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Antimalarial activity of goat bile against Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in BALB/c mice Kholida Nur Aini; Windya Tri Hapsari; Kartika Arum Wardani; Heny Arwati; Willy Sandhika
Qanun Medika - Jurnal Kedokteran FK UMSurabaya Vol 4, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/jqm.v4i2.3540

Abstract

Abstract Goat bile has been used by some Indonesian people to treat malaria and increase their stamina. This study aimed to prove whether goat bile toxic or not in BALB/c mice and to verify the antimalarial activity of goat bile at various concentrations in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Acute toxicity test was performed using twenty male BALB/c mice with an average body weight of 25 grams, which were divided into four groups. Mice were given 25%, 50%, and 100% goat bile, respectively, while negative control was given distilled water. Any change in weight, odor, color, agitation, appearance, color of urine and feces, coma, and death, were recorded. A different set of mice were infected with P. berghei ANKA. This study conducted using the posttest only control group design with four treatments and five replications. A four day-treatment of goat bile was given by oral gavage to find out its effect on parasitemia level. Infected mice were divided randomly into 4 groups, where the GBNeg group as negative control was given only distilled water. The GB25, GB50, and GB100 groups were treated with 25%, 50%, and 100% goat bile, respectively. The parasitemia was observed daily on Giemsa-stained tail blood smears of each mice. No death or other sign of toxicity was found in goat bile-treated mice. Goat bile showed anti-malarial activity. The parasitemia in all goat bile treated groups was lower compared with the negative control group. The ED50 of goat bile against the growth of parasite was 48,55 %. Goat bile is a potential source of new antimalarial therapies. Further investigations are recommended to yield new anti-malarial drug candidates. Keywords                :    Goat bile, parasitemia, Plasmodium berghei ANKA, ED50Correspondence     :    heny-a@fk.unair.ac.id
Thrombocyte Count in Male and Female Adult of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Patients Lelyana Sih Afgriyuspita; Heny Arwati; Hartono Kahar
Qanun Medika - Jurnal Kedokteran FK UMSurabaya Vol 4, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/jqm.v4i2.3559

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AbstractThe trend of dengue virus infection in Indonesia has changed from children to older groups. Some studies suggested that different gender might affect the different progression of dengue infection, but its mechanism was unclear. This study analyzed the difference by evaluating the daily thrombocyte count pattern. An analytic observational study with a retrospective design was conducted using the secondary data collected from medical records in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya during 2017-2018. The samples were adult patients in the age range of 18-55 years old with DHF but without comorbidity or coinfection. The total number of samples was 40 patients. The average of thrombocyte count in both male and female patients decreased since the 3rd day of illness and reached the lowest level on the 6th day of illness then increased on the 7th day but did not reach the normal range. Although the majority of thrombocyte count in females was lower than males, there was no significant difference in thrombocyte count pattern between them. Keyword: Adult, DHF, Thrombocyte, GenderCorrespondence : heny-a@fk.unair.ac.id
Prevalence and risk factors of Ascaris lumbricoides infection in children of Manusak Village, Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia Meliance Bria; Heny Arwati; Indah Setyawati Tantular
Qanun Medika - Jurnal Kedokteran FK UMSurabaya Vol 5, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/jqm.v5i2.5191

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ABSTRACT Worm infection is one of the health problems in all tropical countries, including Indonesia. The most frequent helminthiasis is the infection caused by the Soil-Transmitted Helminth. Primary school-age children are an age group that is susceptible to helminthiasis. Worm infections can cause a serious impact if left untreated with no clean and healthy lifestyle. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors of STH in children of Manusak Village, East Kupang Subdistrict, Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara Province, followed by the characterization of subjects. The analytic observational design with the cross-sectional study was applied to this research. Research subjects were 130 children aged 6-12 years old. The infection was diagnosed microscopically by the Katokatz method. Ascaris lumbricoides were the only species found infecting a total of 50 children (38.4%.). The distribution of ascariasis was higher in girls (30 or 23.08%) than in boys (20 or 15.38%), in children whose parents have no formal education (41 or 31.54%), and who their professions are a farmer. Poor hygiene and sanitation such as no washing hands with soap (27 or 20.77%) as well as the habit of not wearing footwear (47 or 36.2%) and bowel habit on the open areas (35 or 26.92%)  are the risks factors causing the high incidence of A. lumbricoides in the studied area. Enlightenment to the parents regarding good personal and environmental hygiene and sanitation along with chemotherapy from the government and related agencies is needed to achieve a durable reduction of the burden of ascariasis and other STH infection. Keywords                   : Soil Transmitted Helminth, Ascaris lumbricoides, children,                                      Kupang DistrictCorrespondence        : heny-a@fk.unair.ac.id
Nephroprotective effect of virgin coconut oil in Plasmodium berghei ANKA infected Balb/c mice Syafarinah Nur Hidayah Akil; Heny Arwati; Puspa Wardhani; Priangga Adi Wiratama
Qanun Medika - Jurnal Kedokteran FK UMSurabaya Vol 5, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/jqm.v5i2.5791

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AbstractMalaria is a parasitic infectious disease caused by Plasmodium, which remains a world health problem with an estimated 219 million cases worldwide. In severe malaria infection, several organs of the body can be affected, including the kidneys. One of the pathophysiology associated with the worsening of this disease is oxidative stress. The use of antioxidants is expected to prevent this, and one product that has a high antioxidant content is virgin coconut oil (VCO). This study aimed to analyze the effect of VCO on the kidney in Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected mice. This study was an in vivo laboratory experimental study with a randomized post-test only control group design using 35 BALB/c mice infected with P. berghei ANKA, weighing 20-30 grams. VCO with the Javara® brand is used with doses of 1, 5, and 10 ml/kg body weight (kgBW)/ day. The parameter assessed were levels of BUN, creatinine, and renal histopathological changes. The administration of VCO on the treated group shows minimal tubular necrosis and glomerulonephritis compared to the negative control group. The BUN and creatinine levels in the treated group were also lower than the negative control group. The results showed that VCO has a nephroprotective effect against P. berghei ANKA infection in mice.Keywords: malaria, kidney, virgin coconut oil
The differences of parasitemia and lungs size in malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (MA-ARDS) and non-MA-ARDS in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA Eka Noviya Fuzianingsih; Cyuzuzo Callixte; Marselaonety La’lang; Dinda Eka Putri; Heny Arwati; Lucia Tri Suwanti
Qanun Medika - Jurnal Kedokteran FK UMSurabaya Vol 6, No 1 (2022): Journal Qanun Medika Vol 6 No 01
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/jqm.v6i1.8853

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Malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (MA-ARDS) is characterized by extensive infiltration of leukocytes, microhemorrhages, vasogenic edema, changes in lung color, and a significant increase in the weight of the lung. This study was aimed to find out the differences in parasitemia and lung size in MA-ARDSand non-MA-ARDSin mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Sixteen male BALB/c mice were infected with P. berghei ANKA, and daily parasitemia was observed on Giemsa-stained tail blood smears. Mice were sacrificed when parasitemia reached ±20%. Simultaneously eight uninfected mice were used as negative control (NEG). The statistical analysis was done using Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney U tests, and Spearman correlation test. The results showed that there were significant differences in parasitemia (p=0.001), weight (p=0.001), and lung length (p=0.021) between the MA-ARDS and non-MA-ARDS groups. Comparison of NEG and MA-ARDS resulted in a significant difference in lung size (p=0.05). When non-MA-ARDScompared with NEG groups, it showed a significant difference in lung width (p=0.001). However, there was no significant difference in lung weight and length (p>0.05). Spearman correlation test showed that there was a strong correlation between parasitemia with weight (p=0.000), length (p=0.001), and lung width (p=0.017). The findings indicated that parasitemia played a role in the development of MA-ARDS in mice infected with P. berghei ANKA and influenced the size of the lung. 
Contamination of water and soil of rice fields with soil transmitted helminths as source of transmission to farmers in Grogol sub-district, Kediri district Siti Munawaroh; Heny Arwati; Puspa Wardhani
Qanun Medika - Jurnal Kedokteran FK UMSurabaya Vol 4, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/jqm.v4i1.3402

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ABSTRACTSoil-transmitted helminths (STH) are the worms which transmitted through the soil. The people of Dusun Semen, Grogol, Kediri have a habit of defecating in the river. Farmers who work in direct contact with water and soil is possible to be infected with STH. The purpose of this study was to determine STH species in water, soils, and farmer's fecal samples. Water samples were collected from three spots of river A and B, soil samples from 43 rice fields, and fecal samples from 50 farmers. Water samples were examined by sedimentation, soil samples by floatation, and fecal samples by Kato-Katz method. The data were then analyzed by Chi square test. Out of 18 water samples, 12 samples (66.7%) were positive, consisted of 4 samples (22.2%) contained of Ascaris lumbricoides and 8 samples (44.4%) contained Trichuris trichiura. Total soil samples were 129, where 8 samples (6.2%) were positive for A. lumbricoides, and 10 samples (7.7%) for T. trichiura. Out of 50 villagers, only 39 gave the fecal samples, where 12 samples (31.0%) were positive consisted of 5 samples (12.8%) for A. lumbricoides, 8 samples (20.5%) for T.trichiura. In conclusion, the STH species found in the media of water, soil, and feces of farmers are the similar namely A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura. Positive farmer samples prove STH transmission from STH contaminated water and soil.Keyword: Water, soil, feces, soil transmitted helminths
Sequestration of erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA in BALB/c mice treated with goat bile Kartika Arum Wardani; Kholida Nur Aini; Heny Arwati; Willy Sandhika
Qanun Medika - Jurnal Kedokteran FK UMSurabaya Vol 4, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/jqm.v4i2.3539

Abstract

Abstract Sequestration of Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected erythrocytes occurs in BALB/c mice as characteristic of  Plasmodium falciparum infection in humans. Animals’ bile has been widely used for centuries in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Goat bile has been used in healing infectious and non-infectious diseases; however, no report on the use of goat bile against malaria infection and sequestration. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between parasitemia and sequestration in the liver of P.berghei ANKA-infected BALB/c mice treated with goat bile. This research was an in vivo experimental study using the post-test control group design. The male BALB/c mice aged ± 6 weeks, body weight 20-25 g were used. The mice were divided into five groups where Group 1-3 were mice treated with goat bile 25%, 50%, and 100%, respectively. Group 4-5 were negative (sterile water) and positive controls (DHP). Parasitemia was observed daily from each mouse and the number of sequestered infected erythrocytes on the endothelium of sinusoids. The data were analyzed using t independent test. Antimalarial activity of goat bile was shown by the lower parasitemia in goat bile-treated mice compared with the negative control. The average number of sequestration was goat bile concentration-dependent manner. The higher the concentration, the lower the number of sequestration. Sequestration was correlated with parasitemia (p=0,0001). Sequestration of P.berghei ANKA-infected erythrocytes correlated with parasitemia, and was goat bile concentration-dependent manner. Keywords: Malaria, parasitemia, sequestration, goat bileCorrespondence: arwatiheny@gmail.com
Potensi Ekstrak Kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.F) Bedd) terhadap Kadar Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alfa (TNF-α) pada Mencit BALB/c yang Diinfeksi Plasmodium berghei ANKA Denny P.N.H. Margono; Eko Suhartono; Heny Arwati
Berkala Kedokteran Vol 12, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (333.902 KB) | DOI: 10.20527/jbk.v12i1.359

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Abstract: Malaria remains a major public health problem in most tropical and subtropical countries, including Indonesia. Severe malaria has a high mortality rate despite treatment with effective antimalarial drug. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-alfa (TNF-α) is raised in severe malaria.  In South Kalimantan, the kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.f) Bedd) has few uses for treat fever and infectious diseases.  It contains bioactive substances, such as flavonoids, steroids, and alkaloids which have been reported to exert multiple biological effects, including anti-inflammatory action.   The aim of this study is to find out the potential of kelakai extract (KE) againts TNF-α level in BALB/c mice infected P. berghei ANKA. The research is true experimental study, Posttest-only with Control Group Design. Teatment groups were devided into 4 groups treated with 10 mg/kg BW, 100 mg/kg BW of KE, and 36,4 mg/kg BW artesunate orally (positive control), 3 hours post infection and when parasitemia reached 15-20%. Negative controls were without KE treatment and P. berghei infection. Treatment were given for four days. Blood was collected 24 hours after the last treatment. Plasma TNF-α level were measured by sandwich ELISA. Data was analyzed by using Kruskal-Wallis Test, confidence rate at 95%.  There was a significant different between treatment groups, where p = 0,000 (p < 0,05). KE potential to inhibit TNF-α production in Pb3K100A- group (p = 0,047).Keywords : Malaria,  TNF-α, Stenochlaena palustris Abstrak:  Malaria masih menjadi masalah kesehatan utama pada sebagian besar negara tropis dan subtropis, termasuk Indonesia.  Malaria berat menyebabkan angka kematian yang tinggi meskipun telah mendapat obat anti malaria yang efektif.  Sitokin pro-inflamasi seperti TNF-α meningkat pada malaria berat.  Di Kalimantan Selatan, tanaman kelakai digunakan untuk mengobati demam dan penyakit infeksi.  Kelakai mengandung senyawa-senyawa bioaktif  antara lain flavonoid, steroid, dan alkaloid yang dilaporkan banyak memiliki efek biologis, termasuk aktivitas anti-inflamasi.  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi ekstrak kelakai terhadap kadar TNF-α pada mencit BALB/c yang diinfeksi P. berghei ANKA.  Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental murni dengan Posttest-only with Control Group Design.  Kelompok perlakuan dibagi menjadi 4 yaitu kelompok yang mendapat ekstrak kelakai per oral 10 mg/kg BB, 100 mg/kg BB, artesunat 36,4 mg/kg BB (kontrol positif) 3 jam setelah infeksi dan pada saat parasitemia mencapai 15-20%.  Kontrol negatif  tidak mendapat ekstrak kelakai, artesunat, dan infeksi parasit.  Perlakuan diberikan selama 4 hari.  Sampel darah diambil 24 jam setelah perlakuan terakhir.  Kadar TNF-α diukur dengan ELISA metode sandwich.  Data dianalisa dengan Uji Kruskal-Wallis, dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%.  Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok perlakuan, nilai p = 0,000 (p<0,05).  Ekstrak kelakai berpotensi menghambat produksi TNF-α pada kelompok Pb3K100A- (p = 0,047). Kata-kata kunci : Malaria, TNF-α, Stenochlaena palustris
Fauna of Culex Mosquitoes In Salamwates Village Dongko Subdistrict, Trenggalek City Mardliyana Shalihah; Budi Utomo; Subagyo Yotopranoto; Heny Arwati
Biomolecular and Health Science Journal Vol. 3 No. 1 (2020): Biomolecular and Health Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bhsj.v3i1.19089

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Introduction: Mosquito-borne diseases are still a burden worldwide, including in Indonesia. Some of those diseases, such as filariasis and Japanese encephalitis, are transmitted by some species of Culex mosquitoes. We aimed to describe the fauna of Culex mosquitoes in Salamwates village, Dongko subdistrict, Trenggalek district. Methods: Female Culex mosquitoes were collected in Salamwates village at night using the methods of indoor human-baited double bed-net trap and outdoor cow-baited double bed-net trap. The spesies of collected Culex mosquitoes were identified based on identification guide published by Ministry of Health of Republic Indonesia. Results: There were 67 identifiable female mosquitoes collected using cow-baited methods and no female mosquitoes collected using human-baited methods. Those mosquitoes consisted of nine species. Culex tritaeniorhynchus (29.85%), C. gelidus (23.88%), C. vishnui (13.43%), C. pseudovishnui (11.94%) were the dominant species. The peaks of biting activities were at 18.45-19.00 and 23.45-24.00.  Conclusion: Nine species of Culex mosquitoes collected using cow-baited methods. C. tritaeniorhynchus was the dominant species. Those mosquitoes were zoophilic and exophagic. The peaks of biting activities of the Culex mosquitoes were at dusk and midnight.
Antimalarial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Noni Leaves (Morinda citrifolia) towards Parasitemia, Splenomegaly, and Hepatomegaly in Plasmodium berghei ANKA Infected Mice Putri Rahayu; Yetti Hernaningsih; Heny Arwati
Biomolecular and Health Science Journal Vol. 4 No. 1 (2021): Biomolecular and Health Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bhsj.v4i1.26913

Abstract

Introduction: Malaria is one of the infectious diseases found in tropical countries and sub-tropical countries. In 2016 there were an estimated 445,000 people died to malaria. Alternative medicine is needed, such as natural based ingredient. Morinda citrifolia or noni plant is a medicinal plant found in all parts of Indonesia which has many benefits, such as antibacterial, analgesic, anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. The aims of this study were to determine the antimalarial activity of ethanol extract of noni leaves and its effect on splenomegaly and hepatomegaly.Methods: Extract of noni leaves was prepared by maceration using ethanol solvent. In vivo experiments were conducted using Plasmodium berghei infected BALB/c mice treated with the doses of 100, 10, 1 mg/kg body weight(BW) orally of ethanolic extract of noni leaves. Then, the percentage of parasitemia was calculated from day 1 to day 4 after treatment and at the end of the test, mice were sacrificed then spleen and liver were collected. Results: The highest parasite growth was found in the group treated with noni leaves ethanol extract at a dose of 1 mg/kg WB and vice versa. Probit analysis resulted in ED50 was 0.882 mg/kg WB. Spearmen test showed there was no correlation between doses and the size of splenomegaly with p=0,2 and between doses and the size of hepatomegaly with p=0,6.Conclusion: Ethanol extract of noni leaves possessed antimalaria activity and there was no correlation between doses of extract and t he splenomegaly and hepatomegaly.
Co-Authors Alpha Fardah Athiyyah Amadeus Michel Goein Anak Agung Istri Sri Wiadnyani Apsari, Putu Indah Budi Apsari, Putu Indah Budi Aryati Aryati atika Awwaliyah Azmi Izzati Bagus Dwi Nugraha Budi Utomo Budi Utomo Cyuzuzo Callixte Cyuzuzo Callixte Cyuzuzo Callixte Cyuzuzo, Callixte Denny Margono Denny P.N.H. Margono Denny P.N.H. Margono, Denny P.N.H. Dewi Hariyani Dinda Eka Putri Dusabimana Jean Damascene Dwi Susanti Dyah Ayu Febiyanti Eko Suhartono Fathmawati Fathmawati Florentina Sustini Frista Amalia Fuzianingsih, Eka Noviya Gabriel Zean Gunawan, Inggil Mukti Hartono Kahar, Hartono Hebert Adrianto Hidayat, Poppy Inas Hasna Azizah Indah S Tantular Indah Setyawati Tantular, Indah Setyawati INDAH TANTULAR Irene, Tuyishimire Jelita Aprisano Putri Jelita Aprisano Putri Juniastuti Juniastuti Kartika Arum Wardani KARTIKASARI, DWI PENI Khairul Bariyah, Khairul Kholida Nur Aini Kris Cahyo Mulyatno, Kris Cahyo Kusmartisnawati Kusmartisnawati Kusmartisnawati Kusmartisnawati, Kusmartisnawati Laily Nur Azizah Lelyana Sih Afgriyuspita Linda Dewanti Lindarto, Wira Widjaya Lucia Tri Suwanti, Lucia Tri M. Yasin Fitri Nugroho Majematang Mading Mardliyana Shalihah Marselaonety La’lang Meliance Bria Moses Tende Stephens Mufassirin Mufassirin Muhammad Kazwaini Muhammad Zulkifly Tasman Nabilla Feirizky Chairunnisa Nabilla Feirizky Chairunnisa Nathania Disa Ariesta Andriani Navisa, Claudia Clary Ni Wayan Winianti Nindya Tresiana Putri Nsanzimana Jean Baptiste Nurdianto, Arif Rahman Nurina Hasanatuludhhiyah Poppy Hidayat Priangga Adi Wiratama Puspa Wardhani Puspa Wardhani Puspa Wardhani Putri Rahayu putu indah budi apsari R. Heru Prasetyo Rahmatullah, Ivan Raudatul Jannah Rosalia Friska Ananda Rossyanti, Lynda Selviana Selviana Shoukat, Shahzad Sillehu, Sahrir Siti Munawaroh SRI HIDAJATI Sri Subekti Sriwijayanti Sulistyawati Stevani Florentia Bahi Subagyo Yotopranoto Subagyo Yotopranoto SUBAGYO YOTOPRANOTO Subagyo Yotopranoto Sudjajadi Keman Suhintam Pusarawati Sukmawati Basuki Suprapto Maat Supriyanto Supriyanto SUSANTI, DWI Syafarinah Nur Hidayah Akil Tantular, Indah Tanzilia, May Fanny Thomas Tandi Manu Willy Sandhika Windya Tri Hapsari Wiwied Ekasari Yetti Hernaningsih Yoes Prijatna Dachlan Yuniawan, Farah Shabrina Amazida Yuwono Marta Dinata