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Dewi Iryani
Universitas Bung Karno, Indonesia
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Journal : Collegium Studiosum Journal

 1 
KONSEP CRYPTOCURRENCY SEBAGAI ALAT PEMBAYARAN UNTUK MEWUJUDKAN KEPASTIAN HUKUM Febrianto, Andre; Ismail; Iryani, Dewi
Collegium Studiosum Journal Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Collegium Studiosum Journal
Publisher : LPPM STIH Awang Long

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56301/csj.v8i2.2026

Abstract

The rapid development of cryptocurrency as a global digital financial instrument has posed legal challenges, particularly regarding its status as a medium of exchange. In Indonesia, the legal position of cryptocurrency is characterized by dualism and ambiguity. On one hand, the Commodity Futures Trading Regulatory Agency (BAPPEBTI) regulates and recognizes cryptocurrency as a commodity tradable on futures exchanges. On the other hand, Bank Indonesia (BI) strictly prohibits its use as legal tender, based on Law Number 7 of 2011 concerning Currency, which mandates the Rupiah as the sole legal tender. This research aims to analyze the legal consequences of using cryptocurrency as a payment instrument in Indonesia and to formulate a regulatory concept that can ensure legal certainty. This study employs a normative legal research method with a qualitative approach. The data utilized consists of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results indicate that the use of cryptocurrency as a payment instrument results in the civil nullification of agreements (based on Article 1337 of the Indonesian Civil Code), administrative sanctions from BI and BAPPEBTI, and potential criminal liability related to Money Laundering Crimes (TPPU). To achieve legal certainty, an integrated regulatory framework is required, encompassing: (1) clear classification of cryptocurrencies (payment, utility, and security tokens); (2) the establishment of specific legislation regarding digital assets; (3) inter-agency coordination among regulators (BI, OJK, BAPPEBTI, and Kominfo); (4) effective consumer protection and dispute resolution mechanisms; and (5) the integration of Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Know Your Customer (KYC) principles. Policy recommendations include strengthening public awareness, adopting a regulatory sandbox, and accelerating the Digital Rupiah Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) project.
KEWENANGAN IDEAL MAHKAMAH PELAYARAN DALAM MENYELESAIKAN KECELAKAAN KAPAL UNTUK MEWUJUDKAN KEADILAN Sarwono, Sarif; Ismail; Iryani, Dewi
Collegium Studiosum Journal Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Collegium Studiosum Journal
Publisher : LPPM STIH Awang Long

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56301/csj.v8i2.2027

Abstract

The Maritime Court (Mahkamah Pelayaran) is a judicial body under the Ministry of Transportation authorized to examine and adjudicate ship accidents, specifically regarding shipping safety aspects and the responsibility of masters or officers by imposing administrative sanctions. The regulations concerning the functions, authorities, and duties of the Maritime Court are governed by Law Number 66 of 2024 concerning the Third Amendment to Law Number 17 of 2008, specifically in Articles 251 to 253 of the Shipping Law. Article 251 of the Shipping Law outlines the functions of the Maritime Court; Article 252 details the authority to examine ship collisions occurring between commercial vessels, commercial and state vessels, as well as commercial and warships; and Article 253 defines the duties of the court, including investigating the causes of ship accidents, determining the presence of procedural errors or negligence by the master or officers, examining negligence by operators, ship owners, or officials that result in accidents, and recommending administrative sanctions to the Minister. The method used in this research is normative legal research conducted to obtain the necessary data related to the issues. The data used is secondary data consisting of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, supported by primary data. Data analysis was performed using a qualitative juridical analysis method. The results of this research indicate that the current authority of the Maritime Court remains limited to administrative matters and has not yet addressed the need for more comprehensive justice for victims, ship owners, or aggrieved third parties, even though every ship accident involves not only technical navigation issues but also economic, environmental, and social impacts. Law Number 66 of 2024 has strengthened administrative sanctions but has not changed the position of the Maritime Court as a quasi-judicial institution. Therefore, a more integrative restructuring of authority is required so that the Maritime Court's decisions can be recognized as part of the judicial process and serve as considerations for judges in General Courts. This integrative process can be achieved by appointing the expert panels of the Maritime Court as ad hoc judges in General Courts. Thus, General Court decisions can create and strengthen the quality of rulings through precise and accurate maritime technical considerations given that the expert panels possess the background, experience, and specialized expertise in the shipping field while creating harmonization between Maritime Court decisions and General Court rulings to reduce contradictions and strengthen legal certainty.
Co-Authors Abdillah, Ahmad Imaduddin Abdul Gani Abraham Prihadi Achmad Hidayat Adi Darmawansyah Adi Iksan Bureni Agustinus Darmanto Panjaitan Aji , Puguh Aji Hari Setiawan, Puguh amran rabani zubaidi Arbi Dalimunthe Arwan Arwan Aryasuta Faharsyah Setiawan Ayu Tresna Waty Baehaki, Imam Belinda, Suci Fidia Fitriza Bernadete Nurmawati Bernadete Nurmawati Bey Abwar, Irsyad Hamdie Binto Kusmadi Boas Parlindungan Panjaitan dadang dwi saputro David Ricardo, David Didik Suhariyanto Ellizabeth Febrianto, Andre Ferdian, Andri Fitria, Myrna G. Nyoman Tio Rae Gomulia Oscar Gradios Nyoman Tio Hamamudin, Hamamudin Handradjasa, Joshua Limanto Hari Setiawan, Puguh Aji Hartana Hartana Hartana , Hartana Hartana Hartana Hartana, Hartana Herman, KMS Hie, Hengky Himawan Ismail ISMAIL ,, ISMAIL ISMAIL - Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail Jayawarsa, A.A. Ketut Josef Swisman, Andreas Juniarty, Santy Karima, Shifa Kirana Pungki Apsari KMS Herman Legi, Arfi Nofri Lemta , Benjamin Lisaldy, Ferdinand Listiyaningsih, Listiyaningsih Maharani Putri Handayani Martunas Sianturi Mohamad Rizki Irmansyah Myrna Fitria Natalia, Rachel Natassya Fachrina Nurmawati, Bernadete Nyoman Tio Rae Oscar, Gomulia Pandreadi, Kadek Permana, Mochammad Aditya Prasetyo Hadi Puguh Aji Hari Setiawan Puguh Aji Hari Setiawan Putra, Erika Putri, Euginia Natania Putu Ayu Masrini Rae, Gradios Nyoman Tio Reka Dewantara russel butarbutar Russel Butarbutar Salma Nur Azizah Samsiah, Tuti Saputra, Ade Akhmad Sarwono, Sarif Setiawan, Puguh Aji Hari Shifa Karima Sihite, Thomas Ericson Hadinata Sriulina, Maria Eva Sudarsono, Putut Heri Sudirgo, Tony Sujono, Salsabilla Susetyo Rohadi Tarmudi Tarmudi Tjahjadi, Hamdani Tresna Waty, Ayu Ummi Habsyah Umra, Alieffandy Unzur Jefri Tambunan Vic S, Binsar Jon