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Comparison Study of Neighborhood Structures in Local Search for Vehicle Routing Problem with Multiple Trips and Time Windows Kenaka, Saskia Puspa; Suprayogi, Suprayogi
Jurnal Teknik Industri: Jurnal Keilmuan dan Aplikasi Teknik Industri Vol. 23 No. 2 (2021): Dec 2021
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/jti.23.2.161-170

Abstract

This paper deals with the vehicle routing problem with multiple trips and time windows (VRPMTTW). The problem combines two features to the basic vehicle routing problem (VRP): multiple trips and time windows. The basic VRP and its variants fall into hard combinatorial optimization problems. Therefore, many heuristics have been developed to solve large problems. Local search (LS) is one of the heuristics using a neighborhood structure in order to find a better solution. This paper focuses on the comparative study of neighborhood structures applied in LS for the VRPMTTW. Two classes of neighborhood structures are compared: Tour-based and permutation-based neighborhood structures. The tour-based neighborhood structures are the neighborhoods in which the moves are performed on the solution represented by a set of tours. The permutation-based neighborhood structures are the neighborhood structures in which the moves are carried out on the solution represented by a permutation of customers. Comparing the performance of the neighborhood structures uses two responses: (1) relative improvement in the objective function value and (2) computation time. The first response is used to measure effectiveness, while the second is used as efficiency. Based on the computational experiment results, it is generally revealed that the permutation-based neighborhood structures used in LS are more effective than the tour-based neighbourhood structures. However, the permutation-based neighborhood structures are less efficient because they give higher computation times.
Dynamics of nicotine accumulation in Madura tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.): Effects of plant age and leaf position Hidayati, Bhekti Ayu; Setiyawan, Hendrix Yulis; Pranowo, Dodyk; Dewanti, Beauty Suestining Diyah; Suprayogi, Suprayogi
Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering (AFSSAAE) Vol 9, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering (AFSSAAE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.afssaae.2026.009.02.10

Abstract

Nicotine is the primary alkaloid in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), playing a significant role in determining tobacco quality. The Madura variety (Prancak 95) is highly adaptable to dryland conditions, making it suitable for studying the dynamics and rate of nicotine formation at different growth stages and leaf positions. This study aimed to measure nicotine content in Madura tobacco leaves based on plant age and leaf position and to determine its formation rate between growth phases. The experiment employed a randomized block design (RBD) with a factorial pattern, comprising plant age (i.e., 25, 40, 55, 70, and 85 days after transplanting/DAT) and leaf position (i.e., lower, middle, and upper) in three replications. Nicotine content was analyzed using the acidimetric titration method (SNI 01-7134-2006), and the formation rate was calculated as the difference in nicotine content between growth stages divided by the time interval. Results showed that nicotine content increased from 1.24% (25 DAT) to 2.72% (85 DAT). Average nicotine contents were 2.43% (upper), 1.86% (middle), and 1.64% (lower leaves). At 85 DAT, the upper leaves contained about 43% more nicotine than that of the lower leaves. The highest rate of nicotine formation occurred at 70–85 DAT.
Co-Authors A. Hakim Halim Abdul Latif Abu Bakar Sambah, Abu Bakar Adi Surya, Yuda Agus Riyanto agustian, irwan Agustina, Feri Ahmad Fauzan, Sayed Ahmad S. Indrapriyatna Alfrisa, Bagus Amaliyah Rohsari Indah Utami Amelia Santoso Andan Linggar Rucitra Angelia, Ervina Wiedyasta Anthon Efani Ardesis, Yoana Ardhya Maharani, Shinta Aris Munandar Aris Siswanto Asep Awaludin Prihanto Asep Suhendi Asfi Manzilati Auliarachman, Reivica Avianto, Luthfi Wigi Avisenna, Hikmat Bambang Sumajudin Beauty Suestining Diyah Dewanti Berliana Putri, Azalea Bermawi P. Iskandar Cahaya Jatmoko Camelia, Camelia Daffarel, Rakyan Choiruna Dhita Morita Ikasari Dian Puspita Dodyk Pranowo Dudi Darmawan Dwi Arman Prasetya Dwi Indriastuti, Dwi Dwi Jalu, Arga Dwi Prasetyo, Ega Dwiwahju Sasongko Dyah Susanti E.F. Sri Maryani Santoso Eko Hari Rachmawanto Eko Wahyu Jamaluddin, Eko Wahyu El Afwa, Muthia Endah Rahayu L. Eni Rahmawati Eva Riantika Ratna Palupi Fadhilah, Umi Faizatiwahida, Novia Fajar, Nanda Kurnia Ferdinand, Julius Firdausyi, Izzati Ardhan Firstania, Aurellia Gandhatyasri Rohmah, Wendra Hamonang Sigalingging, Hamonang Hanafiah, Yusuf Harianja, Ricky Hedriyanto, Novi Helza Risdianti Hemu, Viky Noviani Heru Lestiawan Hery Ramdhani, Hery Hidayati, Bhekti Ayu Hirmaleny, Yenny Holiawati, Holiawati Huang, Felicia Hurmuzi, Erik Roma Ibnu Syabri Indra Chandra Indra Gilang Pamungkas Irnu, Julfilkar Adnan Isdaryanto, Noorochmat Ismail, Khosid Mahendra Iswanto, Dian Sasmita Jaelani, Jaelani Kenaka, Saskia Puspa Khairany, Rahma Khan, Shana Makhmood Kherani, Evi Khoirot, Risyda Ma'rifatul Kusuma, Happy Indah Laksmi, Anasya Arsita Lestari, Eta Yuni Linggar Rucitra, Andan Lisdayani, Fika Lisye Fitria Mochamad Verza, Mochamad Morita Ikasari, Dhita Mubarak, Luthfi Rizqi Muhammad Syamsul Hadi, Muhammad Syamsul Muzayyanah, Nur Indah Nachrowie, Nachrowie Nareswari, Bernardia Filia Nimas Mayang sabrina, Nimas Mayang Novanti, Elza Aqilla Noviani Hemu, Viky Nugroho, Kristianto Dwi Nur Aziza, Nadya Lulu Nur Bahagia, Senator Nur Hidayat Nurdiansyah, Isnan Oktaviani, Adellia Rizki One, Ferdyandika Putra Aprilia Paillin, Daniel Bunga Parikesit, Bonifasius Santiko Pelu, Muhammad Rijali Sukur Permana, Muhamad Arif Permatasari, Berlintina Ponendi Hidayat Pranoto, Budi Eko Putra, Ivan Arfiansyah Putri, Ni Kadek Devi Adnyaswari Rachmawati, Lulu Millatina Rafi Achmad Rukhama Rafi'uddin, Hafidz Rasyid, Tazlila Rahmi Riska Septifani Saadah, Risma Amalia Sabrina Sunyoto, Nimas Mayang Safaraz, Mohammad Bhampy Nugraha Salsabila, Dianah Samanik, Samanik Saputro, Fakhri Rasyid Saragih, Nova Sari, Puspita Ambar Senator Nur Bahagia Setiyawan, Hendrix Yulis Setyobudi, Hari Sihombing, Gian Felix Sihombing, Paulus Osvaldo Yudistira Sinaga, Daurat Sitorus, Andreas Robert Panogu Solichul Huda, Solichul Sri Hartutik SRI SETIYARINI, SRI Sugara, Guruh Sugiyono Sugiyono Sulistyawati Kumalasari, Sulistyawati Suripto Suripto Susy Susanty Suwandi Suwandi Syamsul Hadi, Mochammad Tampubolon, Josua Suhendra Thaddeus, Yudi Toha, Muhamad Totok Agung Dwi Haryanto Tri Widayanti, Vindhya Trianto, Adden Triatmojo, Setyo Tunggulgeni, Ekodjati Ulhaq, Afif Langgeng Dhiya Valentine Valentine, Valentine Wahyudi, Purnomo Waskito, Arga Gladi Wendra Gandhatyasri Rohmah Wijaya, Uki Budi Wijaya Winda, Syahdu Wiratomo, Giri Harto Yudithadewi, Dien Yusuf Priyandari Zaharany, Tsania Ayu Zahra, Indri Eliza Zulismar, Reni