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All Journal Jurnal Matematika & Sains Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Kimia (JPPK) Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia Universitas Riau Jurnal Tadris Kimiya Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia (JPKim) JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Kumawula: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Didaktik : Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD STKIP Subang Suluah Bendang: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Inovasi Pembelajaran Kimia (Journal Of Innovation in Chemistry Education) Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan : Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pembelajaran SCIENCE : Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Matematika dan IPA Ensiklopedia: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Inovasi Pembelajaran Saburai Educenter: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Makara Journal of Science Jurnal Riset Rumpun Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (JURRIMIPA) UNESA Journal of Chemical Education Jurnal Sains dan Ilmu Terapan Unesa Journal of Chemistry EDUCENTER JURNAL PENDIDIKAN Journal of Humanities Education Management Accounting and Transportation SAKOLA: Journal of Sains Cooperative Learning and Law Indonesian Journal of Jamu Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Kimia (JPPK) Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Halu Oleo
Iis Siti Jahro
Universitas Negeri Medan
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PEMANFAATAN SENYAWA KOMPLEKS FE KELAT (EDTA, DTPA, EDDHA, AMINO) DALAM BIDANG PERTANIAN: SEBUAH TINJAUAN Hanisah Hasibuan; Anjany Tasya Br Tarigan; Iis Siti Jahro; Nurfajriani
Unesa Journal of Chemistry Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): Vol 14 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Surabaya State University, located at Jl Ketintang, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/ujc.v14n2.p41-49

Abstract

This study discussed the use of iron (Fe) complex compounds in the form of chelates such as EDTA, DTPA, EDDHA, and amino chelates to overcome Fe deficiency in plants. Fe deficiency often occurs in soils with high pH or calcareous soils, which can be seen from chlorosis in leaves and decreased productivity. This study was aimed to review the synthesis, stability, agronomic effectiveness, and environmental impact of various types of Fe chelates. The methods used in this study were literature studies, with data sources covering articles from 2016 to 2025, with a particular focus on articles discussing the use of Fe chelates in plants. The findings of this study indicated that Fe-EDTA works well at low to moderate pH levels but is less stable in alkaline soils. Fe-DTPA showed moderate stability up to pH 7, while Fe-EDDHA had high stability even at pH 9, making it more suitable for calcareous soils. More environmentally friendly alternatives such as Fe-amino chelates have been proven to be more easily absorbed, have a positive impact on the environment, and also function as biostimulants. Therefore, further research is recommended to explore the development of environmentally friendly and effective Fe-chelates in alkaline soils to reduce residues from synthetic materials.
THE EFFECT OF READING, QUESTIONING, AND ANSWERING (RQA) STRATEGY WITH PROBLEM BASED LEARNING MODEL TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ HOTS SCIENCE LITERACY ABILITY ON THERMOCHEMISTRY Vincencia Friandini Sagala; Iis Siti Jahro
UNESA Journal of Chemical Education Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/ujced.v15n2.p105-110

Abstract

This research aims to determine the effect of integrating the Reading, Questioning, and Answering (RQA) strategy with the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model in improving students' Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) and science literacy in thermochemistry. The background of this research is the low science literacy and critical thinking skills of students, as evidenced by Indonesia's low scores in international assessments such as PISA and TIMSS. This study uses a quantitative method with a pre- experimental one-group pretest-posttest design on 11th-grade science students. The research instrument is a 20-item multiple-choice test validated to measure three HOTS cognitive levels (Analyzing, Evaluating, Creating) and nine science literacy indicators. The results showed a significant improvement in learning outcomes (p < 0.001), with the average pretest score of 34.84 increasing to 68.87 in the posttest. The Normalized gain (N-Gain) value is 0.52, falling into the moderate category. The analysis also showed a significant increase in students' understanding; for example, the ability to distinguish scientifically investigable questions increased from 0% to 70.97%. Despite improvements in analytical and evaluative skills, students continue to struggle with mathematical calculations related to quantitative data. In general, the combination of RQA and PBL methods is effective in helping students understand the material through independent reading and questioning before class, thereby enhancing their readiness to critically address real-world problems in the classroom.
Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Senyawa Kompleks Diamminaperak(I) Klorida [Ag(NH₃)₂]Cl melalui Reaksi Koordinasi Ion Perak dengan Amonia (NH₃) Grace Serephita; Gracemon Aprilia Purba; Nikita Ananda Limbong; Nuraini Natasya; Iis Siti Jahro
SAKOLA: Journal of Sains Cooperative Learning and Law Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : CV. Rayyan Dwi Bharata

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57235/sakola.v3i1.8263

Abstract

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pentingnya pemahaman mekanisme pembentukan ikatan koordinasi pada senyawa kompleks logam, khususnya kompleks perak(I) dengan ligan amonia yang masih terbatas pada pembelajaran laboratorium sederhana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis dan mengkarakterisasi senyawa kompleks diamminaperak(I) klorida [Ag(NH₃)₂]Cl. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kimia Anorganik, Program Studi Kimia, Universitas Negeri Medan menggunakan metode eksperimen laboratorium. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi langsung terhadap perubahan fisika dan kimia selama proses reaksi, meliputi perubahan warna, terbentuknya endapan, dan kelarutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terbentuknya endapan putih AgCl yang larut setelah penambahan NH₃ berlebih menghasilkan larutan bening sebagai indikasi terbentuknya kompleks [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺. Kompleks yang dihasilkan memiliki bilangan koordinasi dua dengan geometri linear. Dengan demikian, sintesis kompleks berhasil dilakukan sesuai teori kimia koordinasi.
Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Kualitatif Senyawa Kompleks Diammintembaga(II) Diklorida [CU(NH₃)₂CL₂] Melalui Metode Kristalisasi dan Uji Pengendapan AgNO₃ Ridha Salsabilah; Arpah Rangkuti; Dermawati Napitupulu; Deola Agnes Nadeak; Iis Siti Jahro
SAKOLA: Journal of Sains Cooperative Learning and Law Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : CV. Rayyan Dwi Bharata

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57235/sakola.v3i1.8264

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan mensintesis dan mengkarakterisasi senyawa kompleks Cu(NH₃)₂Cl₂. Sintesis dilakukan melalui reaksi CuCl₂·2H₂O dengan NH₃ 6 M. Proses sintesis meliputi pelarutan CuCl₂·2H₂O dalam air suling, penambahan bertahap NH₃, kristalisasi melalui penguapan dan penambahan etanol, serta pemisahan dan pengeringan kristal. Karakterisasi menggunakan uji pengendapan AgNO₃ untuk memverifikasi keberadaan ion Cl⁻. Diperoleh kristal biru kehijauan seberat 0,66 gram dengan rendemen 39,29% dari massa teoritis 1,68 gram. Transisi warna dari biru tua ke biru pekat dijelaskan oleh Teori Medan Kristal (CFT), di mana perbedaan ligan NH₃ dan H₂O menyebabkan variasi pemisahan energi orbital d, sehingga mengubah panjang gelombang cahaya yang diserap ion Cu²⁺. Uji AgNO₃ memvalidasi keberadaan ion Cl⁻ dalam struktur kompleks, mengonfirmasi keberhasilan sintesis. Penelitian ini memberikan data penting mengenai teknik sintesis dan sifat fisikokimia kompleks Cu(NH₃)₂Cl₂.
Analisis Perkembangan dan Inovasi Senyawa Kompleks sebagai Agen Terapeutik dan Diagnostik dalam Kedokteran Meli Sartika Silaban; Iis Siti Jahro
INSOLOGI: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Vol. 4 No. 5 (2025): Oktober 2025
Publisher : Yayasan Literasi Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55123/insologi.v4i5.6498

Abstract

Research advances in coordination chemistry have opened up significant opportunities for the development of complex compounds as therapeutic and diagnostic agents in medicine. This literature review aims to examine several important innovations that are beneficial in chemical and medical knowledge literacy, especially the literacy of cancer therapy applications using platinum, gold, ruthenium, gadolinium, technetium, and bismuth derivatives that have developed into first-line treatments for internal organ cancers such as ovarian, testicular, gastric, and lung cancer. The method used is descriptive qualitative research utilizing international journals and textbooks to support the literature review. The results of the study show the study of the use of metal-based compounds such as platinum, ruthenium, gold, bismuth, technetium, and gadolinium with broad potential, both as chemotherapeutic agents, anti-inflammatory, radiotherapy, and medical imaging contrast agents. This review discusses various procedures for the synthesis of these complex compounds and challenges such as drug resistance, toxicity, and limited bioavailability that remain major obstacles in their application. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the synthesis of complex compounds using innovative ligands that can increase selectivity, reduce toxicity, and improve bioavailability. Based on the results of the literature review, it was concluded that the integration of nanotechnology and coordination chemistry is recommended to improve therapeutic and diagnostic effects in medicine.
OPTIMALISASI PERAN KARANG TARUNA MELALUI PENGEMBANGAN WISATA EDUKASI BERBASIS ECOLOGICAL CITIZENSHIP DI DESA SELEMAK Dharma, Surya; Perangin-angin, Reh Bungana Beru; Sinaga, Osberth; Putra, Mulhady; Jahro, Iis Siti; Junaidi, Junaidi
Kumawula: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Vol 9, No 2 (2026): Kumawula: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/kumawula.v9i2.65535

Abstract

Selemak Village faces a serious environmental issue due to high levels of pollution caused by unmanaged goat farming waste. In response to this problem, a community empowerment program was implemented by providing assistance to the local youth organization (Karang Taruna) in developing educational tourism based on the concept of ecological citizenship. The method used in this program was Participatory Action Research (PAR), which was carried out in three stages. The Preparation Stage involved: (1) program planning, (2) focus group discussions (FGDs), and (3) community service socialization. The Implementation Stage included: (1) livestock pen construction training, (2) educational tourism development assistance, and (3) ongoing mentoring. The Evaluation Stage comprised: (1) a pre-test and (2) a post-test. The results show that this program successfully optimized the role of Karang Taruna in Selemak Village through training in processing goat manure into organic fertilizer. The activities were conducted using a participatory approach through educational sessions, technical guidance, and hands-on field practice. Participants demonstrated high enthusiasm and active engagement throughout the entire program. Evaluation through pre-tests and post-tests, analyzed using a paired-samples t-test, showed a significant improvement, with a p-value of < 0.001. These findings indicate that the program effectively enhanced participants' understanding and skills in waste management based on the principles of ecological citizenship.  Desa Selemak mengalami permasalah dalam tingginya tingkat pencemaran lingkungan akibat limbah ternak kambing yang tidak terkelola dengan baik. Maka berdasarkan permasalahan yang dihadapi dilakukan kegiatan Pendampingan kepada Karang taruna dalam pengembangan wisata edukasi berbasis Ecological citizenship. Metode kegiatan menggunakan Participatory Action Research dengan alur kegiatan yaitu Tahap Persiapan melibatkan: (1) Perencanaan Pelaksanaan, (2) Focus Group Discusion, dan (3) Sosialiasi PKM. Tahap Pelaksanaan terdiri atas: (1) Pelatihan Pembuatan Kandang, (2) Pendampingan Pengembangan Wisata, dan (3) Mentoring. Tahap Evaluasi terdiri atas: (1) Pre-test, (2) Post-test. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa Program ini berhasil mengoptimalkan peran Karang Taruna Desa Selemak melalui pelatihan pengolahan limbah kohe kambing menjadi pupuk kandang organik. Kegiatan dilakukan secara partisipatif melalui sosialisasi, pendampingan teknis, dan praktik lapangan. Peserta menunjukkan antusiasme tinggi dan keterlibatan aktif dalam seluruh rangkaian kegiatan. Hasil evaluasi pretest dan posttest yang dianalisis dengan paired sample t-test menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan, dengan nilai signifikansi < 0,001. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa program pendampingan efektif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan peserta dalam pengelolaan limbah berbasis prinsip Ecological citizenship.
DEVELOPMENT OF INTERACTIVE E-LKPD BASED ON THE R2L METHOD TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ HOTS SCIENCE LITERACY Silvia Gressiela Br Sembiring; Iis Siti Jahro
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jssr.v8i2.2996

Abstract

Abstract: This research aims to find out data and information about students' needs of Interactive e-LKPD based on the Reading to Learn (R2L) method to improve Students’ HOTS Science Literacy on Reaction Rates; to find out data and information on the level of interactive feasibility of E-LKPD developed; to determine the influence of the interactive implementation of E-LKPD; to determine the level of effectiveness of interactive E-LKPD. This investigation employs a 4D model methodology. Based on questionnaire results 88.2% students’ needs to E-LKPD based on R2L Method. Based on four material expert validators, it was determined that 4.32 of the material had a very valid or feasible, while 87.40% of student responses were rated as "very interesting." There is an influence in the use of E-LKPD with R2L method with a significance result of 0.000 <0.05. The level of effectiveness of E-LKPD is classified at the medium level with the N-Gain results obtained of 0.48. From these results it is concluded that the E-LKPD based on R2L Method can increase students' HOTS Science Literacy in the medium category. Keywords: E-LKPD, HOTS, Reaction Rates. Reading to Learn, Science Literacy Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui data dan informasi tentang kebutuhan siswa terhadap e-LKPD Interaktif berbasis metode Reading to Learn (R2L) untuk meningkatkan Literasi HOTS IPA Siswa pada materi Laju Reaksi; mengetahui data dan informasi tentang tingkat kelayakan interaktif E-LKPD yang dikembangkan; mengetahui pengaruh penerapan interaktif E-LKPD; mengetahui tingkat efektivitas E-LKPD interaktif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi model 4D. Berdasarkan hasil angket, 88,2% kebutuhan siswa terhadap E-LKPD berbasis Metode R2L terpenuhi. Berdasarkan empat validator ahli materi, ditetapkan bahwa 4,32 materi memiliki nilai sangat valid atau layak, sedangkan 87,40% respon siswa dinilai "sangat menarik". Terdapat pengaruh dalam penggunaan E-LKPD dengan metode R2L dengan hasil signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05. Tingkat efektivitas E-LKPD tergolong sedang dengan hasil N-Gain yang diperoleh sebesar 0,48. Dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa E-LKPD berbasis Metode R2L dapat meningkatkan Literasi IPA HOTS siswa pada kategori sedang. Kata Kunci: E-LKPD, HOTS, Laju Reaksi, Membaca untuk Belajar, Literasi IPA
DEVELOPMENT OF E-LKPD BASED (R2L) TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ HOTS SCIENCE LITERACY SKILLS Kurnia Wati Br Bangun; Iis Siti Jahro
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jssr.v8i2.3062

Abstract

Abstract: Science literacy is the one very important skill that students must have. Students' ability to read is still classified as low. This reflects that level of higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) in scientific literacy has not been adequately developed. This research used kinds of development known as R&D (Research and Development) research. The product developed that is Interactive E-LKPD based on the R2L method on chemical equilibrium material. The result of need analysis that has been carried out state requires Interactive E-LKPD based on Reading to Learn (R2L) on chemical equilibrium material to increase HOTS Literacy students get data 100% students agree that using the interactive E-LKPD based on Reading to Learn (R2L) to be developed as a learning support. It was found that very feasible to used Sig <0.05, therefore Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. Result give an interactive influence of E-LKPD based on Reading to Learn (R2L) on chemical equilibrium material on student learning outcomes and shows a increase in students' HOTS Science Literacy abilities also E-LKPD suitable to used. Keywords: Interactive E-LKPD, HOTS Ability, Literacy, R2L
PEMANFAATAN MATERIAL BIOMASSA DAN LIMBAH INDUSTRI SEBAGAI ADSORBEN RAMAH LINGKUNGAN UNTUK PENURUNAN KADAR ION CD(II) DAN ZN(II) DALAM LIMBAH CAIR Iis Siti Jahro; Aulya Nurfaza Br. Tarigan; Elsa Elperida Pandiangan; Regina Tesalonika Silaban; Theresya Yolanda Kembaren; Vanessa Putri Rizky Simanullang
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol. 8 No. 4 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jssr.v8i4.4939

Abstract

Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of utilizing biomass and industrial waste materials as environmentally friendly adsorbents in reducing the levels of heavy metal ions Cd(II) and Zn(II) in industrial wastewater. The research sample was a synthetic waste solution with a metal concentration of 10–100 ppm as a model population. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling on four types of adsorbents, namely SCOBY, EDTA-activated teak wood powder, modified fly ash, and iron-magnesium waste. Data were collected through laboratory experiments with metal content measurements using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Data analysis included Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm methods, as well as pseudo-first and second-order adsorption kinetics models to understand the adsorption mechanism. The results showed that ironmagnesium waste was able to reduce Cd(II) and Zn(II) levels by more than 99%, followed by fly ash and SCOBY biomass with significant efficiency. This study demonstrates the great potential of sustainable adsorbent materials that support the principles of a circular economy and more environmentally friendly waste management solutions. It is recommended to develop industrial scale applications to support the Sustainable Development Goals in the field of providing clean water and proper sanitation.Keyword: Environmentally Friendly Adsorbent, Biomass, Industrial Waste, Heavy Metal Ions, Cd(II), Zn(II) Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas pemanfaatan material biomassa dan limbah industri sebagai adsorben ramah lingkungan dalam menurunkan kadar ion logam berat Cd(II) dan Zn(II) dalam limbah cair industri. Sampel penelitian berupa larutan limbah sintetik dengan konsentrasi logam 10–100 ppm sebagai populasi model. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling pada empat jenis adsorben, yaitu SCOBY, serbuk kayu jati teraktivasi EDTA, fly ash termodifikasi, dan limbah besi-magnesium. Data dikumpulkan melalui eksperimen laboratorium dengan pengukuran kadar logam menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Analisis data meliputi metode isoterm Langmuir dan Freundlich, serta model kinetika adsorpsi pseudo-orde satu dan dua untuk memahami mekanisme penyerapan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa limbah besi-magnesium mampu menurunkan kadar Cd(II) dan Zn(II) hingga lebih dari 99%, diikuti oleh fly ash dan biomassa SCOBY dengan efisiensi yang signifikan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan potensi besar material adsorben berkelanjutan yang mendukung prinsip ekonomi sirkular dan solusi pengelolaan limbah yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Disarankan pengembangan skala aplikasi industri guna mendukung tujuan Sustainable Development Goals pada bidang penyediaan air bersih dan sanitasi layak.Kata kunci: Adsorben Ramah Lingkungan, Biomassa, Limbah Industri, Ion Logam Berat, Cd(II), Zn(II)
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI SENYAWA ION PERAK KLORIDA (AgCl) MELALUI REAKSI PRESIPITASI DAN ANALISIS SIFAT KELARUTAN Iis Siti Jahro; Meyla Isnaini Sitorus; Mery Juana; Muhammad Ade Ikhsani; Sartika Mahdalena Pasaribu
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jssr.v9i2.6111

Abstract

Abstract: This study is based on the importance of understanding precipitation reactions, solubility, and the characteristics of ionic compounds through laboratory experiments. The aim of this research is to synthesize silver chloride (AgCl) via a precipitation reaction, observe the physical characteristics of the resulting precipitate, and examine its solubility in water. The method applied was an experimental approach by mixing 0.01 M AgNO? and NaCl solutions, followed by filtration, drying, and weighing to obtain the experimental mass as well as to calculate the theoretical mass and percentage error. The results indicated the formation of a white AgCl precipitate with a mass of 0.26 grams. The precipitate showed a slight purplish discoloration after exposure to light, indicating its photosensitive nature. The solubility test revealed that AgCl is insoluble in water. The percentage error was found to be 27.8%, which may be attributed to incomplete drying, the presence of impurities, and inaccuracies during filtration and weighing processes. Future studies are recommended to ensure complete drying until constant mass is achieved, reduce contamination, and improve precision in each experimental step to obtain more accurate results.   Keywords: Precipitation, Silver Chloride (AgCl), Solubility, Gravimetry, Photosensitive   Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pentingnya pemahaman konsep reaksi presipitasi, kelarutan, dan karakteristik senyawa ionik melalui kegiatan eksperimen laboratorium. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mensintesis senyawa perak klorida (AgCl) melalui reaksi presipitasi, mengkarakterisasi sifat fisik yang terbentuk, serta menganalisis sifat kelarutannya dalam air. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan mencampurkan larutan AgNO? dan NaCl masing-masing 0,01 M, dilanjutkan dengan proses filtrasi, pengeringan, dan penimbangan untuk menentukan massa hasil serta menghitung massa teoritis dan persen kesalahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terbentuknya endapan putih AgCl dengan massa sebesar 0,26 gram yang kemudian mengalami perubahan warna menjadi keunguan akibat pengaruh cahaya (sifat fotosensitif). Uji kelarutan menunjukkan bahwa AgCl tidak larut dalam air. Persen kesalahan yang diperoleh sebesar 27,8% yang disebabkan oleh faktor pengeringan yang belum optimal, adanya pengotor, serta kesalahan dalam proses penyaringan dan penimbangan. Disarankan bagi peneliti selanjutnya untuk meningkatkan ketelitian dalam proses pengeringan hingga mencapai massa konstan, meminimalkan kontaminasi, serta menggunakan teknik pemurnian yang lebih baik agar diperoleh hasil yang lebih akurat.   Kata kunci: Presipitasi, Perak Klorida (AgCl), Kelarutan, Gravimetri, Fotosensitif
Co-Authors Adelia Yesya Putri Hasibuan Agnes Yuniarty Simbolon Aisyah Harahap Aldo Geo Frengky Saragih Amalia, Meisya Amanda Riani Hutagalung Anggun Maharani Ani Sutiani Ani Sutiani Anisa Nursalsabillah Nasution Anjany Tasya Br Tarigan Annisa Rahayu Annisa Rahayu Ardiansyah Ardiansyah Arpah Rangkuti Asep Wahyu Nugraha Asep Wahyu Nugraha Aulianti, Dita Aulya Nurfaza Br. Tarigan Ayi Darmana Ayi Darmana Ayi Darmana, Ayi Az Zahra, Salwa Banu Nursanni Bohari M. Yamin Bohari M. Yamin Br Bangun, Kurnia Wati Catur Kurniawan Christin Angeline Laia CINDY CINDY Daeli, Dinastini Damanik, Haryana Debora Putri Sitorus Debora Putri Sitorus Deka Agustini Laia Delima Sianturi Delima Sianturi Deola Agnes Nadeak Dermawati Napitupulu Desri Berliana Daeli Djulia Onggo Djulia Onggo Djulia Onggo Dwi Rahmanisa Dwiyanda, Fadhilla Efrida Handayani Marpaung Efrio Angelina Sitio Eli Ester Pangaribuan Elit Manaman Gulo Elsa Elperida Pandiangan Esther Jacoba Martha Vertelman Fadhila, Nabila Nur Fadhilla Dwiyanda Fahimah Martak Fitria Febrianti, Fitria Gavril Orlando Tumio Manalu Grace Serephita Gracemon Aprilia Purba Gurning, Mita Agresia Halim Simatupang HANISAH HASIBUAN Harahap, Dhini Haryati Hotma Br Butar Butar Hutagalung, Tien Parsaulian Hutagaol, Rahul Intan Ayu Safitri Intan Fahira Yuzan Ismunandar Ismunandar . Ismunandar Ismu Izwani, Putri Khairi Jasmidi Jasmidi Jasmidi Jasmidi Jasmidi Junaidi Junaidi Juwitaningsih, Tita Kembaren, Theresya Yolanda Khuzaimah Dasopang Kristian Turnip Kurnia Wati Br Bangun MANIK, INDA WATI Marham Sitorus Meli Sartika Silaban Mery Juana Meyla Isnaini Sitorus Moondra Zubir Muhammad Ade Ikhsani Muhammad Isa Siregar Muhammad Nizam Murniaty Simorangkir Mutia Patmasari Batubara Nasution, Anisa Nursalsabillah Nasution, Rida Anastasia Nazwa Asti Azura Nazwa Ramadhani Nazwa Syahwana Nikita Ananda Limbong Nikita, Ade Rani Nuraini Natasya Nurfajriani Nurfajriani Nursanni, Banu Osberth Sinaga Pandiangan, Elsa Elperida Panjaitan, Nola Sari Perangin-angin, Reh Bungana Beru Petra van Koningsbruggen Pratama, Muhammad Rizky Putra, Mulhady Putri Faradilla Putri Rizkia, Putri Putri Yustika Sary Rabiah Afifah Daulay Rafida Khairani Rafidah Almira Samosir Ratu Evina Dibyantini Ratu Evina Dibyantini Regina Gresella Br Panjaitan Regina Tesalonika Silaban Retno Dwi Suyanti Ridha Salsabilah Rina Syadilla Ririn Denita Sinaga Riyanda Syahfitri Rode Juwita Sinaga Said, Fahrezi Hasyim Saragih, Innovayani Sarnika Simbolon Sartika Mahdalena Pasaribu Sary, Putri Yustika SATI, NAFFA Sembiring, Niki Arih Ersada Br Sembiring, Silvia Gressiela Br Siahaan, Suria Bersinar Sihombing, Cindy Monalisa Silaban, Regina Tesalonika Silvia Gressiela Br Sembiring SIMANJUNTAK, PUTRINA Simanullang, Selafionita Simanullang, Vanessa Putri Rizky Simaremare, Happy G. Maritoma Simatupang, Septania Oniza Sinaga, Steven Siregar, Eka Guspi Anti Sitorus, Francisca T. A Situmorang, Elsa Hasri Novensa Sri Adelia Sari Surya Dharma Suryani Suryani Suryani Suryani Susanto Imam Rahayu Susanto Imam Rahayu Sutiani, Ani Syafira, Eka Ananda Syafitri, Amelia Syafriani Syafriani, Syafriani Syahputra, Ricky Andi Tama, Gita Citra Tania Evelin Tarigan, Aulya Nurfaza Br. Theresya Yolanda Kembaren Vanessa Putri Rizky Simanullang Vebilla May Ningsih Veronika, Christy Chirona Vincencia Friandini Sagala Vrili Coirala Rama Uli Br Siregar Windayani, Neneng Wiranda Hasibuan Wiranda Hasibuan