the rat, the ratio of body weight gain per feed intake and the weight of abdominal fat. Giving JGS increases the absorption of fat, but not found high fat in the feces. Jamu galian singset has no effect (P> 0.05) on rat lipid profile. Baced on the results of this study it can be concluded that JGS can be used as antiobesity and more effectively decrease body weight gain on high fat diet than standard feeding diet. Jamu galian singset are suspected to have a different working mechanism with orlistat as antiobesitas.
NILAI NORMAL ELEKTROKARDIOGRAM, FREKUENSI JANTUNG, RESPIRASI DAN SUHU TUBUH DUGONG DUGON NORMAL VALUES OF ELECTROCARDIOGRAM, HEART RATE, RESPIRATION RATE AND BODY TEMPERATURE OF DUGONG DUGON Agik Suprayogi; Sumitro -; Linda Tjhin; Rika Sudranto; Huda Salahudin Darusman
Jurnal Veteriner Vol 8 No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University and Published in collaboration with the Indonesia Veterinarian Association

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Abstract

Dugong dugon yang merupakan mamalia laut, terdaftar sebagai spesies langka yang dilindungi. Sampai saat ini, belum banyak laporan yang tersedia tentang nilai fisiologis normal dari mamalia ini, sehingga menyulitkan dokter hewan dalam memeriksa dan mendiagnosis penyakit pada hewan ini. Oleh karena itu dilakukan studi tentang nilai normal elektrokardiogram (EKG), frekuensi jantung, respirasi, dan suhu tubuh dari seekor Dugong dugon dengan menggunakan alat pemantau pasien (Patient monitor). Parameter yang diukur adalah frekuensi jantung, respirasi, suhu tubuh, dan nilai EKG: gelombang P, komplek QRS, interval PR, interval QT, dan mean electricity axis (MEA). Hasil perekaman menunjukkan bahwa nilai normal frekuensi jantung, respirasi dan suhu tubuh berturut-turut adalah (45,73+4,10) denyut/menit, (10,11+3,44) inspirasi/menit, dan (31,42+0,41)0C. Tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata antara nilai EKG normal pada hantaran I (dada kanan) dan hantaran II. Sementara itu, pada hantaran III menunjukkan nilai voltase yang isoelektris (0 mV). Pada Lead II, gelombang P menunjukkan durasi (0,05+0,02) detik dengan voltase (0,03+0,01) mV, gelombang R menunjukkan voltase (0,07+0,02) mv dengan durasi QRS komplek (0,06+0,01) detik, interval PR (0,26+0,01) detik, interval QT (0,21+0,11) detik, axis jantung (MEA: +90 sampai -135 ) condong ke kanan, dengan irama jantung reguler. Nilai normal Dugong dugon ini menunjukkan karakteristik yang spesifik dibanding nilai normal pada anjing, hal ini mungkin karena adana perbedaan ekologis, struktur anatomi, dan ketebalan dinding thoraks pada kedua hewan tersebut.
SEKUENSING GEN MCR-1 DARI ESCHERICHIA COLI DAN SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS RESISTAN KOLISTIN Maria Fatima Palupi; Ernes Andhesfa; Hera Maheshwari; Huda Salahuddin Darusman; Etih Sudarnika; I Wayan Teguh Wibawan
Jurnal Veteriner Vol 21 No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University and Published in collaboration with the Indonesia Veterinarian Association

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Abstract

Gen mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) merupakan gen resistan kolistin sulfat yang bisa dipindahkan melalui materi genetik bergerak misalnya plasmid. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui jenis plasmid gen mcr-1 yang berhasil dipindahkan dari satu isolat Escherichia coli resistan kolistin ke Salmonella Enteritidis ATCC 13076 (dua isolat), dan satu isolat E. coli O157:H7 resistan kolistin positif gen mcr-1. Sekuensing gen mcr-1 kemudian dianalisis di unit Biotek Balai Besar Pengujian Mutu dan Sertifikasi Obat Hewan dengan menggunakan basic local alignment search tools (BLAST) dan software MEGA7. Hasil sekuensing gen mcr-1 dengan panjang nukleotida 309 memiliki homologi tinggi dengan data referen dari Genbank pada gen mcr-1 yang terdapat dalam plasmid. Hasil sekuensing DNA gen mcr-1 sampel lebih cenderung termasuk pada tipe plasmid IncI2 atau IncHI2. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa resistansi kolistin merupakan ancaman yang nyata karena gen resistan mcr-1 yang ada di Indonesia benar berada di plasmid sehingga mudah disebarkan ke bakteri lain. Kata kunci: mcr-1, plasmid, resistansi ABSTRACT The mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) gene is a colistin sulfate resistance gene that can be transferred through mobile genetic material such as plasmids. The purpose of this study was to determine the type of plasmid mcr-1 gene that was successfully transferred from an isolate of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli to Salmonella Enteritidis ATCC 13076 (two isolates), and one colistin-resistant E. coli O157: H7 that positive mcr-1 gene. The sequencing of the mcr-1 gene was then analyzed in the Biotek unit at National Veterinary Drug Assay Laboratory using basic local alignment search tools (BLAST) and MEGA7 software. The sequencing of the mcr-1 gene with nucleotide length 309 has a high homology with the reference data from Genbank on the mcr-1 gene contained in the plasmid. DNA sequencing of mcr-1 gene samples is more likely to belong to the IncI2 or IncHI2 plasmid types. This shows that colistine resistance is a real threat because the mcr-1 resistance gene in Indonesia is actually in the plasmid so it is easily spread to other bacteria. Keywords: mcr-1, plasmid, resistance
Studi Karakteristik Tipe Diabetes pada Tikus (Rattus novergicus) yang Diinduksi Deksametason (CHARACTERISTIC STUDY OF THE TYPE OF DIABETES IN RAT (RATTUS NOVERGICUS) MODEL INDUCED BY DEXAMETHASONE) Rahmania Hanim; Huda Shalahudin Darusman; Min Rahminiwati
Jurnal Veteriner Vol 19 No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University and Published in collaboration with the Indonesia Veterinarian Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (186.21 KB) | DOI: 10.19087/jveteriner.2018.19.1.1

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Diabetes is marked by hyperglicemia with severe symptoms included polydipsi, polyuri, polyphagia,weight loss, and decreased of insulin sensitivity index specially at type 2 diabetes mellitus. The objective of this research was to analyze the characteristics of diabetes mellitus in rat (Rattus novergicus) which induced by dexamethason. A total of 24 rats were divided into four groups which divided as follow: (1) aquabidest subcutaneously (K0), (2) subcutaneous dexamethasone 1 mg/kgBW daily (K1), (3) subcutaneous dexamethasone 2.5 mg/kgBW daily (K2) and subcutaneous dexamethasone 5 mg/kgBW daily (K3). The data of fasting blood glucose, fasting blood insulin, body weight and feed intake, urine volume and water intake collected at day 0, 5, 10 and 15 (five days after the last treatment). The result showed that there was a significant elevation of glucose level followed by significant decreased of insulin sensitivity index and the body weight of rats in group wich induced by dexamethasone but there was no change in feed intake, water intake, volume of urine and fasting blood insulin before and after the treatment. There was insignificant different of total beta pancreatic islet between treatment and control grup. Induction of dexamethasone in mice causes reversible hyperglycemia and has not met the characterisics of either type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus models. The profile of dexamethasone induced diabetes model has their own spesific type.
Refinement of methodology and deep computational analysis of the thermal images for better estimates of pregnancy diagnosis in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) Huda Shalahudin Darusman; Sony Hartono Wijaya; Ahmad Kamal Nasution; Entang Iskandar; Dondin Sajuthi
Jurnal Veteriner Vol 22 No 4 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University and Published in collaboration with the Indonesia Veterinarian Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (164.191 KB) | DOI: 10.19087/jveteriner.2021.22.4.467

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The current use of thermal imaging has been documented in wild animals due to the benefit for having real-time results with less or almost no restrain or invasive methods required - and this is significant for better well-being. This paper will explore the thermal imaging studies as a part of employing non-invasive methods in evaluating physiological function, in particular with refinement of the methods, followed by further computational analysis of the images to ensure the validity of the methods as predictive tools for pregnancy diagnosis. We conducted refinements in thermal imaging methods and computational analysis of deep learning for pregnancy diagnosis of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) at breeding facility of The Primate Research Center, LPPM IPB University. Subjects were already identified by ultrasound as pregnant in 80, 120 and 130 days. Thermal images along with the temperature data were obtained from FLIR ONE camera in sedated animals with dorso-ventral recumbence. The temperature data were analyzed with linear regression to correlate the skin temperature and the days of pregnancy to make a prediction of pregnancy days based on temperature data. There is a positive correlation of the temperature to the pregnancy days with a function of temperature to days. Further computational analysis of the thermal image, the results showed that the refined methods and the computational analysis brought better interpretation to evaluate health and reproductive status, in particular with the pregnancy diagnosis.
Gambaran Leukosit Setelah Pemberian Nanoenkapsulasi Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) pada Burung Puyuh Pascainduksi Imunosupresan Deksametason Rasyida Ulfa; Akhiruddin Maddu; Huda Salahuddin Darusman; Koekoeh Santoso
Jurnal Veteriner Vol 21 No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University and Published in collaboration with the Indonesia Veterinarian Association

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Abstract

The use of AGP (Antibiotic Growth Promoter) in animal has been banned because of the risk of antibiotic resistance. As an alternative for growth promoter. Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) were used as feed additives. Andaliman is an herbal plant which proven has an immunomodulatory effect. However, herbal plants have low bioavailability in the body, so we need to increase its bioavaibility by reducing particle size using nanoparticle technology. The aim of our study was to determine the effects of three forms of andaliman as extracts, nanoparticles and nanoencapsulation on leukocyte differential, leukocyte count and Heterophil (H) / Lymphocyte.(L) ratio index. In this study we used 24 quails, which is divided into 4 groups, consist of.4 birds each. Group K was control group, birds were given dexamethasone (immunosuppressant), group P1 was given dexamethasone and andaliman extract, group P2 was given dexamethasone and andaliman nanoparticles, whilst group P3 was given dexamethasone and andaliman nanoencapsulation. The results showed that andaliman consumption had a significant effect (P <0.05) on differential leukocytes, number of leukocytes and H / L ratio after induction with immunosuppressants. Total leucocytes count based on the given treatment were K (8080 cell/mm3), P1 (20040 cell/mm3), P2 (20440 cell/mm3), and P3 (22040 cell/mm3). Each mean lymphocytes were K (44,6%), P1 (53,6%), P2(57,4%), and P3 (65,8%). Each mean heterophile were K (50,6%), P1 (41,8%), P2 (37,8%), and P3 (28,6%). Each mean monocytes were K (2,8%), P1 (4,6%), P2(4,8%), and P3 (5,0%). Each mean ratio index Heterophile (H) / Lymphocyte.(L) were K (1,1), P1 (0,7), P2(0,6), and P3 (0,5). It could be concluded that administration of Andaliman extract, Andaliman nanoparticles and Andaliman nanoencapsulation can increase the number of leukocytes, differential leukocytes and decrease the H / L ratio.
Teknik Penanganan Kendali Hewan Sesuai Kaidah Kesejahteraan Hewan Meningkatkan Akurasi Pengukuran Profil Hemodinamika Tikus Laboratorium Huda Shalahudin Darusman; Setyo Widi Nugroho; Fauzi Abdurrahman Munggaran; Dondin Sajuthi
Jurnal Veteriner Vol 19 No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University and Published in collaboration with the Indonesia Veterinarian Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (139.027 KB) | DOI: 10.19087/jveteriner.2018.19.2.208

Abstract

Chronic discomfort potentially occurred during a hemodynamic measurements in a rat-tail blood pressure chamber due to the animal is restrained in restricted space for a long period – it took 10 repetitions each at approximately 1.5 minutes for a session of hemodynamic measure. Procedures related to the animal welfare methods are required to improve the accuracy of the measurement which would altered from the discomfort to comfort state of the animal. Welfare procedures are represented by humane handling and habituation of the subject (rats) to the operator and the hemodynamic apparatus. Seven rats were subjected in this study and measured for hemodynamic value in three times point: before (T0), after humane handling (T1) and after human handling and habituation to the measurement apparatus (T2), respectively. Six out of seven subjects showed a significant lowering deviation for all variables of hemodynamic measurements, and that deviation followed by a declining trend from T0 to T2, i.e T0>T1>T2. The results indicated that welfare-based approach would benefit the animals from feeling discomfort and yet improving the accuracy and quality of the outcomes.
PREVALENCE OF mcr-1 COLISTIN RESISTANT GENE IN Escherichia coli ALONG THE BROILER MEAT SUPPLY CHAIN IN INDONESIA Maria Fatima Palupi; I Wayan Teguh Wibawan; Etih Sudarnika; Hera Maheshwari; Huda Shalahudin Darusman
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 26 No. 2 (2019)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2019.26.2.1054

Abstract

Colistin is the last drug choice for dealing with the carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae bacteria; hence, this drug is very crucial to human health. The discovery of a plasmid-mediated colistin-resistant gene, the mobilized colistin resistance-1 (mcr-1), signals a significant global health threat. Colistin sulfate is an antimicrobial agent which has been approved for use in broilers in Indonesia. Thus, this study aimed to measure the prevalence of colistin-resistant E. coli and to detect the mcr-1 colistin-resistant gene in E. coli, and E. coli O157:H7 in the entire supply chain of broilers in Bogor Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. Samples were taken from 47 flocks that used colistin sulfate (47 samples of cloacal swabs, 47 samples of drinking water, and 47 samples of litters), seventy fresh meat samples and seven samples plucker swabs from seven small-scale poultry slaughterhouses, seventy fresh meat samples from seven traditional markets, and seventy cooked meat samples from seven small restaurants. The isolation of E. coli was done on each of the 358 samples, and 493 isolates were obtained. All the E. coli isolates were then tested for their susceptibility to colistin sulfate by using the agar dilution method. The detection of the mcr-1 gene from the colistin-resistant isolates (minimum inhibitory concentration > 2 µg/mL) was conducted using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalence value of colistin-resistant E. coli in all the isolates was at 11.76% (CI 95%; CL 9.21–14.91%), and the prevalence of mcr-1 gene was at 10.55% CI 95%; CL 8.13–13.57%).  A very good agreement correlation existed between the colistin-resistant phenotype and the mcr-1 gene (ĸ = 0.939). The mcr-1 gene was found in 89.66% colistin-resistant E. coli isolates. The two colistin-resistant and mcr-1 carrying gene isolates were identified as E. coli O157:H7 serotype. This research was the first study attempt on the mcr-1 gene in Indonesia, covering the entire supply chain of broiler meat from farms to consumers. The results indicated the necessity to reduce the use of colistin sulfate in broiler management and to improve biosecurity measures, not only in farms but also in the entire supply chain of broiler meat production.
Edible Bird’s Nest Extract Reduced Expression of Senescence Markers in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Lina Elfita; Ietje Wientarsih; Dondin Sajuthi; Indra Bachtiar; Huda Shalahudin Darusman
Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis Vol 8, No 1 (2021): J Sains Farm Klin 8(1), April 2021
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1568.937 KB) | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.8.1.19-26.2021

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Edible bird’s nest (EBN) is often consumed as a health food due to its suggested health benefits, including anti-aging effects, however the mechanism is still unknown. This study investigated the effect of EBN extract using long term expansion bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) as an aging model. Passage 5 (P5) and passage 8 (P8) BMMSCs were treated with EBN extract, and their proliferation, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity, and expression of p16INK4a were analyzed. Treatment of BMMSCs with EBN extract decreased population doubling time (PDT) in P5 but not in P8 BMMSCs. In P5 BMMSCs, 200 ppm EBN extract increased BMMSCs proliferation, with PDT reduced by 27.6%. However, 200 ppm EBN extracts did not affect P8 BMMSCs proliferation, although it increased BMMSCs viability. Treatment of P5 and P8 BMMSCs with 200 ppm EBN extract decreased SA-β-Gal activity by 54.8% and 47.1% of the control, respectively (P<0.05). Levels of p16INK4a expression were 5.4-fold lower in P5 BMMSCs treated with 200 ppm EBN extract compared to control (P<0.05). Similarly, treatment of P8 BMMSCs with 200 ppm EBN extract reduced p16INK4a mRNA level by 7.9-fold compared to the control (P<0.05). In order to investigate the pathway of EBN extract inhibition, we further analyzed IL-6 and NF-κB1 expression. Treatment of P5 and P8 BMMSCs with 200 ppm EBN extract reduced IL-6 mRNA levels by 7.9-fold and 2.1-fold of control, respectively (P<0.05). We found that 200 ppm EBN extract reduced NF-κB1 mRNA level approximately 2.4-fold both in P5 and P8 BMMSCs (P<0.05). Thus, EBN extract reduces markers of senescence, indicated by decreased SA-β-Gal activity and p16INK4a mRNA level, and this correlated with reduced messenger RNA levels of the pro-inflammatory factor IL-6 and the transcription factor NF-κB1.
PROFIL FARMAKOKINETIK OKSITETRASIKLIN PADA IKAN LELE, Clarias gariepinus DENGAN INFEKSI ARTIFISIAL Aeromonas hydrophila Tatik Mufidah; Sukenda Sukenda; Widanarni Widanarni; Huda Shalahudin Darusman; Angela Mariana Lusiastuti
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 17, No 1 (2022): (Maret, 2022)
Publisher : Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Jembrana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (561.702 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/jra.17.1.2022.47-57

Abstract

Oksitetrasiklin banyak digunakan dalam manajemen terapeutik maupun preventif infeksi penyakit bakterial pada akuakultur. Konsentrasi obat yang tepat dalam tubuh penting untuk kemanjuran terapi tidak hanya ditentukan oleh dosis obat tetapi juga farmakokinetik obat yang dapat diketahui dari parameter farmakokinetiknya. Parameter farmakokinetik meliputi waktu paruh, kadar puncak, waktu puncak, volume distribusi, area di bawah kurva (AUC), eliminasi, dan distribusi obat baik dalam keadaan fisiologi maupun patologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui parameter farmakokinetik dan waktu henti obat (withdrawal time) oksitetrasiklin yang diberikan secara oral pada ikan lele yang diinfeksi dengan Aeromonas hydrophila. Kondisi patofisiologi yang memengaruhi mekanisme kerja obat akibat infeksi A. hydrophila diketahui dengan pengamatan histologi. Visualisasi keberadaan bakteri A. hydrophila pada organ ikan lele menggunakan imunohistokimia. Konsentrasi obat dalam plasma diukur dengan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi (KCKT). Studi ini mengungkapkan farmakokinetik obat dan waktu henti obat yang berbeda pada ikan sehat/tidak diinfeksi dan sakit/diinfeksi A. hydrophila. Kadar oksitetrasiklin pada plasma ikan sehat 229,00 mg/L dan ikan terinfeksi A. hydrophila 99,16 mg/L yang dicapai pada 1,5 jam setelah pemberian. Area di bawah kurva yang menggambarkan jumlah obat dalam sirkulasi sistemik pada ikan sehat sebesar 943,6 mg.h/L; sedangkan pada ikan sakit sebesar 814,05 mg.h/L. Area di bawah kurva untuk waktu tak terhingga pada ikan sehat 1.586,42 mg.h/L dan 1.516,47 mg.h/L. Waktu paruh pada ikan sehat 9,36 jam dan ikan tidak terinfeksi 9,65 jam. Pengamatan histologi pada organ yang berperan dalam mekanisme obat yaitu hati, ginjal, dan usus mengalami kelainan patologi. Visualisasi A. hydrophila dengan imunohistokimia menunjukkan bakteri banyak terlokasilasi dalam lumen pembuluh darah. Waktu henti obat setelah 10 hari pemberian dengan dosis terapeutik pada ikan sehat yaitu 20 hari pada ikan sehat dan 30 hari pada ikan sakit. Sebagai kesimpulan kadar oksitetrasiklin pada plasma ikan sehat lebih besar daripada ikan sakit, dan diikuti dengan perbedaan pada parameter farmakokinetik lainnya dan waktu henti obat yang lebih lama pada ikan sakit.Oxytetracycline is widely used in the therapeutic and preventive management of bacterial infections in aquaculture. The accurate concentration of drug in the body is important for therapeutic efficacy not only determined by the dose but also the pharmacokinetics of the drug which can be known from its pharmacokinetic parameters. Pharmacokinetic parameters include half-life, maximum concentration, time of maximum concretation, volume distribution, area under the curve (AUC), elimination, and distribution of the drug in both physiological and pathological conditions. This study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters and withdrawal time of oxytetracycline administered orally to uninfected and infected catfish infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Pathophysiological conditions that affect the drug’s mechanism of action due to infection with A. hydrophila by histological observations. Visualization of A. hydrophila bacteria in catfish organs using immunohistochemical assay. The plasma drug concentration was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This study revealed different drug pharmacokinetics parameters and withdrawl time of uninfected and infected fish with A. hydrophila. Oxytetracycline levels in the plasma of the uninfected fish were 229.00 mg/L and 99.16 mg/L in infected fish which were reached 1.5 hours after administration. The area under the curve that describes the amount of drug in the systemic circulation of uninfected fish is 943.6 mg.h/L, while in infected fish is 814.05 mg.h/L. The area under the curve for infinitive depicting the amount of drug in the systemic circulation in uninfected fish was 943.6 mg.h/L, while in infected fish was 814.05 mg.h/L. Histological observations on the organs that play a role in the drug mechanism, to be specific on the liver, kidney, and intestine showed pathological abnormalities. Visualization of A. hydrophila by immunohistochemistry showed that bacteria were located in the lumen of blood vessels. The withdrawal time of oxytetracycline after 10 days of administration in uninfected and infected fish were 20 and 30 days, repectively. In conclusion, plasma levels of oxytetracycline in uninfected fish were greater than in infected fish and were followed by differences in other pharmacokinetic parameters and longer drug withdrawal times in infected fish.
Co-Authors A.S. Satyaningtijas Adi Winarto Adi Winarto Agik Suprayogi Ahmad Kamal Nasution Ahmad Subhan Ai Hertati, Ai Akhiruddin Maddu Andhika Yudha Prawira Andi Hiroyuki Angela Mariana Lusiastuti Apon Zaenal Mustopa Aprilyana, Lia Ardiansyah Nurdin Benvika Damiana Rita Ekastuti Dayana, Hepy Dewi Ratih Agungpriyono Dewi, Fitriya Nur Annisa Dondin Sajuthi DYAH PERWITASARI -FARAJALLAH Ekowati Handharyani Elok Budi Retnani Entang Iskandar Entang Iskandar Entang Iskandar Entang Iskandar Ernes Andhesfa Etih Sudarnika Fadla, Ilma Nadya Fauzi Abdurrahman Munggaran Femke Den Haas Ferdinandez, Mariana Firdaus, Moh Egy Rahman Fitri, Arni Diana Habib Ilham Maulana Al Adhim Hana Intishar Sawitri Hardo Basuki Harrold Halilintar MR Subu Taopan HERA MAHESHWARI Hidayaturrahmah Hidayaturrahmah I wayan Teguh Wibawan Ice Lusia Marta IETJE WIENTARSIH Ikramullah, Muh. Chaeril Indra Bachtiar Indra Bachtiar Indriawati, Iin Iqbal Ngabdusani Irawan, Shasmita Irma Herawati Suparto Jusak Nugraha Kanti Rahmi Fauziyah Karin katina Hasya Katrin Roosita koekoeh santoso Krisnayanti, Ni Putu Eka Lina Elfita Lina Elfita Linda Tjhin Lis Rosmanah Lis Rosmanah Loes (ML) Schure Maria Fatima Palupi Maria Fatima Palupi Maria Fatima Palupi Megawati Iskandar Mia Audina, Mia Muhammad Hamdan Ningrum, Emilna Mega Novi Mayasari Noviana, Rachmitasari Novriyandi Hanif Nugroho, Setyo Widi Pamungkas, Joko Perdhana, Ika Satya Permanawati Permanawati Puji Rianti Putri, Indah Aprianti Rachmitasari Noviana Rahmania Hanim Rahminiwati, Min Randall C. Kyes Rasyida Ulfa Ratna, Lita Tri Ratni Ernita Ratu, Safira Pinaka Pramestika Raymond R. Tjandrawinata Ridzki M.F. Binol Rifqiyah Nur Umami, Rifqiyah Nur Rika Sudranto Rizki Aulia Ansari Rosyid, Bahaudien Savitri Novelina Sela Septima Mariya Setyo Widi Nugroho Silmi Mariya Silmi Mariya SILMI MARIYA Silvy Thiyana Sony Hartono Wijaya Srihadi Agungpriyono Suduri, Adam Sukenda Sukenda Sumitro - Tambunan, Anggitha Tatang Mitra Setia Tatik Mufidah Tommy Langgeng Abimanyu Tri Wibawa Uus Saepuloh Uus Saepuloh UUS SAEPULOH Vinka Aftinata Kusumaputri Wartika Rosa Farida Wasmen Manalu WIDANARNI WIDANARNI Wira, Dwi Wahyuda Yuliana Yuliana Yuliana Zaelani, Bella Fatima Dora