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Antibiotics And Bacterial Resistance: A Global Challenge That Needs To Be Addressed Sugiah Sugiah; Fadli Fadli; Fitria Hariati; Khrisna Agung Cendekiawan
Journal of Pharmacopoeia Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): MARCH-JP
Publisher : Pt. Anagata Sembagi Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62872/mwb7an91

Abstract

This study aims to explore the global challenges faced in addressing bacterial resistance to antibiotics, which are now one of the most serious health threats in the world. This study was conducted through the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by searching scientific articles from various databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using the keywords "antibiotic resistance", "global health", "treatment failure", and "resistance mechanisms". The articles analyzed are publications in the last 10 years, focusing on the causes of resistance, their impact on global health, and countermeasures that have been carried out. The results of the study show that antibiotic resistance is mainly caused by the inappropriate use of antibiotics in the medical and non-medical sectors, lack of distribution supervision, and lack of development of new antibiotics. To overcome this, a comprehensive approach is needed, including increasing public education and health workers, strengthening regulations, and developing alternative therapies such as phagotherapy and vaccines. Without proper treatment, antibiotic resistance can lead to infection treatment failure, increased mortality rates, and burden the global health system
Potential Hyperglycemia In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Due To Drug Interactions At Hospital Avrillana Dewangi Gea Ayunda Diarso; Shinta Mayasari; Khrisna Agung Cendekiawan
Indonesian Pharmacopeia Journal Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024): July
Publisher : LPPM Universitas dr. Soebandi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36858/ipj.v1i2.19

Abstract

Background: Hyperglycemia is a medical condition in the form of an increase in blood glucose levels beyond normal limits with a blood sugar concentration of ≥200 mg/dl. Hyperglycemia that is not well controlled can cause serious disorders of the body's systems, especially the nerves and blood vessels. Based on WHO data, the prevalence of type 2 DM with the potential for hyperglycemia in the world in 2019 was 5.3%. This figure is expected to increase to 6.3% in 2030. Objective: This research was conducted to determine the potential for hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients due to drug interactions at one of hospital in Jember. Method: This research uses a quantitative design with retrospective data collection, namely research obtained based on information from patient medical records. The population in this study was 539 patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus for the period January-December 2022. The sample from this study was type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who met the inclusion criteria. Sampling was calculated using the Slovin formula using random sampling techniques and the results obtained were 84 medical record samples. Analysis using univariate. Data is displayed in frequency and percentage form. Data processing uses Microsoft Excel and SPSS. Results: Most of the drugs received by type 2 diabetes mellitus patients experienced interactions that had the potential to cause hyperglycemia with blood sugar levels ≥200 mg/dl (96.43%) and a moderate clinical significance level of 70.24%. Conclusion: There is a potential for hyperglycemia caused by diabetes drug interactions. Monitoring drug interactions and effective treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus needs to be carried out to achieve optimal therapy targets and increase awareness of healthy lifestyles in diabetes management.
Potential Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Due to Drug Interactions in Citra Husada Hospital Elisa wardatul awaliya; shinta mayasari; khrisna agung cendekiawan
Indonesian Pharmacopeia Journal Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024): July
Publisher : LPPM Universitas dr. Soebandi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36858/ipj.v1i2.24

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder disease characterized by an increase in blood glucose due to decreased insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells, insulin disorders or resistance. The main risks that are commonly found in every patient diagnosed with DM disease include hypoglycemia. In a study conducted at a public hospital in Jakarta, 186 incidents of interaction of antidiabetic drugs with other drugs that have hypoglycemia potential with a moderate clinical significance level of 83.8% were found. The potential for drug interactions in DM patients is still very frequent. This can be caused by the number of drugs that are often used (Polipharmacy or multiple drug therapy). The purpose of this study is to identify the potential for hypoglycemia in type 2 DM patients due to drug interactions at Citra Husada Jember hospital. This type of research is qualitative research with retrospective data collection. The design of this study uses a cross-sectional design. The population of this study is 662 medical record data of outpatients with type 2 diabetes for the period of January – December 2022. Data analysis uses univariate analysis. In this study, most patients have the potential to experience hypoglycemia.
Peningkatan Pengetahuan Pemanfaatan Tanaman Obat Daun Sirih (Piper Betle) Pada Masyarakat Suku Osing Kabupaten Banyuwangi Khrisna Agung Cendekiawan; Nafisah Isnawati; Shinta Mayasari; Neny Poerwahyuningrum; Firdha Aprillia Wardhani; Dea Maulidi Saputri
Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Madani Vol 6 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Madani (JPMM)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ekonomi Bisnis Syariah Bina Mandiri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51805/jpmm.v6i1.218

Abstract

Pulau Jawa merupakan “pulau yang kaya keanekaragaman hayati. Obat tradisional pada etnis Suku Osing umumnya masih dalam bentuk yang sederhana. Bahan baku yang diambil dari alam setelah dibersihkan biasanya langsung digunakan dalam bentuk segar dengan cara direndam atau direbus, kemudian diminum, diolah dengan cara dihaluskan dan ditumbuk/dipanaskan dalam bungkusan daun. Pengetahuan dan pemanfaatan tanaman obat masih minim, terutama dalam pengolahannya menjadi sediaan yang efektif dan efisien agar mudah digunakan. Sirih hijau (Piper betle) merupakan tumbuhan yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional terutama pada bagian daunnya. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan warga tentang khasiat tanaman sirih hijau sekaligus mendorong warga memanfaatkan lahan pekarangan rumah untuk menanam tanaman tersebut sebagai tanaman obat keluarga serta dapat mengolah simplisia sirih hijau sebagai teh herbal untuk digunakan sebagai minuman berkhasiat obat. Metode yang digunakan adalah sosialisasi, edukasi materi tentang daun sirih hijau, dan pelatihan pembuatan teh herbal. Edukasi dilakukan dengan mengukur tingkat pengetahuan menggunakan kuesioner yang dibagikan sebelum (pretest) dan sesudah (post-test) pemberian materi. Hasil pretest menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan dan minat warga untuk membudidayakan tanaman sirih hijau masih kurang. Namun, hasil post-test menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan mereka menjadi meningkat. Kesimpulan dari kegiatan ini adalah terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan warga tentang tanaman berkhasiat obat daun sirih hijau (Piper betle).”
ULASAN NARASI BUDAYA PENGOBATAN ETNOMEDISIN DALAM TINJAUAN AKSIOLOGI DAN ONTOLOGI DI JAWA TIMUR Khrisna Agung Cendekiawan
Jurnal Farmasi Islam Kalimantan Vol 2, No 1 (2025): Sinergi Ilmu Farmasi Modern dan Tradisi Islam untuk Kesehatan Berkelanjutan
Publisher : Universitas Islam Kalimantan Muhammad Arsyad Al Banjari

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31602/jfik.v2i1.18067

Abstract

Indonesia terkenal dengan sumber daya alamnya yang luar biasa, yang ditingkatkan oleh karakteristik geografisnya yang memfasilitasi berkembangnya beragam flora di iklim tropis. Banyak spesies tumbuhan di Indonesia memiliki potensi pemanfaatan dalam kesejahteraan masyarakat, terutama dalam konteks terapeutik. Praktik etnomedis yang lazim di Indonesia telah mengalami evolusi yang signifikan selama berabad-abad, didukung oleh kondisi geografis yang kondusif bagi proliferasi berbagai macam kehidupan tumbuhan di ekosistem tropis. Peradaban kuno di Nusantara telah mengembangkan obat herbal dalam berbagai formulasi. Pengetahuan ini, yang didasarkan pada pengamatan empiris, telah ditransmisikan dari generasi ke generasi, sehingga memastikan konservasi warisan leluhur ini. Namun demikian, gaya hidup modern telah melahirkan kebiasaan berbahaya, seperti asupan makanan ringan, yang menyebabkan efek kesehatan yang merugikan terkait dengan aditif dan pengawet yang ada dalam makanan kemasan komersial. Individu mungkin menunjukkan peningkatan kerentanan terhadap penyakit, terutama ketika banyak mencari perhatian medis dari praktisi yang mengandalkan intervensi farmasi. Sebaliknya, karena kurangnya sumber daya keuangan yang terus-menerus atau keberadaan masyarakat yang terletak pada jarak yang cukup jauh dari fasilitas kesehatan seperti Puskesmas, tetap ada ketergantungan yang signifikan pada pengobatan alami; oleh karena itu, pengobatan tradisional terus dipraktikkan secara luas, terutama di daerah pedesaan. Perlu adanya pendalaman ilmu agama dalam Fiqih untuk memastikan perawatan berada pada jalur yang tepat.
Evaluation of Digital Maturity Level of Citra Husada Jember Hospital as a Strategy to Support Health Transformation Dewa Ngakan Gde Wahyu Mahatma Putra; Khrisna Agung Cendekiawan; Lutvi Anggraeni Anggraeni
Jurnal teknologi Kesehatan Borneo Vol 6 No 1 (2025): Jurnal teknologi Kesehatan Borneo
Publisher : POLTEKKES KEMENKES PONTIANAK

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30602/jtkb.v6i1.406

Abstract

The digital transformation of healthcare services demands hospital readiness in adopting integrated information systems. This study aimed to assess the digital maturity level of RS Citra Husada Jember using the Digital Maturity Instrument version 1.1 from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia which includes seven main components: information systems and infrastructure, standards and interoperability, management and governance, data analysis, human resources, information security, and utilisation of electronic medical records and patient-centred services. This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design involving six internal hospital stakeholders through structured discussions. Results showed good digital maturity, with the highest scores in management and governance (4.5) and EMR (4.3), while the lowest scores were found in external interoperability (1.7) and data analytics. These findings emphasise the importance of strengthening digital infrastructure, improving digital literacy of health workers, and system integration to support the national OneHealth policy.
Detection of Porcine Gelatin in Jelly Soft Candies Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics Cendekiawan, Khrisna Agung; Wardhani, Firdha Aprillia; Anggraeni, Linda Suci; Anggraeni, Lutvi
Halal Science Volume 1 Issue 1
Publisher : ETFLIN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58920/halal0101342

Abstract

Gelatin, commonly used in jelly soft candies, is often derived from porcine sources, which Islam prohibits. This study developed a rapid and reliable method for detecting porcine gelatin using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis to support halal verification. Twenty samples were analyzed: 10 with 100% bovine gelatin and 10 containing 10–100% porcine gelatin. Spectral data were processed using partial least squares (PLS) regression and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The PLS model showed high predictive accuracy (RMSEC = 2.87, R²cal = 0.9931; RMSEP = 0.0124, R²val = 0.9919), while LDA classified samples with over 90% accuracy. Results were consistent with the Xema Pork Detection Kit, confirming the method’s reliability. This approach offers a fast, accurate tool for halal compliance in food products.
In Silico Study of Bay Leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) Compounds as Renin Inhibitors and Antihypertensive Herbal Tea Development Blegoh Iwan Santoso; Siti Nur Hikmah; ahmad Robitah; Khrisna Agung Cendikiawan; Kintoko
Jurnal Kesehatan dr. Soebandi Vol 14 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Kesehatan dr. Soebandi
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Universitas dr. Soebandi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36858/jkds.v14i1.1112

Abstract

Background :  Hypertension is a major global health problem contributing significantly to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. One of the key pathways in blood pressure regulation is the Renin–Angiotensin– Aldosterone System (RAAS), where renin plays a crucial role as the initiating enzyme. Inhibition of renin is considered a more specific therapeutic strategy with potentially fewer side effects. Bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) has been traditionally used as an antihypertensive agent and contains various bioactive compounds Methods : This study aims to evaluate the potential of bay leaf compounds as renin inhibitors using an in silico approach and to explore their development into herbal tea products. Active compounds were identified through literature-based LC-MS data, including gallic acid, malic acid, luteic acid, and myricetin. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina against human renin (PDB ID: 3D91). Results: The results showed that myricetin exhibited the highest binding affinity (-9.3 kcal/mol), followed by luteic acid (-7.9 kcal/mol), gallic acid (-6.1 kcal/mol), and malic acid (- 5.1 kcal/mol), compared to the standard inhibitor remikiren (-10.3 kcal/mol). Conclusions: Interaction analysis revealed that myricetin formed multiple hydrogen bonds with catalytic residues. These findings suggest that bay leaf compounds, especially myricetin, have potential as natural renin inhibitors and could be developed as antihypertensive herbal tea.
Quantitative Mapping of Phytochemical Synergy in Psidium guajava and Piper betle for Antidiarrheal Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Using Radar Chart Analysis and AUC Kintoko; Khrisna Agung Cendekiawan; Sapto Yuliani; Firdha Aprillia Wardhani
Eureka Herba Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): Eureka Herba Indonesia
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/ehi.v7i1.133

Abstract

Infectious diarrhea constitutes a massive global health burden defined by severe gastrointestinal hypermotility, profound fluid hypersecretion, and aggressive mucosal inflammation. Conventional pharmacotherapy, including antimotility agents and broad-spectrum antibiotics, presents significant clinical limitations, including the exacerbation of antimicrobial resistance and adverse systemic effects. Phytochemical interventions utilizing Psidium guajava and Piper betle offer a robust complementary approach. However, the exact quantitative magnitude of their combined pharmacological synergy requires rigorous statistical integration. A systematic review and meta-analysis were executed utilizing PRISMA protocols. Comprehensive literature screening across major databases identified primary research manuscripts reporting precise quantitative parameters on the antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties of the targeted extracts. Extracted data variables included sample sizes, mean outcomes, and standard deviations. The Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. The multidimensional therapeutic capacity was further mapped and quantified using Radar Chart Analysis (RCA) and geometric Area Under Curve (AUC) mathematical integration. The statistical synthesis indicated that Psidium guajava profoundly suppressed gastrointestinal motility and intestinal fluid accumulation (Pooled SMD = -2.45; 95% CI: -3.10 to -1.80). Concurrently, Piper betle demonstrated immense broad-spectrum bactericidal activity and superlative free radical scavenging capacity (Pooled SMD = 3.85; 95% CI: 2.95 to 4.75). The subsequent AUC integration revealed that combining the specific phytochemical profiles of both botanical sources mathematically expanded the total therapeutic coverage by 42%. The quantitative framework confirms a highly potent synergistic mechanism. Psidium guajava selectively targets the physiological symptoms of hypermotility and secretory failure, while Piper betle aggressively eradicates the underlying pathogenic etiology and neutralizes oxidative tissue damage. This dual-action synergy provides a formidable, evidence-based foundation for the development of advanced botanical therapeutics.
FORMULASI KRIM TABIR SURYA EKSTRAK DAUN AKALIFA (Acalypha wilkesiana Müell. Arg) Dhina Ayu Susanti; Sholihatil Hidayati; Iski Weni Pebriarti; Khrisna Agung Cendekiawan; Diah Yuli Pangesti
Jurnal Farmamedika (Pharmamedica Journal) Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Farmamedika (Pharmamedica Journal)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Industri dan Farmasi Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47219/ath.v10i2.420

Abstract

Paparan sinar matahari dapat menimbulkan efek negatif jangka pendek seperti munculnya kemerahan dan reaksi fotosensititasi pada kulit manusia dan juga dapat menimbulkan efek jangka seperti penuaan dini. Tabir surya sebagai salah satu alternatif produk kosmetik perlindungan terhadap sinar matahari. Saat ini banyak dikembangkan sediaan tabir surya berbahan dasar herbal salah satunya adalah daun Akalifa (Acalypha wilkesiana Müell. Arg) yang sangat tinggi kandungan flavonoidnya. Tujuan penelitian memformulasi krim tabir surya daun akalifa dalam tiga konsentrasi, yaitu 1%, 2%, dan 3% dan selanjutnya diuji mutu fisik sediaannya meliputi organoleptis, uji daya sebar, uji pH, daya lekat, viskositas, dan tipe krim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sediaan krim tabir surya ketiga formula memiliki pH, daya sebar, dan viskositas memenuhi syarat mutu krim. Daya lekat pada konsentrasi 2% dan 3% sangat baik. F1, F2, dan F3 memiliki tipe krim M/A.
Co-Authors Agus Mukholid Ahmad Robittah Alfiansyah, Andika Aliyah Purwanti Alvia Putri Priyono, Rosyidatul Amalia Wardatul Firdaus Ancah Caesarina Novi Marchianti Andika Alfiansyah Andro Ruben Runtu Anggia Faradina Anggraeni, Linda Suci Anggraeni, Lutvi Anggraeni, Lutvi Anggraeni April Nuraini Arnes Yuli Vandika Atmanita Khairomatul L Avrillana Dewangi Gea Ayunda Diarso Ayu Angger Putri M. Sholeh Bambang Kuswandi Benny Novico Zani Dea Maulidi Saputri Dewa Ngakan Gde Wahyu Mahatma Putra Dhina Ayu Susanti Diah Yuli Pangesti Diana Kholifah Dina Rasmita Dina Trianggaluh Fauziah Dwi, Jacinta Dyan Wigati Elisa wardatul awaliya Endang Lifchatullaillah Fadli Fadli Fadli Fadli Fadli Fadli Faradina, Anggia Fitria Hariati Florentinus Dika Octa Riswanto Hariati , Fitria Hasana, Siti Nur HELMALIA HELMALIA, HELMALIA Heru Sulistijono Heru Sulistijono Iski Weni Pebriarti Islami, Nurul Ariffaeni Khoirun N., Hilda Kintoko Kintoko Kintoko Kintoko Kintoko KINTOKO KINTOKO Kintoko Kintoko Kintoko, Kintoko Lia Fitriyaningrum Linda Suci Anggraeni Linda Suci Anggraeni lindawati setyaningrum Lutvi Anggraeni Lutvi Anggraeni Anggraeni M. Rofik Usman Minarti Minarti Minarti Minarti Muhamad Risal Tawil Muntasir, Muntasir Nafisah Isnawati Neny Poerwahyuningrum Neny Poerwahyuningrum Nia Kristiningrum Ningrum, Lailatul Fitria Nufus, Galuh Maulidatun Nuraini, April Nurul Ariffaeni Islami Pangesti, Yuli Putra, Dewa Ngakan Gde Wahyu Mahatma Rasmita, Dina Rensi Suryanti Rina Fitriana Riski Eko Ardianto Runtu, Andro Ruben Santoso, Blegoh Iwan Sapto Yuliani SAPTO YULIANI Sapto Yuliani Sapto Yuliani Savania Alifianty Hafzah, Savania Setyorini, Dhiana Shinta Mayasari Shinta Mayasari Sholihatil Hidayati Siti Nur Hasana Siti Nur Hikmah Sugeng Winarso Sugiah Sugiah Sugiah, Sugiah Suryanti, Rensi Susanti, Dhina Ayu Tutik Wuryandari Wardhani, Firdha Aprillia Wulandari, Hilwiyah Septi Wuryandari, Tutik Zani, Benny Novico Zulkarnain Permana