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All Journal Saintika Medika: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan dan Kedokteran Keluarga. Jurnal Sistem Kesehatan Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Indonesian Journal of Medicine Journal of Health Policy and Management Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Journal of Maternal and Child Health Jurnal Kesehatan Islam : Islamic Health Journal
Didik Tamtomo, Didik
Bagian Anatomi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Utilization of Health Insurance for Outpatient in the Community: A Meta-Analysis Nagaring, Sulaiman Putra; Murti, Bhisma; Tamtomo, Didik
Journal of Health Policy and Management Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (31.846 KB)

Abstract

Background: Health insurance is the answer to the uncertainty of the occurrence of illness and the need for health services. To ensure that the need for health services can be adequately financed, a person or small group of people transfers risk to another party called an insurer/insurer, or an insurance agency.Subjects and Method: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis conducted with PRISMA flow diagrams. Search articles through journal databases including: Google Scholar, MEDLINE/ PubMed, Science Direct and Spinger Link by selecting articles published in 2000-2021 The keywords used are “health care”AND “outpatient” OR “insurance” AND “private health insurance” AND “outpatient” OR “health insurance” AND “private health insurance” AND “utilization of public health care” AND “inpatient service” AND “outpatient service” AND “logistic regression aOR”. The inclusion criteria were full paper articles with retrospective study cohort research methods, the analysis used was multivariate with adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR), the intervention provided was health insurance, the research subjects were private health insurance users. Eligible articles were analyzed using the RevMan 5.3 application.Results: A meta-analysis of 9 articles showed that people with private health insurance were 1.98 times more likely to use outpatient services than those without health insurance, and the effect was statistically significant (aOR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.39 to 2.81; p<0.001).Conclusion: The use of private health insurance has a statistically significant effect in increasing outpatient use.Keywords: health insurance, private health insurance, outpatient, meta analysis.Correspondence: Sulaiman Putra Nagaring. Masters Program in Public Health. Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: sulaimanputran@gmail.com Mobile: 085855533027Journal of Health Policy and Management, (2022), 07(02): 158-165https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpm.2022.07.02.07 
Meta Analysis Effects of Completeness of Laboratory Tests and Medicine Supplies on Patient’s Satisfaction Level in Hospital Ningtyas, Ayunda Prisilia Kusuma; Tamtomo, Didik; Prasetya, Hanung
Journal of Health Policy and Management Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpm.2024.09.01.07

Abstract

Background: Satisfaction is a feeling that arises when someone gets a service, this feeling can be in the form of pleasure or disappointment. Service satisfaction at the hospital is very dependent on the patient, if the patient receives poor service then the patient tends to be dissatisfied with the service he gets, so that it can affect the quality of the hospital. This study aimed to analyze the effects of the completeness of laboratory tests and drugs availability on the patient satisfaction in hospital. Subjects and Method: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis with PICO model. Popu­la­tion: patients visiting the hospital. Intervention: completeness of laboratory tests and drug availability. Comparison: incomplete labo­ra­tory tests and no drugs available. Outcome: patient satisfaction. Data collection from databases Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Spinger Link. The in­clusion criteria used were full papers, cross sectional study, using English language, and published during 2012 and 2022. The keywords used are “Patient Satisfaction level” OR “Patient Satisfaction” AND “Hospital service” AND “Cross sectional”. Articles were analyzed using RevMan 5.3. Results: Meta-analysis included 14 cross-sectional studies. The completeness of the laboratory test (aOR= 2.19; 95% CI= 1.49 to 3.21; p= 0.001) and drug availability (aOR=2.41; 95% CI=1.15 to 5.03; p= 0.002) increased patient satisfaction. Conclusion: Completeness of laboratory tests and drug availability increase patient satisfaction. Keywords: completeness of laboratory tests, drug availability. Correspondence: Ayunda Prisilia Kusuma Ningtyas. Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret.Jl Ir Sutami no 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email : ayunda.prisilia@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281328520526
Effectiveness of Telemedicine to Improve Drug Taking Adherence in Tuberculosis Patients: Meta-Analysis Rahayuningsih, Lilik Anggar Sri; Tamtomo, Didik; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Health Policy and Management Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpm.2024.09.01.02

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis is a disease caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis which usually attacks the lungs, but TB bacteria can attack any part of the body such as the kidneys, spine and brain. TB treatment must be carried out regularly so that it can be declared cured so it is necessary to monitor the patient's medication intake, namely by using telemedicine. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the use of telemedicine in tuberculosis patients to increase treatment adherence. Subjects and Method: Meta-analysis was carried out using PICO as follows: The population in this study was tuberculosis patients. Intervention in the form of the use of telemedicine. Comparison is not using telemedicine. The outcome is an increase in medication adherence. A meta-analytic study was applied to this study with electronic data sources: Google Scholar, MEDLINE/PubMed, Science Direct and web of science. The article used is a full-text article with a Randomized Control Trial (RCT) study design. There are 6 articles used in this study which were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application. Results: A total of 6 articles with Randomized Control Trial (RCT) studies from Malaysia, Peru, Cameroon, China and Ethiopia showed that the use of telemedicine is effective for increasing treatment adherence in tuberculosis patients, and the effect is statistically significant (aOR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.53 to 2.55; p<0.001).Conclusion: The use of telemedicine is effective in increasing medication adherence in tuberculosis patients. Keywords: telemedicine, tuberculosis, medication adherence Correspondence: Lilik Anggar Sri Rahayuningsih. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: lilikanggar@gmail.com Mobile: +6285647587323
Analysis of Formation and Implementation of Health Promotion Programs at Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta Kusumawardani, Dyah Ayu; Tamtomo, Didik; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Health Policy and Management Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpm.2024.09.02.04

Abstract

Background: Health promotion needs to be given in hospitals even though the hospital is engaged in curative and rehabilitative fields. The area of preventive and curative that differentiates is the target. The preventive sector targets healthy people, while the curative sector targets patients and their families and health care workers. Health promotion in hospitals also seeks to prevent the patient's family from getting the same disease as what happened to the patient. The purpose of this study is to analyze the formation and implementation of health promotion programs at Dr. Moewardi Regional Public Hospital Surakarta. Subjects and Method: Qualitative study using in-depth interviews. Interviews were conducted at the regional general hospital Dr. Moewardi, Surakarta, Indonesia in January to March 2023. Interviews were conducted with 2 main informants who were PKRS committee secretaries who were the Head of Public Relations and Marketing Head, 6 regular informants, and 4 additional informants who were randomly selected and were the targets of PKRS activities. The variables in this study are input, process, and output. The data is processed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions and source triangulation. Results: Hospital Health Promotion activities already have job descriptions and are carried out according to SOPs. The process in this study before the activity started was always planned, when the activity started, the team was involved but there was no supervision by the Hospital Health Promotion Committee and evaluations were always held. The output of this study is that the Hospital Health Promotion activities carried out are in accordance with the letter of assignment formed and are in accordance with the SOP and this is a reference for Hospital Health Promotion activities in the future.. Conclusion: The findings from this study are that Hospital Health Promotion at Dr. Moewardi Regional Public Hospital has been going well and is routinely carried out, but the human resources involved for Hospital Health Promotion activities are still lacking even though everything is in accordance with the operational plan formed. Keywords: analysis, health promotion, system theory Correspondence: Dyah Ayu Kusumawardani. Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email:dyahayuksma96@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281466847498
Factors Associated with Readiness to Adopt Electronic Health Record in Professional Health Workers: A Meta-Analysis Wibawa, Purwa Adrianta; Tamtomo, Didik; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Health Policy and Management Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpm.2024.09.01.10

Abstract

Background: The application of an electronic health record at a health service center is something that needs to be prepared so that such a system can be successful. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the readiness of EHR adoption among health professionals. Subject and Method: This systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out using the PRISMA guidelines and the PICO model: Population: professional health workers, intervention: computer literate, computer access, high perceived benefit, high self-efficacy, EHR training, technical assistance, comparison: no computer literacy, no computer access, no perceived benefit, low self-efficacy, no EHR training, no technical assistance, outcome: readiness to adopt EHR. Articles are collected from databases like Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science Direct. The keywords used are "electronic health record" OR “EHR” OR “electronic medical record” OR “EMR” OR “electronic patient record” OR “EPR” AND “adoption” OR “readiness” AND “EHR implementation” AND “healthcare professionals “AND “Multivariate analysis”. A total of 13 articles met the inclusion criteria, namely full text articles with a cross-sectional study design, with a relationship size adjusted odds ratio (aOR). Data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3. Result: Meta-analyses from Myanmar, Saudi Arabia, Ghana, Ethiopia, the Netherlands, and the United States showed that computer literacy (aOR= 1.67; CI 95%= 1.29 to 2.16; p< 0.001), computer access (aOR= 1.93; CI 95%= 1.41 to 2.64; p< 0.001), perceived benefit (aOR= 3.21; CI 95%= 2.27 to 4.56; p< 0.001), self-efficacy (aOR= 1.94; CI 95%= 1.37 to 2.75; p< 0.001), HER training (aOR= 2.20; CI 95%= 1.58 to 3.06; p< 0.001), and technical assistance (aOR= 2.34; CI 95%= 1.26 to 4.35; p= 0.007) influenced in the readiness of EHR adoption in health professionals and it was statistically significant. Conclusion: Good computer literacy, computer access, high perceived benefits, high self-efficacy, EHR training, and technical support increased the readiness for EHR adoption among professional health workers. Keywords: electronic health record, EHR, medical records, health services, professional health workers. Correspondence: Purwa Adrianta Wibawa. Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java 57126, Indonesia. Email: purwaadrianta@gmail.com. Mobile: +62 821-3269-7209.
Analysis of Factors Associated with Work Performance of Inpatient Nurse in Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia Andreza; Tamtomo, Didik; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Health Policy and Management Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpm.2024.09.01.06

Abstract

Background: Hospital is a health service institution that provides complete individual health services. The success of a hospital is determined by the performance of its employees. To improve the quality of health services, nurses who are reliable and have good performance are needed. Good nurse performance is expected to have a positive impact on organizational performance, in this case, the hospital itself. This study aims to identify and analyze the factors that influence nurse performance. Subjects and Methodes: The study design used descriptive analytic using a cross sectional approach. Study location at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Central General Hospital Makassar in March 2023. Subjects were 272 nurses in the Inpatient Room. Quantitative data analysis, namely univariate, bivariate and path analysis. Results: Motivation affects nurse performance (b = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.55 to 0.72; p < 0.001). Job satisfaction affects nurse performance (b = 0.20; 95% CI = 0.30 to 0.30; p < 0.001). Discipline affects nurse performance (b = 0.11; 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.23; p = 0.049). Motivation has an effect on discipline (b = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.39 to 0.53; p < 0.001). Job satisfaction affects discipline (b = 0.30; 95% CI = 0.21 to 0.39; p < 0.001). Leadership effect on discipline (b = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.21 to 0.35; p < 0.001). Motivation has an effect on job satisfaction (b = 0.31; 95% CI = 0.24 to 0.38; p < 0.001). Stress has an effect on job satisfaction (b = 0.06; 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.12; p = 0.036). Leadership influences job satisfaction (b = 0.21; 95% CI = 0.15 to 0.29; p < 0.001). Work environment influences job satisfaction (b = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.45 to 0.59; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Nurse performance is influenced by motivation, work discipline, work stress, job satisfaction, leadership, and work environment. Keywords: Motivation, discipline, work stress, job satisfaction, leadership, work environment, nurse performance Correspondence: Andreza. Master’s Program in Public Health, Graduate School, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl Ir. Sutami 36 A Kentingan Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Email : Andrezafauzialghifary@gmail.com. Mobile: 085299015320.
Meta Analysis: Patient’s Satisfaction with the Outpatient’s Telemedicine Service Putri, Farahdilla Aribowo; Tamtomo, Didik; Prasetya, Hanung
Journal of Health Policy and Management Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpm.2024.09.02.08

Abstract

Background: Telemedicine is a combination of information and communication technology with medical science to provide health services that are not limited to space and can be done remotely (PB IDI, 2020). Patient satisfaction is referred to as the most integral element in the successful implementation of telemedicine (Ploog et al, 2022). This study aims to compare the satisfaction level of outpatients between telemedicine visits and regular face-to-face visits using meta-analysis. Subjects and Method: This study used a systematic review and meta-analysis based on pico as follows, population: outpatient polyclinic, intervention: telemedicine services, comparison: standard care, outcome: patient satisfaction. Data were obtained from the PubMed, Google Scholar, Springerlink, National Center for Biotechnology Information, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct databases published from 2020 – 2022. The keywords used in the article search were “telemedicine”, “telehealth”, “ virtual care”, “online follow up care”, “telemedicine vs in office” “telemedicine vs conventional”, “patient satisfaction”, “patient experience”, and “randomized clinical trial.” The inclusion criteria were in the form of a full paper article using a randomized clinical trial design, the subjects were outpatients, new patients and follow-up patients, had a control group that assessed standard services, the study outcomes used the mean SD. Article selection used the PRISMA flowchart and the results were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 software. Results: A meta-analysis of 10 articles from Hong Kong, Turkey, Germany, Austria, the Netherlands, Ireland and the United States with a sample size of 1412 outpatient polyclinics showed that outpatient polypatients who received telemedicine services had an average satisfaction level of 0.38 points. higher than standard service (SMD= 0.38; 95% CI= -0.01 to 0.77; p= 0.060). The meta-analysis of this study showed significant heterogeneity of effect estimates between studies (I² = 69%; p<0.001), so the analysis used was the Random Effect Model (REM). Conclusion: Patients who received telemedicine services experienced an average satisfaction level of 0.38 higher than patients who received standard services (SMD= 0.38; 95% CI= -0.01 to 0.77; p= 0.060). Keywords: Telemedicine, Patient satisfaction, Meta-analysis Correspondence: Farahdilla Aribowo Putri. Masters Program in Public Health, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl Ir Sutami No. 36A Jebres Surakarta. Email: farahdilla.a.putri@gmail.com. Handphone: +6281333287647.
Effectiveness of Telehealth in Improving Quality of Life and Lowering Depression in Post-Stroke Patients: A Meta-Analysis Ni'mah, Siti Luluk Khamidahtun; Tamtomo, Didik; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2023.08.01.06

Abstract

Background: People who have a stroke are generally more likely to have difficulty managing daily activities such as walking, bathing, dressing, and participating in activities in the community and showing symptoms of depression that affects the quality of life. Telehealth is here to help people communicate with health workers without having to come directly to health facilities. The study aims to analyze how much effect telehealth has in improving the quality of life and reducing the risk of depression in post-stroke patients.Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis study using PICO. Population: post-stroke patients. Intervention: telehealth. Comparison: no telehealth. Outcome: quality of Life and depression. This study used articles from several databases namely Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library using the keywords "Stroke" AND "telehealth" OR "Telerehabilitation" OR "Tele-medicine" OR "Mobile health" OR "mHealth " OR "eHealth" AND "Quality of Life" OR "Health-Related Quality of Life" AND "Depression" AND "Randomized Controlled Trial" OR "RCT" to identify relevant studies. The articles included in the study were articles in English with RCT study design, published between 2012 and 2022. Steps in the systematic review were carried out based on guidelines from PRISMA flow diagram. Quantitative analysis was performed using Revman 5.3.Results: 8 RCTs article from America, Asia, and Europe showed that post-stroke patients who obtained telehealth services on average had 0.87 units higher quality of life than those without telehealth (SMD=0.87; 95% CI =0.30 to 1.44; p=0.003). 8 RCTs article from America and Europe showed that post-stroke patients who obtained telehealth services on average had 0.44 units lower depression than those without telehealth (SMD= -0.44; 95% CI=-0.79 to -0.09; p= 0.010).Conclusion: Telehealth can improve quality of life and lower the risk of depression in post-stroke patients. Keywords: telehealth, post-stroke, quality of life, depression Correspondence:Siti Luluk Khamidahtun Ni'mah. Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: lulupanma@gmail.com. Mobile: +628562563503.
Effects of Overweight and Obesity on Hypertension in Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis Zaen, Nurussyifa Afiana; Tamtomo, Didik; Ichsan, Burhannudin
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2023.08.01.10

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is currently starting to show a trend in prevalence that continues to increase at a younger age and is a major cause of premature death in the world. In adolescents, hypertension is more common who are overweight or obese. This study aims to examine the effect of overweight and obesity on the incidence of hypertension in adolescents using a meta-analysis.Subjects and Method: Meta-analysis was carried out using the PRISMA flow chart and the PICO model. Population: adolescents aged 10 to 19 years. Intervention: overweight and obesity. Comparison: normoweight. Outcome: hypertension). The databases used are PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link, and Google Scholar with the keywords (hypertension OR "High Blood Pressure") AND "BMI Status" AND (adolescent OR teenager) AND "cross sectional". There were 9 cross-sectional studies published in 2012-2022 with odds ratio (OR) effect size that met the inclusion criteria. Analysis was performed with RevMan 5.3.Results: A meta-analysis was conducted on 9 articles with a cross-sectional study design originating from China, South Korea, India, Turkey, Tunisia, Lithuania and Poland involving 63,239 adolescents aged 10-19 years. The results of the meta-analysis showed that overweight adolescents were 2.44 times more likely to experience hypertension compared to normal weight adolescents (aOR= 2.44; 95%CI= 1.87 to 3.19; p<0.001), and obese adolescents were more likely to experience hypertension 4.53 times compared with normal weight adolescents (aOR= 4.53; 95% CI= 3.10 to 6.61; p<0.001).Conclusion: Being overweight and obese can increase the risk of developing hypertension in adolescents. Keywords: overweight, obesity, hypertension, adolescents, meta-analysis Correspondence: Nurussyifa Afiana Zaen. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: nurussyifaaz20@gmail.com. Mobile: +6287723131415.
Meta-Analysis the Effects of Social Isolation and Loneliness on Cardiovascular Disease and Death in Elderly Wulandari, Ayu Novita; Murti, Bhisma; Tamtomo, Didik
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2023.08.01.11

Abstract

Background: The impact of social isolation and loneliness on health and well-being is recognized globally as a public health problem. Social isolation can be experienced at any age, especially the elderly. This study aims to analyze and estimate the influence of social isolation and loneliness on cardiovascular disease and death in the elderly.Subjects and Method: The meta-analysis was carried out according to the PRISMA flow chart and the PICO model. P: Elderly, I: Social isolation and loneliness, C: Not social isolation and not lonely, O: Cardiovascular disease and death. Search for articles in this study through databases that include PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Scopus with keywords "social isolation" AND "loneliness" AND "cardiovascular disease" AND "elderly". “Social isolation” AND “loneliness” AND “mortality” AND “elderly”. Full paper article with cohort design, adjusted Hazard Ratio for effect size, research outcome are cardiovascular disease and death. Analysis was performed using Revman 5.3.Results: There were 18 articles with cohort designs originating from America, Finland, Canada, Tai-wan, Australia, the United States, Japan, Denmark, Amsterdam, England, Sweden, Jerusalem, Europe with a total of 1,375,816 research samples. A meta-analysis of 13 cohort studies concluded that seniors who were socially isolated had a 1.23 times the risk of developing cardiovascular disease compared to those who were not socially isolated, and the effect was statistically significant (aHR= 1.23; 95% CI= 1.10 to 1.38; p= 0.003). In addition, the elderly who are socially isolated have a risk of dying 1.16 times compared to those who are not socially isolated, and this effect is statistically significant (aHR= 1.16; 95% CI= 1.07 to 1.21; p= 0.003). A meta-analysis of 13 cohort studies concluded that lonely elderly people had a 1.10 times greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease compared to lonely people, and the effect was statistically significant (aHR= 1.10; 95% CI= 1.01 to 1.20; p= 0.003). In addition, lonely elderly people have a risk of dying 1.19 times compared to being lonely, and the effect is statistically significant (aHR= 1.19; 95% CI= 1.02 to 1.39; p= 0.002).Conclusion: Social isolation and loneliness increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and death in elderly. Keywords: social isolation, loneliness, cardiovascular, death, elderly. Correspondence:Ayu Novita Wulandari. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah. Email: ayunovitawulandari98@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282281301325.
Co-Authors -, Mardhatillah A.A. Ketut Agung Cahyawan W Abdiani, Baiq Tuhu Abdiani, Baiq Tuhu Agung Kurniawan Akhmad Azmiardi Alfiasari, Fadila Ali Djamhuri Ambar Mudigdo Anak Agung Istri Sri Wiadnyani Andreza Anggraini, Yeni Aprilia, Nafi?ah Argyo Demartoto, Argyo Ari Natalia Prabandari, Ari Natalia Ari Natalia Probandari Ari Probandari Arief Suryono Ariwati, Valentina Dili Ariwati, Valentina Dili Aryoseto, Lukman Aulia, Yusrin Bhisma Murti Burhannudin Ichsan Cahyandaru, Zella Cahyaningrum, Hapsari Cahyono Widodo, Cahyono Ch Novita Indriani, Ch Novita Damayanti, Ana Delimasari, Trisakti Halimah Dewi Martha Indria Dian Rahmawati Diana, Tutut Okta Doloh, Nureesa Dono Indarto Dyanneza, Frieska Endang Sutisna Sulaeman Eskawati, Maria Yeny Fahrezi, Chattrin Feny Tunjungsari Fuad, Lu’luatul Ghufroni, Afif Gusti, Titis Eka Hapsari, Fara Rizky Punjung Harinto Nur Seha Harsono Salimo Hastuti, Heni Hendra Dwi Kurniawan, Hendra Dwi Hermanu Joebagyo Hery Widijanto I Gusti Agung Ngurah Putra Pradnyantara Imtichan, Septian Najib Ismiana, Baiq Holisatul Jayanti, Nicky Danur Kartikasari, Mayriyana Kristiani, Yunita Kusumaningtiyas, Zonna Aditiya Kusumaningtyas, Mei Kusumasari, Rizka Agnes Kusumastuti, Nurry Ayuningtyas Kusumawardana, Iin Kusumawardani, Dyah Ayu Laksono Trisnantoro Lestari, Dinta Lilik Anggar Sri Rahayuningsih Linda Widyaningrum, Linda Mahendra Wijaya Mardiah, Adriana Maulana, Moh Mirshanti, Farahdila Nagaring, Sulaiman Putra Ni'mah, Siti Luluk Khamidahtun Ningtyas, Ayunda Prisilia Kusuma Nugroho, Septyan Dwi Nunuk Suryani Nurjanah, Ahmitta Laila Nurlaili, Helmi Nurul Hakim, Ruliany Yuni Nurul Jannah Pranoto, Hosea Puspitasari Prasetya, Hanung Pratama, Tegar Wahyu Yudha Pratiwi, Dinda Ika Purwati - Puspita, Rumeyda Chitra Putri, Farahdilla Aribowo Rahayuningrum, Indriyati Oktaviano Rahmah, Aulia Siti Nur Rahmawati, Leny Ratna Dewi Permatasari Rita Adriani Benya Adriani Rosyida, Muslihatin Khuril Sapja Anantanyu, Sapja Saraspuri, Niken Putri Eka Selvia Febrianti Setiyaningsih, Ratna Setiyaningsih, Ratna Silfia Angela N Halu Simarmata, Imelda Dearni Simarmata, Imelda Dearni Sitepu, Fransiska Siti Marfuah, Siti Siwi, Ratna Purwani Soemanto, RB SUGIARTO - Sukma, Sukma Sulistyo, Anita Sri Sulistyo, Siwi Anggraini Tia Martha Pundati, Tia Martha Uki Retno Budihastuti Untari, Niken Yuliani Veftisia, Vistra Wardhani, Anindyah Tri Lhaksmi Kusuma Wardhani, Yeni Wibawa, Purwa Adrianta Widayati, Mulia Yuli Wigati, Dhiyan Nany Wijanto, Chrise Wijayanto, Masromi Hendria Winasandis, Brillia Firsti Wulandari, Ayu Novita Wulansari, Galuh Yeni Tri Utami Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi yulia lanti retno dewi Yuni Fitriani, Yuni Zaen, Nurussyifa Afiana Zulaikah, Rahayu