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DETERMINASI TOTAL BAKTERI DAN Escherichia coli PADA TELUR BURUNG PERKUTUT (Geopelia striata) YANG GAGAL MENETAS DI BEBERAPA PENANGKARAN LOKAL DENPASAR, BALI Aryadi Millenia Saputra; Retno Kawuri; Job Nico Subagio
SIMBIOSIS Vol 10 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Udayana

Birds have an attraction that has unique colors and melodious sounds, including the Zebra Dove (Geopelia striata). The high economic value of the Zebra Dove (G. striata) for the community causes excessive hunting and trading of these animals so that it can reduce bird populations in the wild. Conservation efforts are carried out to prevent the decline in bird populations in nature, namely bird breeding places. Bacterial contamination is an obstacle during the breeding process of birds. The purpose of this study was to determine the Total Plate Count (TPC) of bacteria and Escherichia coli in samples of contents and shells of Zebra Dove eggs (G. striata) that failed to hatch from several local bird breeders Denpasar, Bali. The research was conducted at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Biology Study Program, FMIPA Udayana University. The method used is the pour plate TPC test on Nutrient Agar (NA) and Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA) media. The results of the bacterial TPC test in the egg contents and egg shell sample obtained the highest average was found in the third breeder, while the lowest in the first breeder. Escherichia coli TPC results on the egg contents and egg shell sample obtained the highest average was found in the third breeder. The presence of the TPC of bacteria and Escherichia coli in the contents and shell samples of Zebra Dove (G. striata) varied every breeder.

Potensi Bacillus sp. Sebagai Agen Antagonis Terhadap Athelia rolfsii Penyebab Busuk Pangkal Batang Kedelai (Glycine max L.) Khotima Dwi Cahya; Retno Kawuri; I Made Sara Wijana
Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Sciences Vol 9 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Prodi Magister Ilmu Biologi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/metamorfosa.2022.v09.i02.p12

Athelia rolfsii dapat menyebabkan busuk batang pada tanaman kedelai dengan gejala infeksi pada pangkal batang yang berbatasan dengan permukaan tanah yang dapat menurunkan hasil produksi panen kedelai hingga 75%. Pengendalian penyakit dengan pestisida kimia diketahui dapat membawa dampak negatif tehadap lingkungan. Bakteri Bacillus sp. sebagai agen antagonis diketahui dapat menghasilkan enzim, antibiotik, dan siderophore yang mampu menekan pertumbuhan cendawan patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan Bacillus sp. yang diisolasi dari rhizosfer tanaman kacang tanah sehat dalam menekan pertumbuhan cendawan A. rolfsii secara in vitro dan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi kultur Bacillus sp. terbaik dalam menekan pertumbuhan cendawan A. rolfsii dalam skala green house. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan parameter yang diamati adalah persentase daya hambat secara in vitro, persentase kejadian penyakit, dan persentase intensitas penyakit. Data dianalisis dengan analisis sidik ragam (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian diperoleh 6 isolat Bacillus sp. Isolat Bacillus sp. 1 sebagai isolat dengan persentase daya hambat terbaik dalam menekan pertumbuhan A. rolfsii (79,44%) selanjutnya diuji pada skala green house. Pemberian kultur Bacillus sp.1 sebanyak 10 mL dengan kerapatan 1x108 sel/mL dapat menekan kejadian penyakit busuk pangkal batang hingga 53,38 ± 18,23% dan menekan persentase intensitas penyakit hingga 67,78 ± 19,40% selama 7 HST. Kontrol positif dengan Amistar top menekan kejadian penyakit busuk pangkal batang dan intensitas penyakit hingga 86,68 ± 18,25%. Kultur Bacillus sp. 1 dapat digunakan sebagai agen antagonis pada penyakit busuk pangkal batang yang disebabkan oleh A. rolfsii. Kata kunci: Antagonis, Athelia rolfsii, Bacillus sp., Tanaman kedelai.

MORPHOMETRY OF EAGLE SPECIES (FAMILY ACCIPITRIDAE) AT BALI BIRD PARK Iriani Setyawati; L.P. Eswaryanti Kusuma Yuni; Retno Kawuri; Ni Made Suartini; Ni Wayan Sudatri; I Gede Agus Pradana Putra
Indonesian Biodiversity Journal Vol. 3 No. 3 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Manado

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

This study measured the morphometry of raptor species (Family Accipitridae) in Bali Bird Park (BBP) namely Nisaetus cirrhatus (Changeable Hawk Eagle), Elanus caeruleus (Black Winged Kite), Spilornis cheela (Crested Serpent Eagle) and Haliaeetus leucogaster (White Bellied Sea Eagle). Measurements were made with meter tape and caliper on birds that were in their resting period. Raptor at BBP generally rest for 6 months until experience molting before being retrained for 4-5 months, then the birds will be ready to perform bird show for the next 9-12 months. Our measurements obtained the largest bird was Haliaeetus leucogaster with a total body length of 75 cm, wings length 83.5-85 cm, tail length 26 cm, head size (8 cm length and 7 cm width), upper beak (8 cm length and 2.5 cm thick) and lower beak (3 cm length and 1 cm thick), lower limb length (femur 17 cm, tibia 9 cm, metatarsus 11 cm, middle toe 6.5 cm and grip 9 cm). The smallest bird was Elanus caeruleus with a total body length of 33 cm, wing length 39-45 cm, tail length 19 cm, head size (8 cm length, 5.5 cm width), upper beak (2.5 cm length and 0.5 cm thick) and lower beak (1 cm length and 0.3 cm thick), lower limb length (femur 8 cm, tibia 4 cm, metatarsus 5 cm, middle toe 3 cm and grip 5 cm) The morphometry of the species Nisaetus cirrhatus and Spilornis cheela were between the two other bird species.

PELATIHAN AKLIMATISASI BIBIT STROBERI HASIL KULTUR MERISTEM BAGI PETANI STROBERI PANCASARI R. Dwiyani; K.B. Susrusa; I.A.P. Darmawati; G.N.A.S. Wirya; I.G.A. Gunadi; N.N.A. Mayadewi; H. Yuswanti; K.A. Yuliadhi; T.A. Phabiola; R. Kawuri; Y. Fitriani
Buletin Udayana Mengabdi Vol 22 No 3 (2023): Buletin Udayana Mengabdi
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/BUM.2023.v22.i03.p10

Abstracts The community service activity entitled "Training for Acclimatization of Strawberry Seeds from Meristem Culture for Pancasari Strawberry Farmers" has been completed. This activity was motivated by the problem of seeds by strawberry farmers in Pancasari, where farmers needed healthy seeds from tissue culture, because through propagation with runners, crop yields decreased drastically due to virus attacks. The solution is the use of seeds from meristem culture. Acclimatization training by farmers is important because removing seeds from culture bottles and then growing them on media ex vitro requires skills and understanding of acclimatization theory. The purpose of this service was to provide strawberry acclimatization skills to farmers, so that farmers can acclimatize themselves to meristem cultured strawberries produced by the Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture Udayana University. This activity was based on the results of strawberry meristem culture research in 2019 funded by the ministry of research technology and higher education Republic of Indonesia through a national competitive grant. The results of the current community service concluded several things as follows: The training participants, especially farmers, have succeeded in carrying out their own acclimatization practice; Strawberry seedlings grown in the highlands (Pancasari) had better vigor than those grown in the lowlands (Denpasar). Keywords: acclimatization, meristem culture, Pancasari, strawberry, virus.

Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) Merah dan Cokelat Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus Luh Made Ary Somia Vagestini; Retno Kawuri; Made Ria Defiani
Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Sciences Vol 10 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Prodi Magister Ilmu Biologi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/metamorfosa.2023.v10.i01.p17

Staphylococcus aureus is known as bacteria that often cause respiratory tract disease in Indonesia. These bacteria are known to have developed resistance to several antibiotics. This study aims to analyze the comparison of the antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts of red ketapang leaves and brown ketapang leaves on the growth of S.aureus bacteria, determine the MIC of the two extracts, and determine the class of compounds in the extracts. The research method used includes sample extraction using the maceration method with 96% ethanol as solvent. The antibacterial activity test of the extract was carried out at concentrations of 20%, 15%, 10%, and 5% (w/v) with the disc diffusion method on Nutrient Agar media, and qualitative phytochemical tests were carried out. The results showed that the difference in leaf color affected the inhibition of S. aureus bacteria. The best inhibition was obtained at a concentration of 20% (w/v) red ketapang extract with an inhibition zone diameter of 13.67±0.76 mm. The results of the MIC test showed that the MIC value of the red ketapang extract was obtained at a concentration of 5% (w/v) with an inhibitory power of 1.47±0.25 mm and the cocoa bean leaf extract was obtained at a concentration of 10% (w/v) with the diameter of the inhibition zone. 1.73±0.25mm. The phytochemical test of the extracts showed that both extracts contained alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and steroids, but terpenoid compounds were only found in the red ketapang leaf extract. Keywords: secondary metabolites, MIC, resistance, ketapang leaf color.

Formulation and Application of Molasses-Based Bacterial Consortium to Degrade Waste Oil and Fat in the Environment Retno Kawuri; Ida Bagus Gede Darmayasa; I Komang Adi Widyastama; Rochmalia Juniarti Putri
Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Sciences Vol 10 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Prodi Magister Ilmu Biologi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/metamorfosa.2023.v10.i02.p12

Pencemaranan limbah lemak ke lingkungan perairan yang berasal dari pengolahan makanan industri, restoran dan dapur atau oleh tumpahan minyak yang tidak disengaja saat ini semakin banyak ditemukan. Hasil PUPS tahun 2020 ditemukan 3 strain bakteri yaitu Bacillus licheneformis, Bacillus coagulan dan Pseudomonas diminuta. Konsorsium mikroba merupakan campuran populasi mikroba dalam bentuk komunitas yang memiliki hubungan kooperatif, komensal, dan mutualistik. Pengujian di lapangan perlu dilakukan untuk menguji apakah hasil degradasi lemak dan minyak dari ketiga bakteri diatas mampu diaplikasikan di limbah lemak dan minyak di lingkungan. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mencari formulasi media dan aplikasi yang tepat dari konsorsium bakteri berbahan dasar molase dan untuk mengetahui efektifitas dari formulasi media berbahan dasar molase. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Sequence Batch Reactor (SBR), parameter fisika, kimia dan biologis meliputi pengukuran Total lemak, Pengujian Oksigen Terlarut (Dissolve Oxygen/DO), Pengujian BOD5 (Biological Oxygent Demant), Pengujian Nitrat, Pengujian Nitrit Total padatan terlarut (Total dissolve solid/TDS), dan Penghitungan Mikroba TPC, (Total Plate Count). Hasil penelitian menunjukan penurunan pada perlakuan pemberian konsorsium bakteri sebesar 80 ml/2lt ( 40 ml/lt ) limbah lemak dan minyak pada pengukuran BOD5, TDS, total lemak, nitrit dan nitrat serta populasi bakteri yang tetap tinggi pada hari ke 5 setelah perlakuan. Penelitian ini menunjukan kemampuan konsorsium bakteri berbahan dasar molase dapat digunakan sebagai agen starter pengolahan limbah lemak di lingkungan yang tercemar limbah lemak dan minyak.

Identification of Bacteria Caused Bacterial Wilt Disease in Potato Plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Taman Tanda Village, Tabanan, Bali I Komang Adi Widyastama; Retno Kawuri; Made Pharmawati
Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Sciences Vol 10 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Prodi Magister Ilmu Biologi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Udayana

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Salah satu masalah utama pada budidaya tanaman kentang di Desa Taman Tanda adalah serangan penyakit layu bakteri yang disebabkan oleh patogen bakteri. Penyebab layu bakteri adalah bakteri dari famili Ralstoniaceae. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi bakter penyebab layu bakteri pada tanaman kentang di Desa Taman Tanda, Tabanan, Bali. Metode identifikasi diawali dengan isolasi patogen dari tanaman kentang yang sakit di lapangan menggunakan media selektif Ralstonia casein peptone glukose. Koloni yang tumbuh pada media selektif kemudian dikarakterisasi morfologi dan biokimia. Patogenitas dari patogen diuji dengan menginokulasi patogen pada tanaman kentang berumur 30 hari di rumah kaca. Tanaman kentang yang menunjukkan gejala layu bakteri seperti layu kering pada daun dan batang tanaman dikonfirmasi sebagai Ralstonia sp. Isolat patogen kemudian diekstrak 16S rRNA dan diamplifikasi dengan metode Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) menggunakan primer U1 forward dan reverse. Sekuensing 16S rRNA dilakukan satu arah dengan mengirim DNA ke PT. Genetika Science, Jakarta. Hasil sekuensing kemudian dianalisis BLASTN dengan membandingkan pusat data di GenBank. Analisis BLASTN menunjukkan isolat patogen teridentifikasi sebagai Ralstonia solanacearum strain K60-1 dengan kemiripan 100%. Dendogram dari isolat patogen dibuat dengan metode neighbor joining tree 1000 kali bootstrap. Berdasarkan identifikasi morfologi, biokimia, Postulat Koch, dan molekuler bakteri penyebab layu bakteri pada tanaman kentang di Desa Taman Tanda, Tabanan, Bali teridentifikasi sebagai Ralstonia solanacearum.

MORPHOMETRY OF EAGLE SPECIES (FAMILY ACCIPITRIDAE) AT BALI BIRD PARK Iriani Setyawati; L.P. Eswaryanti Kusuma Yuni; Retno Kawuri; Ni Made Suartini; Ni Wayan Sudatri; I Gede Agus Pradana Putra
Indonesian Biodiversity Journal Vol. 3 No. 3 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Manado

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53682/ibj.v3i3.5733

This study measured the morphometry of raptor species (Family Accipitridae) in Bali Bird Park (BBP) namely Nisaetus cirrhatus (Changeable Hawk Eagle), Elanus caeruleus (Black Winged Kite), Spilornis cheela (Crested Serpent Eagle) and Haliaeetus leucogaster (White Bellied Sea Eagle). Measurements were made with meter tape and caliper on birds that were in their resting period. Raptor at BBP generally rest for 6 months until experience molting before being retrained for 4-5 months, then the birds will be ready to perform bird show for the next 9-12 months. Our measurements obtained the largest bird was Haliaeetus leucogaster with a total body length of 75 cm, wings length 83.5-85 cm, tail length 26 cm, head size (8 cm length and 7 cm width), upper beak (8 cm length and 2.5 cm thick) and lower beak (3 cm length and 1 cm thick), lower limb length (femur 17 cm, tibia 9 cm, metatarsus 11 cm, middle toe 6.5 cm and grip 9 cm). The smallest bird was Elanus caeruleus with a total body length of 33 cm, wing length 39-45 cm, tail length 19 cm, head size (8 cm length, 5.5 cm width), upper beak (2.5 cm length and 0.5 cm thick) and lower beak (1 cm length and 0.3 cm thick), lower limb length (femur 8 cm, tibia 4 cm, metatarsus 5 cm, middle toe 3 cm and grip 5 cm) The morphometry of the species Nisaetus cirrhatus and Spilornis cheela were between the two other bird species.

POTENSI ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL JAHE GAJAH (Zingiber officinale var. Roscoe) DALAM MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Salmonella sp. YANG DIISOLASI DARI TELUR AYAM KAMPUNG Chandrika, Carmen Gisela; Kawuri, Retno; Darmadi, A.A. Ketut
SIMBIOSIS Vol 11 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2023.v11.i02.p05

Telur ayam kampung adalah salah satu sumber protein yang digemari masyarakat. Konsumsi telur ayam kampung mentah perlu diwaspadai oleh masyarakat karena terdapat resiko kontaminasi bakteri patogen, salah satunya adalah bakteri Salmonella sp. Antibakteri merupakan senyawa yang dihasilkan oleh organisme dan dapat menghambat pertumbuhan serta membunuh bakteri patogen. Jahe gajah (Zingiber officinale var. Roscoe) memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang dapat digunakan sebagai pengobatan untuk infeksi bakteri. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk memeriksa kontaminasi Salmonella sp. pada telur ayam kampung mentah yang dijual pada Pasar Badung dan potensi ekstrak etanol jahe gajah (Z. officinale var. Roscoe) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Salmonella sp., serta mengukur Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) dari ekstrak etanol jahe gajah terhadap bakteri Salmonella sp. Keberadaan bakteri Salmonella sp. yang diisolasi dari telur ayam kampung yang dijual di Pasar Badung diuji dengan menggunakan metode pour plate pada media selektif Salmonella-Shigella Agar (SSA) dilanjutkan dengan uji biokimia sebagai uji konfirmasi. Uji daya hambat ekstrak etanol jahe gajah terhadap bakteri Salmonella sp. digunakan konsentrasi (90% (b/v); 80% (b/v); 70% (b/v); 60% (b/v); kontrol positif (ciprofloxacin 1%) serta kontrol negatif (etanol) dengan metode sumur difusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 144 sampel telur ayam kampung mentah, terdapat 4 sampel (2,78%) yang terkontaminasi bakteri Salmonella sp. Ekstrak etanol jahe gajah dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Salmonella sp, dengan diameter daya hambat sebesaar 20,6 mm pada konsentrasi ekstrak 90% dan MIC dari ekstrak etanol jahe gajah terhadap bakteri Salmonella sp. adalah 10% dengan daya hambat sebesar 6 mm.

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