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Antimicrobial Activities of Laurus nobilis Leaves Ethanol Extract on Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonellae typhi, and Escherichia coli. Sakran, khawla Abdullah; Raharjo, Dadik; Mertaniasih, Ni Made
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 9 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v9i2.22873

Abstract

Laurus nobilis is one of the most well-known, most frequently used plants is from Lauraceae family which contains up 2.500 species that grow in the subtropics and tropics of the Mediterranean region and Indonesia. This study was supposed to investigate the antimicrobial eff ect of L.nobilis leaves ethanol extract on Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonellae typhi, and Escherichia coli. This preliminary study examined the antimicrobial eff ect of L.nobilis leaves ethanol extract. The method used Agar-well diff usion for determination of the zone of inhibition and the minimum bactericidal concentration to investigate the activity of L.nobilis leaves ethanol extract at 100% concentration . The results revealed that extract of L. nobilis leaves had the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with a zone of inhibition (16.3 ±1.5 mm), Staphylococcus aureus with (14.5±0.5 mm), and weak antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (11.3±1.1mm). Also, through the minimum bactericidal concentration experiment, the L.nobilis leaves ethanol extract had activity on Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonellae typhi, it's killed the bacteria in all concentration start it from 5í—107 to 5í—104. But the activity on Escherichia coli just weaken concentration 5í—107 and 106. This research has concluded that the L.nobilis leaves ethanol extract exhibited a signifi cant antimicrobial eff ect against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonellae typhi then Escherichia coli that is considered a kind of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
An Initiative Report on Hospitalized Pulmonary TB Patients Co-Infected by SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 Pandemic from Tertiary Referral Hospitals in Surabaya Effendy, Lyndia; Mertaniasih, Ni Made; Soedarsono, Soedarsono; Endraswari, Pepy
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v11i2.38940

Abstract

The enduring effect of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been experienced throughout the past and ongoing three years. Incidences of SARS-CoV-2 co-infected tuberculosis patients were reported globally, including in Italy and several European countries and resulted in a more complicated disease with severe clinical features and poorer clinical outcomes. To effectively manage this co-infection, it is important to be informed of the prevalence and characteristics of an acute SARS-CoV-2 co-infection on TB and determining factors of severity. Therefore, early warning signs can be recognized, monitored closely and managed. This retrospective study, carried out on hospitalized TB patients in Dr. Soetomo Hospital and Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, used medical records from March 2020 to December 2022. Samples were from inpatients with a molecularly-Gene Xpert MTB/Rif-confirmed tuberculosis, and currently experienced respiratory and fever symptoms that resembles the symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection or exacerbation of tuberculosis. They are then screened and examined using a molecular diagnostic test, with real-time RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2. A total of 54 (0.7%) patients had TB-SARS-CoV-2 co-infection among 7,786 suspected to have TB, of which 35 had Rifampicin Sensitive (TB-RS), while 19 had TB Rifampicin Resistant (TB-RR) co-infected with SARS-CoV-2. The remaining 2,586 suspected TB patients had only MTB, based on the detection methods of X-pert MTB/RIF, but with negative RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2. The clinical severity and mortality of TB-SARS-CoV2 co-infected patients were significantly associated with the number of co-morbidities (p=0.0156), and serum haemoglobin levels (p=0.0672), in which p value < 0.05 is considered significant.
Epidemiology of Escherichia coli as a Critical Pathogen of Bloodstream Infection Patients in Tertiary Referral Hospital Endraswari, Pepy; Mertaniasih, Ni Made; Setiawan, Firman; Paramita, Ayu Lidya
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 10 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v10i3.39494

Abstract

Bloodstream infections (BSI), caused primarily by multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli, are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aims to evaluate the epidemiology of E. coli as a critical pathogen in patients with bloodstream infections in a tertiary referral hospital. This is a retrospective study using a  descriptive observational research design. This study used a medical record instrument for bloodstream patients in Dr. Soetomo Hospital's inpatient ward with Gram-negative bacteria results of blood cultures in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory from April 2021 to September 2021. The observed variables include; antimicrobial sensitivity, patient clinical characteristics, demographic data, clinical diagnosis, and clinical outcome. In 6 months, 276 Gram-negative bloodstream infection patients were treated at Dr. Soetomo Hospital. The proportion of E. coli was 17 %.  The main characteristics of patients were over 60 years old (28%), and 54% were female. 63% of E. coli were ESBL, and 9% were carbapenem-resistant microorganisms. High antimicrobial resistance was found in quinolones (100%), ampicillin (93%), piperacillin (74%), tetracycline (72%), ceftriaxone (66%), cefotaxime (65%), ceftazidime (60%), cefazolin (65%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (65%). The most common potential determinant profile discovered was linked to immunocompromised status due to malignancy.  The high number of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria showed the importance of strict infection control and updated epidemiology data as a guide for empirical antimicrobial therapy.
Predictive Positive Value Xpert MTB/RIF in Detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis on Adult Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Dr. Soetomo Referral Hospital Surabaya Indonesia Akirasena, Mayoori; Mertaniasih, Ni Made; Soedarsono; Permatasari, Ariani
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v12i2.52755

Abstract

Pulmonary tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and transmitted via droplets. Southeast Asia is the largest contributor of TB, and Indonesia itself has the second-highest number in the world with an incidence of approximately 824000 cases. The most common symptoms of active TB are cough, fever, weight loss, and night sweats. The diagnosis can be established upon the confirmation that one of the specimens contains M. tuberculosis. Xpert MTB/RIF provides results in less than 2 hours, whereas culture takes approximately 2-6 weeks. This research aims to evaluate the characteristics and determine the Predictive Positive Value (PPV) percentage of GeneXpert MTB/RIF, utilizing parameters derived from the gold standard examination results, namely culture. This research method is descriptive- analytic based on secondary data extracted from medical records of patients receiving care at the multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) Outpatient Management at Dr. Soetomo Referral Hospital Surabaya from the period January 2019 – April 2022. The results showed that the PPV level of GeneXpert MTB/RIF in detecting the presence of M. tuberculosis is 90%. The diagnosis of pulmonary TB is also supported by the chest X-ray infiltrate's appearance and clinical symptoms of cough, weight loss, fever, and night sweats. Smoking and diabetes are the most common comorbid and risk factors in TB. The conclusion of this study is that the PPV for diagnosing adult pulmonary TB using the Xpert MTB/RIF is relatively high. This suggests the potential use of this method as a diagnosing tool for accurately diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis.
Progress In Knowledge Of Microscopic Tuberculosis Diagnosis Laboratory Training Participants Silvia Sutandhio; Ni Made Mertaniasih; Eko Budi Koendhori; Deby Kusumaningrum; Titiek Sulistyowati; Lindawati Alimsardjono; Pepy Dwi Endraswari; Manik Retno Wahyunitisari; Rebekah Juniati Setiabudi
JURNAL WIDYA MEDIKA Vol. 5 No. 2 (2019)
Publisher : FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK WIDYA MANDALA SURABAYA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33508/jwm.v5i2.2202

Abstract

Indonesia is the second highest tuberculosis (TB)-burden country in the world. TB affects men and women in productive ages. Early and accurate diagnosis of TB is crucial in TB management because it allows prompt treatment with appropriate regimen. Sputum smear microscopy is the most common method used in resource-limited laboratories. The aim of this study is to assess whether adult learning method with student-centered approach can improve knowledge in laboratory techniques in microscopic TB diagnosis. It was a quasi experimental research with one group pretest and posttest design. Pretest was conducted before the training started. During the training, participants attended lectures, discussion sessions, and hands-on laboratory activities. After training, participants were asked to respond to posttest. There were 33 participants of this training (n=33). Paired t-test analysis showed significant difference between pretest and posttest scores (p=6.5x10-9). Variance between pretest scores was 4.00 and variance between posttest scores were 1.34. Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.45. Regardless their level of knowledge before training, participants could achieve relatively equivalent results after training. Significant difference between pre- and post-training test scores indicated that the learning method was effective and the training could improve participants knowledge in laboratory techniques in microscopic TB diagnosis.
Profile of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Detected in the Sputum of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Re-treatment Patients at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Mochammad Afif Ziaulhaq; Mertaniasih, Ni Made; Meliana, Resti Yudhawati; Permatasari, Ariani
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v13i1.64176

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading infectious diseases worldwide. Despite global efforts to control TB, it remains a major public health issue, affecting 10.6 million people annually in 2021, with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Effective treatment of TB requires strict adherence to long-term medication, but challenges such as  treatment failure, relapse, and loss to follow-up complicate outcomes. This is especially concerning for patients with comorbidities such as diabetes, HIV, or hypertension, which not only increase the risk of TB but also hinder its treatment and elevate the likelihood of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections. This study aimed to analyze 326 pulmonary TB retreatment cases at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital from October 2023 to April 2024. The retrospective design identified that 323 cases involved MTB and 3 involved NTM. The findings show that loss to follow-up was the most common reason for retreatment, particularly among males and older adults. Comorbidities were found to exacerbate treatment challenges, with some retreatment cases lasting up to 24 months. The study concludes that loss to follow-up remains a major risk factor for TB retreatment, particularly in MTB cases, and highlights the importance of managing comorbidities to improve treatment outcomes.
Peningkatan Kapasitas Kader Desa dan Staf Laboratorium untuk Optimalisasi Deteksi Dini Tuberkulosis di Kabupaten Sampang Kadariswantiningsih, Ika; Mertaniasih, Ni Made; Kusumaningrum, Deby; Endraswari, Pepy Dwi; Koendhori, Eko Budi; Setiawan, Andy; Lestari, Aprilia Dwi; Yudayanti, Elprania Credo; Juita, Liza Puspa Senja Asmara; Yitijuatni
J-Dinamika : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol 10 No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Indonesia menghadapi tantangan besar dalam deteksi dini Tuberkulosis, terutama di wilayah dengan tingkat deteksi rendah seperti Kabupaten Sampang. Keterbatasan pengetahuan kader desa dan staf laboratorium menjadi hambatan utama dalam meningkatkan deteksi dini TB. Program pelatihan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas kader desa dan staf laboratorium melalui pelatihan terstruktur untuk mendukung deteksi dini Tuberkulosis yang lebih efektif. Pelatihan dilakukan dalam dua sesi paralel, yaitu untuk 15 kader desa dan 10 staf laboratorium. Kader desa diberikan pelatihan melalui ceramah dan diskusi kelompok terfokus tentang identifikasi gejala Tuberkulosis dan protokol rujukan. Staf laboratorium dilatih dengan metode ceramah dan praktikum tentang teknik diagnostik menggunakan tes cepat molekuler Tuberkulosis dan pemeriksaan diagnosis mikroskopis Tuberkulosis. Evaluasi pre dan post pelatihan menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam pengetahuan dan keterampilan kader desa serta staf laboratorium. Kader desa mampu mengenali gejala TB lebih dini dan melakukan rujukan yang tepat, sementara staf laboratorium menunjukkan peningkatan keterampilan dalam teknik diagnostik yang lebih akurat. Program ini membuktikan bahwa pemberdayaan komunitas dan pelatihan teknis mampu meningkatkan deteksi dini TB. Model ini dapat diadopsi di wilayah lain yang menghadapi tantangan serupa untuk mendukung eliminasi TB pada tahun 2030.
Positivity Proportion of Xpert MTB/RIF in Suspected Pediatric Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia Salsabila, Sabila; Mertaniasih, Ni Made; Setyoningrum, Retno Asih
JUXTA: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga Vol. 16 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/juxta.V16I22025.142-147

Abstract

Highlights: This study utilized Xpert MTB/RIF result data from children using both sputum and gastric lavage specimens, which is different from previous studies that relied solely on sputum specimens. “Mycobacterium tuberculosis not detected” was the most common result on the Xpert MTB/RIF examination in suspected pediatric TB cases.   Abstract Introduction: The difficulty of diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) is the most significant challenge in pediatric pulmonary TB cases. More accurate and faster diagnostic tools are essential for detecting TB infections, enabling the implementation of appropriate therapy and treatment management more effectively and promptly. This study aimed to determine the proportion of positive results using the Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin (MTB/RIF) assay as a rapid molecular method in suspected pediatric pulmonary TB patients at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Methods: This study employed a descriptive-retrospective design, utilizing data obtained from medical records. The total number of samples included in this study was 373 samples (n=373). The data was analyzed using the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 for Windows. Results: The most commonly used specimen from pediatric TB patients in the Xpert MTB/RIF examination was sputum, accounting for 59.2%. The most common result from the Xpert MTB/RIF examination was “MTB not detected,” with a prevalence of 88.2%. Conclusion: The most commonly used specimen for the Xpert MTB/RIF examination of pediatric pulmonary TB was sputum. The majority of results found with the Xpert MTB/RIF examination were “MTB not detected” both in sputum and gastric aspirate specimens.
PEMBERDAYAAN STAF TEKNISI LABORATORIUM FASYANKES DAN KADER KESEHATAN DI KABUPATEN PAMEKASAN UNTUK PENINGKATAN PERAN PADA TEMUAN DAN DIAGNOSIS PENYAKIT TUBERKULOSIS PARU Mertaniasih, Ni Made; Kusumaningrum, Deby; Endraswari , Pepy Dwi; Koendhori, Eko Budi
Jurnal Abdi Insani Vol 12 No 7 (2025): Jurnal Abdi Insani
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/abdiinsani.v12i7.2314

Abstract

Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang masih menjadi prioritas utama dalam upaya penanggulangan penyakit. Tingginya angka kesakitan dan kematian akibat TB memerlukan langkah-langkah strategis, terutama dalam hal deteksi dini dan pengobatan yang tepat. Diagnosis dini TB paru yang akurat dan cepat sangat bergantung pada deteksi bakteri patogen dalam dahak pasien, yang selanjutnya menentukan strategi pengobatan yang sesuai. Tes Cepat Molekuler (TCM) digunakan untuk diagnosis awal, sedangkan pemantauan hasil pengobatan dilakukan melalui pemeriksaan mikroskopis bakteri tahan asam (BTA). Tujuan kegiatan Pengmas adalah meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan staf teknisi laboratorium dalam mendiagnosis TB sesuai dengan standar kompetensi.  Serta memperkuat peran kader kesehatan dalam penanggulangan TB di masyarakat. Tim Dosen Departemen Mikrobiologi Kedokteran Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga bersama mahasiswa dan alumni Program Studi Spesialis Mikrobiologi Klinik melaksanakan kegiatan ceramah mengenai TB paru, meliputi aspek diagnosis, pengobatan, dan pencegahan penularan kepada 17 kader kesehatan serta pelatihan pemeriksaan mikroskopis BTA bagi  16 staf teknisi laboratorium dari berbagai fasilitas kesehatan masyarakat dan RSUD di Kabupaten Pamekasan. Evaluasi pasca pelatihan menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan dalam pemahaman dan keterampilan para kader kesehatan terkait temuan kasus TB di masyarakat, diagnostik, serta upaya pencegahan penularan. Seluruh staf laboratorium mengalami peningkatan kompetensi dalam pemeriksaan BTA, termasuk pembuatan dan pembacaan sediaan sesuai standar nasional (IUATLD). Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat oleh tim akademisi efektif dalam pemberdayaan kader kesehatan sebagai ujung tombak deteksi dini TB serta meningkatkan keterampilan diagnosis mikroskopis staf laboratorium. Pelatihan ini berkontribusi pada peningkatan kualitas diagnosis dan pengobatan TB.
Resistance Pattern of Anti-TB Drugs in Drug-Resistant TB of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Dr. Soetomo Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia Marsha Maritsa, Olivia; Mertaniasih, Ni Made; Permatasari, Ariani; Kusmiati, Tutik
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v13i2.66525

Abstract

Pulmonary tuberculosis is an infectious disease that can be transmitted through the air due to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. According to the WHO, TB is the second-highest cause of death in infectious diseases in the world. This study aims to determine patterns of anti-TB drug resistance in drugresistant TB patients in Dr. Soetomo Academic Hospital from January 2022 to December 2023. This was a descriptive retrospective using patient medical record data in Dr. Soetomo Academic Hospital for the period January 2022 - December 2023. This study included 261 drug resistant pulmonary TB patients, the majority of whom were new TB patients (61.3%). Anti-TB drug resistancewas most prevalent in RR-TB (43.7%), with the highest number of new cases (28.4%). Drug susceptibility test showed High-dose Isoniazid (INHHD) had a high resistance rate (56%). Isoniazid (H) had a high resistance rate (66%). Pyrazinamide (Z) showed high sensitivity (66%). Levofloxacin (Lfx) showed high sensitivity (89%). High-dose Moxifloxacin (MfxHD) high sensitivity level (94%). Moxifloxacin (Mfx) high sensitivity level (92%). Bedaquiline (Bdq) high sensitivity level (98%). Linezolid (Lzd) high sensitivity level (99%). Clofazimine (Cfz) high sensitivity level (97%). Amikacin (Amk) high sensitivity level (100%). Drug-resistant pulmonary TB patients recently show a high drug sensitivity pattern to the second-line anti-TB drugs. MTB has become resistant to Isoniazid. However, it is still sensitive to Pyrazinamide by 66% and Levofloxacin by 89%. Moxifloxacin, Bedaquilin, Linezolid, Clofazimine, and Amikacin have high sensitivity >90%.
Co-Authors , Atika Abdul Rahman Bahmid Agnes Dwi Sis Perwitasari, Agnes Dwi Sis Aisah, Nurul Akirasena, Mayoori Alimsardjono, Lindawati Alvin Hartanto Kurniawan, Alvin Hartanto Ananda, I Gede Yogi Prema Andy Setiawan Asri Darmawati Atik Kurniawati Atika Ayu Lidya Paramita Ayu Lidya Paramitha Bagus Soebadi Budi Suprapti Budi Yanti Budi Yanti Catur Endra Arky, Catur Endra Deby Kusumaningrum Diah Savitri Ernawati Didik Didik Handijatmo, Didik Dimas Firman Hidayat Eko Budi Koendhori, Eko Budi Endraswari, Pepy Fedik Abdul Ratam Hanik Urifah, Hanik Hidayat, Dimas Firman I Gusti Ayu Dewi Ratnayanti I Gusti Kamasan Arijana I Gusti Ngurah Mayun I Gusti Nyoman Sri Wiryawan I Nyoman Wande I Wayan Agus Gede Manik Saputra I Wayan Sugiritama Idha Kusumawati Ikhwani, Irfan Arif Irfan Arif Ikhwani Irwanto Irwanto Isnaeni Isnaeni Isnaeni Isnin Anang Marhana Jayanti Putri, Jayanti Juita, Liza Puspa Senja Asmara Junus, Herisa Nataliana Kadariswantiningsih, Ika Kawilarang, Arthur Pohan Kusmiati, Tutik Kusmiati, Tutik Lestari, Aprilia Dwi Lyndia Effendy Maharani, Sekar Mahdani, Wilda Mangestuti Agil ManikRetno Wahyunitisari Maria Inge Lusida Marsha Maritsa, Olivia Mega Ferdina Suwito Mochamad Amin Mochammad Afif Ziaulhaq Muhammad Amin Muhammad Amin Mulyadi Mulyadi Ni Made Linawati Ni Nengah Dwi Fatmawati Ni Nyoman Sri Budayanti Nurrosyidah, Iif Hanifa Nurul Wiqoyah, Nurul Nuswantoro, Djohar Paramitha, Ayu Lidya Pepy Dwi Endraswari, Pepy Dwi Permatasari, Ariani Priyo Hadi Purwanta, Marijam Putranto, J.Nugroho Eko Raharjo, Dadik Rarome, Berlian Beatrix Ratna Kusumawati Ratna Kusumawati Rebekah Setiabudi, Rebekah Reiska Kumala Bakti Resti Yudhawati Retno Asih Setyoningrum Risa Etika, Risa S. Soedarsono Sakran, khawla Abdullah Salsabila, Sabila Sampurna, Mahendra Tri Arif Saputra, I Wayan Agus Gede Manik Sari, Trias Kusuma Sekar Maharani Setiawan, Firman Silvia Sutandhio Soedarsono Soedarsono SOETJIPTO . Soetjipto Soetjipto Sugeng Harijono, Sugeng Sulistyowati, Titiek Titiek Sulistyowati Titiek sulistyowati Titiek Sulistyowati VICTOR EKA NUGRAHAPUTRA Wayan Tunas Artama Widya, Alicia Margaretta Wilda Mahdani Wiwin Retnowati Yelvi Levani Yitijuatni Yudayanti, Elprania Credo