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Limitation in The Right to Freedom of Thought, Conscience, and Religion (Forum Externum): Study of Ahmadiyya Muslim Community Case Mega Jaya, Belardo Prasetya; Nurikah, Nurikah; Prasetya, Ahadi Fajrin
Asy-Syir'ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari'ah dan Hukum Vol 55 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : UIN Sunan Kalijaga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ajish.v55i1.809

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Abstract: According to General Explanation of Presidential Decree No. 1/PNPS/ 1965 on Prevention of Misuse and/or Blasphemy, there are six religions in Indonesia. There are Islam, Kristen, Katolik, Hindu, Budha, and Khong Cu (Confucius). It raises the issue of Indonesian who choose conscience or religions out of the six religions. One example is the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community who choose their conscience. Ahmadiyya Muslim Community often received public rejection and some limitations from the Government of Indonesia.  This paper aims to: (1) examine and analyze the international instrument about the limitation in the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion (Forum externum); (2) observe and value the limitation in the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion (Forum externum) in Indonesia (Ahmadiyya Muslim Community case). Deploying normative legal research, this research argues that the limitations in religious activities and sealing of several places of worship of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community by the Government have a legal basis in the international law of externum forum principle and that- the Government limitation on religious activities of Ahmadiyya Muslim community is designed and applied to protect public safety, order, health, or morals or the fundamental rights and freedoms of others. Abstrak: Berdasarkan Penjelasan Umum Penetapan Presiden Republik Indonesia No. 1/PNPS/1965 tentang Pencegahan Penyalahgunaan dan/atau Penodaan Agama. Hanya Ada 6 agama di Indonesia yaitu Islam, Kristen, Katolik, Hindu, Budha dan Khonghucu (Confusius). Pembatasan enam agama tersebut menimbulkan persoalan mengenai bagaimana warga negara Indonesia yang memilih kepercayaan atau agama selain dari ke enam agama tersebut, seperti kelompok Muslim Ahmadiyya yang memiih kepercyaannya sendiri. Kelompok Muslim Ahmadiyya sering mendapatkan penolakan publik dan pembatasan-pembatasan dari Pemerintah Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menguji dan menganalisis instrumen internasional mengenai pembatasan hak untuk berfikir, berkeyakinan dan beragama (forum eksternum); dan (2) mengamati dan menilai bagaimana implementasi hak untuk berfikir, berkeyakinan dan beragama (forum eksternum) di Indonesia (kasus Kelompok Muslim Ahmadiyya). Dengan pendekatan hukum normatif, penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa pembatasan-pembatasan dalam melakukan kegiatan keagamaan dan penyegelan beberapa tempat ibadah jemaah Ahmadiyya oleh Pemerintah memiliki basis hukum dalam hukum internasional yakni prisip forum eksternum dan pembatasan pemerintah terhadap kelompok Muslim Ahmadiyya diterapkan demi tercipta keselamatan, ketertiban, kesehatan, atau kesusilaan umum, atau hak-hak dan kebebasan-kebebasan mendasar milik orang lain.
Human Rights and Justice: Marine Waste Management for Environmental Protection and Ecosystem Sustainability in Indonesia Cahyani, Ferina Ardhi; Jaya, Belardo Prasetya Mega; Wijaya, Dani
JURNAL LEGALITAS Vol 16, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33756/jelta.v16i2.21158

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This article examines marine waste management in Indonesia, focusing on its impact on human rights, justice, and environmental sustainability. The accumulation of waste, particularly plastic, in Indonesia's vast maritime territory, has significant implications for human health, livelihoods, and the environment. As the country relies heavily on marine resources for food security and economic activity, pollution threatens the well-being of coastal communities, often exacerbating inequality and infringing on the right to a healthy environment. The research reveals that plastic waste is the most prevalent type found in Indonesian waters, highlighting the urgency of stronger regulatory enforcement. While Indonesia has regulations, such as Presidential Regulation No. 83 of 2018 concerning Marine Waste Management, their implementation remains insufficient. The study stresses the need for more robust policies addressing upstream and downstream waste management while ensuring accountability and equitable resource access. Effective enforcement requires collaboration between government agencies, private entities, and civil society, ensuring that vulnerable communities, especially those dependent on marine resources, are protected. Strengthening these efforts is crucial for the protection of marine ecosystems and advancing human rights and justice by safeguarding the right to a clean and healthy environment for all.
Studi Komparatif Pemilihan Bentuk Pengaturan Tentang Model Penyusunan Tindak Pidana Korupsi dalam Undang-Undang Tindak Pidana Korupsi Indonesia dan Malaysia: Comparative Study on the Choice of Regulatory Models for the Formulation of Corruption Crimes in the Anti-Corruption Laws of Indonesia and Malaysia Ridwan; Setiadi, Edi; Yulia, Rena; Heniarti, Dini Dewi; Batubara, Gialdah Tapiansari; Jaya, Belardo Prasetya Mega
LITIGASI Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/litigasi.v26i1.19611

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Corruption in Indonesia has occurred at all levels of society as if corruption in Indonesia is never-ending to be discussed. Many law enforcers are involved in corruption, causing a community confidence crisis. Regardless, on the other hand, society is also apathetic and permissive towards criminal acts of corruption; society is also a contributor to corruption, especially in the implementation of the general and regional elections. It happens because of the perception that money politics is a natural thing in an imperfect democracy. This condition occurs because it is supported by the weak legal substance related to the crime of corruption. The weak legal substance is caused by legislative process errors, resulting in errors at the application and execution stages. So, it is necessary to examine the model of drafting laws related to the crime of corruption using normative juridical methods, namely analysing various laws related to the crime of corruption with a comparative approach by comparing the model of Indonesia's and Malaysia's anti-corruption laws drafting. The results showed that the drafting of corruption crimes in Indonesia is spread in several laws that can potentially cause disparities in justice. On the other hand, the drafting model of corruption crimes in Indonesia is carried out by separating the Criminal Code from the anti-corruption law, while in Malaysia, the drafting of the anti-corruption law is mutually reinforcing with the Penal Code.
The Indonesia Government's Strategy in Arrest and Confiscation of Criminal Corruption (Corruptor) Assets Abroad Mohas, Muhyi Mohas; Mega Jaya, Belardo Prasetya; Fasyehhudin, Mohamad; Mega Jaya, Arizon
Jurnal Dinamika Hukum Vol 21, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.jdh.2021.21.3.2882

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Eradication efforts of corrupting in Indonesia have been carried out, but until now there are still many corruption cases that have not been resolved in various ways by the perpetrators or corruptors. Corruptors often drain the funds from the results of corrupting, even the corruptors then go or run abroad. This raises problems in the process of law enforcement and recovery of financial and economic losses in the country, namely the mechanism for returning assets resulting from criminal acts of corrupting abroad. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to (1) Explain how is Indonesia Government's strategy in arrest and confiscation of criminal corruption (corruptor) assets abroad. (2) Explain how is international treaties concerning the seizure of assets resulting from criminal acts of corrupting are abroad. The research method used in this research is qualitative with a juridical legal approach normative. The results showed that the cooperation between countries is the best strategy that can be done by the Indonesia government in overcoming problems of sovereignty. Some examples of these forms of international cooperation are extradition treaties (extradition), Mutual legal assistance in criminal matters (MLA). The mechanism for the return of assets in MLA consists of four stages of the asset return process (Article 46 Chapter IV, UNCAC).Keywords:  international cooperation; eradication of corruption; confiscation of assets; extradition; mutual legal assistance in criminal matters.
PERKEMBANGAN DAN PROSPEK PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA PENANAMAN MODAL ASING SERTA IMPLEMENTASINYA DI INDONESIA Rohani, Aceng Asnawi; Fasyehhudin, Mohamad; Agus, Dede; Mega Jaya, Belardo Prasetya
Gorontalo Law Review Vol 7, No 1 (2024): Gorontalo Law Review
Publisher : Universitas Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32662/golrev.v7i1.3443

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Sengketa dapat bermula dari berbagai sumber potensi sengketa, salah satunya adalah dapat berupa masalah bisnis internasional atau penanaman modal asing. Sengketa tersebut harus diselesaikan dengan hukum internasional. Peran yang dimainkan hukum internasional adalah memberikan cara bagaimana para pihak yang bersengketa untuk menyelesaikan sengketanya secara win win solution. Oleh karena itu tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mengenai bagaimanakah perkembangan dan prospek penyelesaikan sengketa penanaman modal asing serta bagaimana Implementasinya di Indonesia. Penyajian hasil penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa Berdasarkan pembahasan dan uraian fakta yang telah dijabarkan sebelumnya, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Dalam menyelesaikan sengketa penanaman modal para pelaku usaha lebih menyukai penyelesaian di luar lembaga peradilan (non litigasi) yaitu penyelesaian dengan menggunakan jasa Arbitrase Komersial Internasional karena jalur/metode penyelesian tersebut lebih menguntungkan para pihak. Badan Arbitrase Komersial Internasional yang terkenal adalah ICSID, suatu badan arbitrase yang menangani sengketa-sengketa penanaman modal asing antara negara dengan investor asing. Indonesia adalah salah satu negara anggota ICSID yang diratifikasi dengan Undang-Undang No. 5 tahun 1968 tentang Persetujuan Atas Konvensi tentang Penyelesaian Perselisihan Antara Negara Dengan Warga Negara Asing Mengenai Penanaman Modal. Setiap sengketa antara Indonesia dan perusahaan Asing, dapat diselesaikan dengan menggunakan ICSID. 
Universalism Vs. Cultural Relativism dan Implementasinya dalam Hak Kebebasan Beragama Di Indonesia Jaya, Belardo Prasetya Mega; Arafat, Muhammad Rusli
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 17 No. 1 (2017): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v17i1.568

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The result of this research showed that universalism put human right (HAM) as universal values as formulated in International Bills of Human Rights. Human rights have been naturally owned by an individual. This is the universal nature of those rights where human rights are a natural rights theory and apply to anyone and everywhere. These rights cannot revoked by anyone, and also cannot be transferred from human to other human or regulated by the state. The State is obliged to fulfill those rights. In contrast to cultural relativism, which rejects the view of universal rights. Human rights must be placed in a particular cultural context in each country. Culture is the only source of legitimate rights or moral rules.
The Effectiveness of the World Health Organization (WHO) in Overcoming the Covid 19 Pandemic PM, Hilton Tarnama; Mega Jaya, Belardo Prasetya
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 21 No. 1 (2022): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v21i1.1990

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The Covid 19 outbreak has caused a lot of casualties. WHO as an international organization whose goal is to achieve health at the highest level has a responsibility to mitigate the spread of the virus and its victims. The authority possessed by WHO based on international law is effective in overcoming the covid 19 pandemic. All of the categorizations to assess the effectiveness of WHO can be fulfilled by WHO while showing that WHO has succeeded in overcoming the Covid 19 pandemic.
THE POLICY OF BANNING THE EXPORT OF RAW MATERIALS IN THE MINING SECTOR BY THE INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW P.M., Hilton Tarnama; Marpudin, Ade; Mega Jaya, Belardo Prasetya
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 22 No. 001 (2023): Pena Justisia (Special Issue)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v22i3.3333

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The management and utilization of natural resources by a country are manifestations of exercising national sovereignty. The Doctrine of Sovereignty is designed to provide equality among nations under the law to develop their countries towards prosperity and well-being. The policy of restricting and prohibiting the export of raw materials in the mining sector, such as nickel, gold, and tin, by the Indonesian government, is recognized under international law, particularly international trade law. This policy will bring beneficial impacts to Indonesia's economy. By having the capability to process natural resources independently, Indonesia can enhance its economic self-reliance, reduce dependency on imports, and improve the country's position in the global competition in the mining sector, ultimately leading to increased national revenue and providing greater well-being for the entire Indonesian population.
PEMBAGIAN KEWENANGAN TERHADAP PENEGAKAN HUKUM KAPAL ASING YANG MELAKUKAN IUU FISHING DI WPPNRI Prasetya Mega Jaya, Belardo; Ardhi Cahyani, Ferina; Musfiroh, Melisa; Rizki Islamiah, Kiki
NUSANTARA : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Vol 11, No 3 (2024): NUSANTARA : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Tapanuli Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31604/jips.v11i3.2024.1228-1238

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Dalam praktik operasional di lapangan, kerap kali timbul permasalahan tumpang tindih kewenangan dan pengawasan bersifat sectoral dalam penegakan hukum terhadap kapal asing yang melakukan IUU Fishing di WPPNRI. Oleh karena itu, Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pembagian kewenangan penegakan hukum terhadap IUU Fishing di WPPNRI dan Bagaimana Komunikasi Serta Koordinasi Antar Aparat Penegak Hukum IUU Fishing. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Terdapat beberapa lembaga dalam penegakan hukum perikanan di WPPNRI, yaitu: Badan Keamanan Laut (Bakamla); Angkatan Laut Indonesia; Satuan Polisi Air, Pegawai Negeri Sipil di Bidang Perikanan; Satuan Tugas Pemberantasan Penangkapan Ikan Secara Ilegal (illegal Fishing); Unit Kapal Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai; Jaksa Penuntut Umum; dan Hakim. Agar penegakan hukum berjalan dengan baik, dan lebih efektif, Kementrian Kelautan dan Perikanan dengan instansi lainnya dapat melakukan koordinasi satu sama lain dengan membentuk forum koordinasi.
Aspect of Justice in The Application of "Impoverishment" Concept in Asset Seizure Resulting from Corruption Offenses Jaya, Arizon Mega; Maroni; Fardiansyah, A Irzal; Soerjatisnanta, Hieronymus; Akib, Muhammad; Jaya, Belardo Prasetya Mega
Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan Vol 14 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Pusat Strategi Kebijakan Hukum dan Peradilan Mahkamah Agung RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25216/jhp.14.2.2025.377-400

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The main question and context of the discussion is whether the concept of impoverishment through asset confiscation in corruption cases in Indonesia fulfills the aspect of justice for defendants. This research will play a role in providing legal boundaries and certainty regarding the concept of impoverishment. This research used normative legal research. Normative legal research focuses on analyzing legal rules, principles, and doctrines to understand how the law should be, rather than how it is practiced. This research showed that the concept of impoverishing perpetrators of corruption crimes is interpreted as the confiscation of wealth/assets belonging to perpetrators of corruption crimes, which are the proceeds of corruption, and carried out in accordance with applicable regulations. Asset confiscation from perpetrators of corruption crimes must be implemented with legal measures that do not disregard the sense of justice and without disregarding or respecting the rights of the defendants and the property rights of others unrelated to the corruption case being handled, so the execution in the form of asset confiscation that can provide a sense of justice as it is conducted in a civilized manner and based on humanitarian values. Confiscating the wealth of defendants in corruption cases must be carried out proportionally, and the confiscation of individuals suspected of committing criminal acts of corruption must be upheld and must not violate constitutional principles.
Co-Authors Aceng Asnawi Rohani Ade Marpudin Afandi Sitamala Ahadi Fajrin Prasetya Ahmad Lanang Citrawan Ahmad Lanang Citrawan Ahmad Rayhan Akbar Ari Rangga Prabu Zulkifar Aldi Dwi Cahyo Aliyah Aliyah Alvandri Christian Rahmat Gulo Amirulloh Ahdad Anabela Callista Zahwa Andini Marwah Anditya, Ariesta Wibisono Anisa Lutfiah Annida Dwi Agustin Arafat, Muhammad Rusli Ardhi Cahyani, Ferina Asari Taufiqurrohman Asep Hakim Zakiran Aulia Rusdiana Awad Al Khalaf Azef Rahmat Hary Sapto Barora, Siti bin Mohd Rusli, Mohd Hazmi Bryan Alberto Chatri Pratiwi Ningrum Chelsea Tiara Septiani Malau Christian Sandy Pangestu Danial Danial Danial Danial dede agus, dede Devano, Aldo Devi Rakhmatika Diah Prihartini Dini Dewi Heniarti Dwi Edi Wibowo Edi Setiadi Elly Nurmahlia Erika Febriani Fachrurozy, Azriel Fanny Khalifatu Zanah Fardiansyah, A Irzal Fasyehhudin, Mohamad Febi Sasti Rahayu Ferina Ardhi Cahyani Fikry Nurhayadi Firanda Bery Amini Firdaus Firdaus Firdaus Firdaus Frisky Diaslestarie Gialdah Tapiansari Batubara Hairul Afandi Hanif, Hamdan Arief Hassan, Fareed Mohd Hera Susanti Hieronymus Soerjatisnanta Hikmayatul Muslimah Hilton Tarnama P.M. Hilton Tarnama PM Hilton Tarnama Putra M Idris Idris Ignatius Gita Hernata Imani, Sarah Haderizqi Irfi Silvia Amanda Irma Suryani Jastisia, Mentari Jaya, Arizon Mega Jefry Winter Luhut Hasudungan Justitia, Mentari Khairunnisa, Shofia Khoiruttamam Khoiruttamam Khotimah Estiyovionita Luthfia, Chaula Maharani, Dwi Gita Malida Hany, Elbirra Malik, Imam Ibnu Mareta Puspita Arianie Maroni Maroni Marpudin, Ade Maulana Shihabudin Mega Jaya, Arizon Mentari Jastisia Meutia Irdina Khairunnisa Mohamad Fasyehhudin Mohamad Fasyehhudin Mohamad Fasyehhudin Mohamad Hidayat Muhtar Mohammad Fasyehhudin Mokhamad Gisa Vitrana Muhamad Romdoni Muhammad Akib Muhammad Hasyim Abdullah Muhammad Ridwan Muhammad Rusli Arafat Muhayaroh Muhayaroh Muhtasor Jidan Muhyi Mohas Muhyi Mohas Mulkiah Nurazizah Musfiroh, Melisa Muyassaroh Muyassaroh Nasrul Hidayat Nida, Qotrun Norma Risca Pratiwi Novia Bella Alifvia Nur Sahroniah Nurikah, Nurikah nurlela Sari Nuryati Solapari Octavian, Ryan Prasetya, Ahadi Fajrin Puput Adela Rafdi Altaf Rahman, Yogi Muhammad Raissa Tsabitha Rara Anggraeni Nur Afifah Ratna Januarita Ratu Anggita Aprilia Regina Permatadewi Tantiany Gunawan Reine Rofiana Rena Yulia Ridho Pangestu Taufik Ridwan Ridwan Ridwan Ridwan Ridwan Ridwan, Ridwan Rika Ratna Permata Rima Oktavian Rio Primus Rizki Islamiah, Kiki Rofiana, Reine rohani, aceng asnawi Rully Syahrul Mucharom Rully Syahrul Mucharom, Rully Syahrul Sabaruddin, Nurul Azyani Zafirah Shofia Khairunnisa Siti Nur Aisah Solapari, Nuryati Suciati, Ranila Sulastri Sulastri Suriaamadja, Toto Tohir Surya Anom Sutriyani Adinda Putri Taufiqurrohman, Asari Tiara Destia Herman Trixi Karinina Dewi Sindhutomo Utami, Kery Wafdaa Taaz Hafsari Putri Wardatun Naddifah Wartoyo, Franciscus Xaverius Widya Jusu Adeningtyas Wijaya, Dani Wilda Riva Fadhilah Yeliana Septiani Noor Yoga Yuniadi Yogi Muhammad Rahman Yogi Muhammad Rahman Yogi Muhammad Rahman Yoshi Daud Shimada Yuliatiningsih, Aryuni