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Journal : bioactivities

The Journey of Natural Products: From Isolation Stage to Drug’s Approval in Clinical Trials Yehezkiel Steven Kurniawan; Tantiana Indriani; Hanif Amrulloh; Langit Cahya Adi; Arif Cahyo Imawan; Krisfian Tata Aneka Priyangga; Ervan Yudha
Bioactivities Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Bioactivities
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/bioactivities.2963-654X.190

Abstract

Nature serves as an excellent inspiration for researchers in the fields of chemistry and medicine. Terrestrial or marine organisms produce billions of natural products with unique chemical and physical properties. Some of them have been used in traditional therapy for specific diseases since ancient times. Although their exact chemical structures have yet to be elucidated clearly in that time, investigations in medicinal chemistry have been well documented. Furthermore, utilizing natural products in drug design and development offers advantages such as high biocompatibility, low toxicity, fewer side effects, wide bioactivities, and large structure diversity. Nowadays, rational drug research using computer-aided drug design is well established to cut the long way of drug discovery and overcome the resistance cases and the increment in the number of active patients. This review will highlight some natural products to comprehensively understand their journey from unknown natural products, isolation, purification, characterization, in silico evaluation, bioactivity screening assay, drug modifications, in vitro investigation, in vivo examination, and clinical trial.
Antibacterial Effect of Juglans regia, Citrus sinensis, Vicia faba, and Urtica urens Extracts under In vitro Conditions Ali Khakpour; Negar Ahmadi Shadmehri; Hanif Amrulloh; Hamed Kioumarsi
Bioactivities Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Bioactivities
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/bioactivities.2963-654X.195

Abstract

Various agricultural products are known to have anti-microbial, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. As we can mention, Walnut (Juglans regia) husk, orange (Citrus sinensis) peel, Broad bean (Vicia faba) peel, and Nettle (Urtica urens) are proven to have antimicrobial and anticancer actions. Also, plant diseases such a Pectobacterium carotovorum, Ralstonia solanacearum, Dickeya chrysanthemi, and Pseudomonoas syringae are known to cause annual damage to plant products. Therefore, in the current study, the researchers evaluated their antibacterial activity on the mentioned bacteria under in vitro conditions. Extracts of J. regia husk, C. sinensis peel, V. faba outer peel and U. urens were prepared by maceration method and their anti-bacterial activity on P. carotovorum, D. chrysanthemi, P. syringae, R. solancearum was evaluated using blank disk and well diffusion to obtain minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values. J. regia (husk) and V. faba (outer peel) extracts revealed an anti-bacterial effect on all 4 studied bacteria, while C. sinensis (peel) only inhibited the growth of P. syringae and U. urens only had this effect on P. syringae and R. Solancearum. The inhibition zones varied from 8 to 14 mm, while almost all MIC and MBC rates were 6.25 and 12.5 mg/mL, respectively. Based on the antimicrobial results, the extracts that showed suitable antibacterial effects on certain bacteria can be further studied to be used as natural pesticides.
A Comparative Study on Bioactivities of Aqueous Extracts from Various Parts of Moringa Oleifera Annissa Annissa; Hanif Amrulloh; Hamed Kioumarsi
Bioactivities Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Bioactivities
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/bioactivities.2963-654X.457

Abstract

Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) is widely recognized as a rich source of natural antioxidants; however, systematic comparisons of the phytochemical composition and biological activities of aqueous extracts obtained from different plant organs remain limited. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the phytochemical profiles, antioxidant capacity, antibacterial activity, and antifungal activity of aqueous extracts prepared from the leaves, twigs, stem bark, and wood of M. oleifera. Qualitative phytochemical screening, determination of total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, and resazurin-based microdilution assays against representative bacterial and fungal pathogens were performed. Leaf and twig extracts exhibited the greatest phytochemical diversity, whereas the wood extract showed the simplest composition. The leaf extract contained the highest total phenolic content (683.95 ± 16.74 μg gallic acid equivalents mL⁻¹) and total flavonoid content (514.08 ± 26.12 μg catechin equivalents mL⁻¹), followed by the twig, bark, and wood extracts. Consistently, the leaf extract demonstrated the strongest antioxidant activity, with 64.60 ± 0.69% radical scavenging activity, approaching that of the reference antioxidant (71.72 ± 0.56%). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of hydroxyl, carbonyl, aromatic, and ether functional groups associated with phenolic and flavonoid compounds, particularly in leaf and twig extracts. Antibacterial and antifungal activities followed the same overall trend, with leaf extracts exhibiting the greatest inhibitory effects, followed by twig, bark, and wood extracts. These findings demonstrate that the distribution of bioactive phytochemicals is strongly organ-dependent and closely associated with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The study identifies M. oleifera leaves as the most promising source of water-extractable antioxidant compounds and supports their potential application in the development of sustainable functional foods, nutraceuticals, and phytopharmaceutical products.
Co-Authors Abrori, M. Sayyidul Afifah, Nida Rafa Afriyani, Hapin Agus Setiawan Ahmad Zarnuji Ahmad Zarnuji Ahmad Zarnuji Ahmad Zarnuji, Ahmad Aini, Intan Nur Ali Khakpour Aliya Nabila Sari Aluko, Olukemi Alvi Annissa Anggit Fitria Ani Mardiantari Annissa, Annissa Anwar, Muhammad Saidun Ari Rohmawati Arif Cahyo Imawan Askari Bozayeh, Fatemeh Aziz, Ikhwan Azizah, Isnaini Nur Bahareh Rafiei Banon Ferdiana Choirudin, Choirudin Choirunnisa, Silvi Dedi Setiawan Dedi Setiawan Dedi Setiawan Desta Sari Dian Herasari, Dian Dwi Setia Ningsih Eka Fitria Ningsih Eka Prasetiawati, Eka Ervan Yudha Eti Nurwening Sholikhah Faranida, Qori Hikmah Faris Hermawan Fatiqin, Awalul Fauzan . Finny Ligery Golbanoo Azizpoor Habib Shulton Asnawi Hadis Ahmadnia Hamed Kioumarsi Hamed Kioumarsi Hamed Kioumarsi Hapin Afriyani Haris Santoso Harno Dwi Pranowo Hayani, Aida Hernisawati, Hernisawati Indriani, Marcella Isnaini Nur Azizah Isnaini Nur Azizah Isnaini Nur Azizah Jaenullah Jaenullah Jaenullah Jarnuzi, Ahmad Jumina Jumina Khulus, Al Afidatul Kiki Abelia Kioumarsi, Hamed Krisfian Tata Aneka Priyangga Kurniawan, Yehezkiel Steven Langit Cahya Adi Lutfi Fadilah Lutviana, Ani M. Sayyidul Abrori Mahmoud Kordi Marzieh Alidoust Pahmedani Masrurotul Mahmudah Masrurotul Mahmudah, Masrurotul Mega Suaedah Prastika Mispani Mispani Mitra Arman Mohammadreza Mahdavian, Seyed Mostafa Alinaghizadeh Muhammad Nur Amin Muhammad Yusuf Negar Ahmadi Shadmehri Nela Fatmasari Ningsih, Dwi Setia Nobakht Haghighi, Shahab Nur Aini Nur Alfi Khotamin nur khotimah Nur Laili Nur Laili Nur Laili Nurul Aisyah Nurul Aisyah Nurul Khotimah Okta Nur Azizah Ramadani, Arip Restu Lestari Ridho Nahrowi Rikha Bramawanto Rizki Asrarul Mufidah Rizky Hidayatullah Rudy T M Situmeang Saeid Tamadoni Jahromi Sarsozo, Makario Seyed Reza Fani Shariman Yahaya, Zary Situmeang, Rudy T M Sophia Lasma Sagala Sri Wahyuni Suhono Suhono, Suhono Tantiana Indriani Theledi, Karim Umi Habibah Wahyudi Wahyudi Wasinton Simanjuntak Wasinton Simanjuntak Wasinton Simanjutak Zeynab Kazemkhah Hasankiadeh