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All Journal Lentera Hukum Veritas et Justitia Diponegoro Law Review Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM Sriwijaya Law Review Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada WAJAH HUKUM KERTHA WICAKSANA Unes Law Review Supremasi Hukum: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum Rechtsregel : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum JURNAL RECHTENS Syntax Idea Jurnal Ilmu Hukum KYADIREN SOSIOEDUKASI : JURNAL ILMIAH ILMU PENDIDIKAN DAN SOSIAL Jurnal Suara Hukum Jurnal Supremasi Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Indonesian Journal of Law and Society Jurnal Penegakan Hukum Indonesia (JPHI) International Journal of Educational Research and Social Sciences (IJERSC) PAMALI: Pattimura Magister Law Review International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS) Suloh : Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Malikussaleh PATTIMURA Legal Journal Indonesia Law Review (ILREV) Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities Jurnal Hukum, Politik dan Ilmu Sosial (JHPIS) PUSKAPSI Law Review Al-Zayn: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum QOSIM: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial & Humaniora Jurnal As-Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga Jurnal Anti Korupsi Jurnal Riset Multidisiplin Edukasi JILS (Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies) Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies PUSKAPSI Law Review Jurnal Penegakan Hukum Indonesia (JPHI) Rechtenstudent Journal Jurnal Kajian Pembaruan Hukum
I Gede Widhiana Suarda
Faculty Of Law, University Of Jember
Religion Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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CONTROVERSY OF EQUAL RIGHTS TO THE APPLICATION OF THE DEATH PENALTY TO EXTRA ORDINARY CRIME PERSPECTIVE PANCASILA WITH JUSTICE Billy Pahlevy Islamy; Nurdin Nurdin; Dominikus Rato; I Gede Widhiarna Suarda; Bayu Dwi Anggono
SOSIOEDUKASI Vol 14 No 4 (2025): SOSIOEDUKASI : JURNAL ILMIAH ILMU PENDIDIKAN DAN SOSIAL
Publisher : Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universaitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/sosioedukasi.v14i4.6990

Abstract

This study explores the controversy surrounding the application of the death penalty to perpetrators of extraordinary crimes from the perspective of Pancasila, which upholds the principles of civilized justice. Although the death penalty is officially regulated in the Criminal Code and sectoral laws related to narcotics, terrorism, and corruption, its practice shows inconsistencies. The state strongly enforces the death penalty for drug and terrorism offenders but is more lenient toward corruption offenders, even though the law allows the death penalty under certain circumstances. This disparity raises concerns about potential abuse of power, violates the principle of equality before the law, and undermines public trust in the legal system. The research employs a qualitative method with a normative legal approach, analyzing laws and regulations, doctrines, court decisions, and relevant academic literature. The analysis is conducted descriptively and analytically, with Pancasila used as an evaluative framework. The findings emphasize the need for consistent application of the death penalty for all extraordinary crimes to ensure that the law upholds substantive justice. Using Pancasila as a benchmark, the state is expected to enforce the law in an equitable, accountable, and fair manner, so that the death penalty serves as an instrument of justice rather than a tool of power.
Legal Certainty in the Criminalization of Directors Misusing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Funds Ade Irma Suryani; I Gede Widhiana Suarda; Y. A Triana Ohoiwutun
Rechtenstudent Vol. 6 No. 3 (2025): Rechtenstudent December 2025
Publisher : Sharia Faculty, Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq State Islamic University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/rch.v6i3.374

Abstract

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a legal obligation for companies as regulated in Article 74 of Law No. 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies (PT Law). However, in practice, misuse of CSR funds remains common in both private companies and State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN), creating adverse impacts on society and the government. This study aims to examine the legal framework governing the criminal liability of directors for the misuse of CSR funds within the Indonesian criminal law system and to analyze the application of the principle of legal certainty. Using a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, the study finds that directors may be held criminally liable under Article 488 of the Criminal Code when CSR funds are misused in private companies, while similar acts in BUMN may be categorized as corruption under Articles 2 and 3 of the Corruption Law. Nonetheless, ambiguity within Article 74 of the PT Law continues to generate multiple interpretations, potentially hindering legal enforcement and conflicting with the principles of legality and legal certainty. Therefore, a specific regulation (lex specialis) addressing directors’ criminal liability in CSR fund management is required to enhance legal certainty and strengthen accountable and transparent corporate governance.
The Philosophy of Law in Enforcing Criminal Liability for Nominee Accounts: A Comparative Study of Indonesia and Pakistan Ginting, Beren Rukur; Suarda, I Gede Widhiana; Rato, Dominikus; Anggono, Bayu Dwi; Abbas, Shahzada Rahim
PAMALI: Pattimura Magister Law Review Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): MARCH
Publisher : Postgraduate Program in Law, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47268/pamali.v6i1.3654

Abstract

Introduction: The use of nominee accounts is an increasingly prevalent phenomenon in the practice of financial crimes, such as money laundering, tax evasion, and the financing of other criminal acts. The nominee account is basically used to disguise the identity of the actual beneficial owner, thus posing a serious challenge in the enforcement of criminal responsibility.Purposes of the Research: This study aims to analyze the concepts and foundations of legal philosophy, especially justice, legal certainty, and usefulness in the enforcement of criminal liability for the use of nominee accounts in Indonesia and Pakistan, as well as compare the positive legal arrangements that apply in the two countries.Methods of the Research: This research uses normative legal research methods with approaches to legal philosophy, legislation, and comparative law.Results Main Findings of the Research: The findings of the study show that philosophically, the enforcement of criminal liability against nominee accounts in Indonesia and Pakistan is based on efforts to realize substantive justice by penetrating the formalities of legal ownership to reveal the true beneficial owners. From the perspective of legal certainty, both Indonesia and Pakistan still face challenges due to the lack of an explicit and comprehensive regulation of nominee accounts, so law enforcement often relies on the interpretation of other criminal norms, such as money laundering and banking crimes. Meanwhile, from the aspect of utility, regulation and law enforcement of nominee accounts are directed to maintain financial system stability, prevent abuse of the banking system, and protect the interests of the community and the state. Legally positive, Indonesia regulates criminal liability related to nominee accounts indirectly through the Money Laundering Act, banking regulations, and policies related to beneficial ownership, while Pakistan regulates it through an anti-money laundering legal framework and financial sector regulations that emphasize ownership transparency and due diligence obligations. This comparison shows that although the two countries have similar normative approaches, the difference lies in the explicit level of regulation and effectiveness of their implementation. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the philosophical foundation and harmonize legal arrangements to ensure the enforcement of fair, definite, and beneficial criminal liability for the practice of using nominee accounts.
Criminal Law Politics and Punishment Theories: A Comparative Study of Retributive vs. Restorative Justice in Indonesia and Georgia Nur Ainy Amira Puspitaning Suwandi; Lutfi Nur Aida; I Gede Widhiana Suarda; Y A Triana Ohoiwutun; Maia Kapanadze
PATTIMURA Legal Journal Volume 4 Issue 3 December (2025): PATTIMURA Legal Journal
Publisher : Postgraduate Program Doctoral in Law, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47268/pela.v4i3.21767

Abstract

Introduction: The debate between retributive and restorative justice remains a central issue in the politics of criminal law across jurisdictions. Indonesia and Georgia represent two countries undergoing legal transitions with distinct historical and socio-political contexts, yet both face similar challenges in determining the orientation of their penal policies. Purposes of the Research: This study aims to analyze the differences in the application of retributive and restorative penal theories within the criminal law policies of Indonesia and Georgia, as well as to identify the factors influencing these orientations. Methods of the Research: The research adopts a normative legal method with a comparative approach, examining statutory provisions, legal doctrines, and relevant judicial decisions. Results Main Findings of the Research: The findings reveal that Indonesia continues to rely on its colonial legacy through the Criminal Code, which predominantly reflects a retributive paradigm, while gradually incorporating restorative principles in specific legislation such as the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Law. Conversely, Georgia, which previously enforced an extreme zero tolerance policy rooted in a retributive approach, has shifted toward restorative justice within its juvenile justice system through the enactment of the Juvenile Justice Code of 2015. The novelty of this research lies in its comparative analysis, which uncovers how historical, cultural, political, socio-economic, and legal factors shape each country’s penal orientation. These findings contribute to the development of comparative criminal law scholarship and provide valuable insights for promoting more balanced penal policies that integrate both retributive and restorative justice.
A Philosophical and Comparative Legal Analysis of Amnesty: Lessons from Indonesia and the United States Dwi Novantoro; I Gede Widhiana Suarda; Dominikus Rato; Bayu Dwi Anggono; Dinara F Abdunayimova
PATTIMURA Legal Journal Volume 5 Issue 1 April (2026): PATTIMURA Legal Journal
Publisher : Postgraduate Program Doctoral in Law, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47268/pela.v5i1.23893

Abstract

Introduction: Amnesty occupies an uneasy position within contemporary legal systems, situated between the ideals of justice, mercy, and constitutional authority. While often justified as an extraordinary legal response to exceptional circumstances, its application continues to provoke concerns regarding legal certainty, equality before the law, and institutional accountability within modern constitutional democracies. Purposes of the Research: This article seeks to explore the philosophical foundations and legal justification of amnesty through a comparative analysis of its practice in Indonesia and the United States. It aims to examine how differing constitutional traditions conceptualise the legitimacy, limits, and moral implications of amnesty as a legal institution. Methods of the Research: The research adopts a normative legal methodology employing philosophical, statutory, and comparative approaches. Constitutional texts, legal doctrines, and theoretical perspectives are analysed through qualitative legal reasoning in order to assess the normative coherence of amnesty within each legal system. Results Main Findings of the Research: The findings indicate that although both Indonesia and the United States recognise amnesty as an extraordinary legal mechanism, they diverge significantly in terms of constitutional design, institutional safeguards, and moral justification. This article contributes by reframing amnesty not merely as an executive prerogative, but as a legal institution that demands philosophical accountability and constitutional restraint.
Kedudukan Amnesti dalam Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana di Indonesia Dwi Novantoro; I Gede Widhiana Suarda; Y.A. Triana Ohoiwutun
Jurnal QOSIM : Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial & Humaniora Vol 4 No 3 (2026): 2026
Publisher : Yayasan pendidikan dzurriyatul Quran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61104/jq.v4i3.7922

Abstract

Ketentuan amnesti merupakan salah satu dari 4 (empat) bentuk pengampunan yang merupakan hak prerogatif Presiden berdasarkan Pasal 14 UUD NRI 1945. Selain tersurat dalam Pasal 14 ayat (2) UUD NRI 1945 dan Pasal 1 dan Pasal 4 UU Darurat RI Nomor 11 Tahun 1954 tentang Amnesti dan Abolisi, sebagai pembaharuan hukum pidana, amnesti merupakan salah satu aspek yang membuat gugurnya kewenangan penuntutan sebagaimana tersurat dalam Pasal 132 ayat (1) huruf h UU 1/2023 tentang KUHP dan  Pasal 71 ayat (2) huruf h UU 20/2025 tentang KUHAP serta Pasal 132 ayat (1) huruf h UU 1/2026 tentang Penyesuaian Pidana. Amnesti juga merupakan salah satu aspek yang membuat gugurnya kewenangan pelaksanaan pidana sebagaimana tersurat dalam Pasal 140 huruf c UU 1/2023 tentang KUHP. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kedudukan amnesti dalam sistem peradilan pidana demi terwujudnya supremasi hukum yang berkepastian dan berkeadilan.
Legal Certainty in the Criminalization of Directors Misusing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Funds Ade Irma Suryani; I Gede Widhiana Suarda; Y. A Triana Ohoiwutun
Rechtenstudent Vol. 6 No. 3 (2025): Rechtenstudent December 2025
Publisher : Sharia Faculty, Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq State Islamic University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/rch.v6i3.374

Abstract

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a legal obligation for companies as regulated in Article 74 of Law No. 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies (PT Law). However, in practice, misuse of CSR funds remains common in both private companies and State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN), creating adverse impacts on society and the government. This study aims to examine the legal framework governing the criminal liability of directors for the misuse of CSR funds within the Indonesian criminal law system and to analyze the application of the principle of legal certainty. Using a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, the study finds that directors may be held criminally liable under Article 488 of the Criminal Code when CSR funds are misused in private companies, while similar acts in BUMN may be categorized as corruption under Articles 2 and 3 of the Corruption Law. Nonetheless, ambiguity within Article 74 of the PT Law continues to generate multiple interpretations, potentially hindering legal enforcement and conflicting with the principles of legality and legal certainty. Therefore, a specific regulation (lex specialis) addressing directors’ criminal liability in CSR fund management is required to enhance legal certainty and strengthen accountable and transparent corporate governance.
Illicit Enrichment and Human Rights: Comparative Legal Policy in Indonesia and Poland Ismail Marzuki; I Gede Widhiana Suarda; Fanny Tanuwijaya; Gautama Budi Arundhati
Jurnal Suara Hukum Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Suara Hukum
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/jsh.v8n1.p301-323

Abstract

Corruption in Indonesia has been classified as an extraordinary crime; however, the absence of an illicit enrichment offense has resulted in law enforcement primarily targeting the symptoms of corruption rather than its root cause, namely the accumulation of disproportionate and unexplained wealth. This condition creates an urgent need to examine the potential criminalization of illicit enrichment while ensuring the protection of human rights. This study aims to analyze the construction of legal policy in Indonesia and Poland and to assess the extent to which criminal law policies concerning illicit enrichment in both jurisdictions integrate fundamental principles of criminal law and human rights within their normative design. The research employs a normative legal method, applying both comparative and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that Indonesia remains in a transitional phase between the orientations of state efficiency and defendant’s rights, whereas Poland places greater emphasis on rights protection through the mechanism of extended confiscation. The criminalization of illicit enrichment can only be justified if it is formulated with precision and proportionality in order to maintain a fair balance between the effectiveness of anti-corruption enforcement and the protection of fundamental human rights.
Illicit Cigarette Trade in Indonesia: Trends and Analysis from the Recent Judgments I Gede Widhiana Suarda; Evan Hamman; Bayu Dwi Anggono; Fendi Setyawan; Moch. Marsa Taufiqurohman; Zaki Priambudi
Sriwijaya Law Review Volume 8 Issue 1, January 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Sriwijaya University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28946/slrev.Vol8.Iss1.2726.pp38-59

Abstract

The illicit cigarette trade has begun to receive scholarly attention globally. Empirical studies on the illicit cigarette trade are available in the context of Indonesia. However, the Indonesian judicial system lacks a focus on treating illegal practices. To fill the gap, we examine Indonesian court decisions involving the illicit cigarette trade between 2010 and 2019. We provide an overview of the enforcement of Indonesia’s Excise Law 2007 relating to offences related to the illicit cigarette trade. By using a systematic quantitative literature review, we collected data on Indonesian court decisions and found the following: (1) convictions for the practice of illicit trade in cigarettes were relatively steady, with a total number from one to six court decisions annually; (2) certain offences from Indonesia Excise Law 2007 have not been found in the convictions, suggesting their underutilisation in terms of monitoring and enforcement effort; (3) the primary motivation of illicit cigarette traders as reported through the judicial system is the economic benefit or “profit” available to the enterprise; and (4) the sentencing decisions are dominated by the application of the “cumulative principle” with fines and imprisonment applied at the same time. The finding on the average length of imprisonment for illicit cigarettes, which was around 18 months, shows that this crime has low risk compared with the punishment for illicit trade in drugs and narcotics in Indonesia.
Digital Evidence Management in the Criminal Justice System: Towards a Fair and Technology-Responsive Legal Framework Ismail Marzuki; I Gede Widhiana Suarda; Fendi Setyawan; Reece Walters
IJCLS (Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies) Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Indonesia J. Crim. L. Studies (May, 2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcls.v11i1.47067

Abstract

The increasing reliance on digital evidence in criminal justice proceedings poses new challenges for legal systems that were traditionally built to deal with physical and conventional evidence. With the development of information technology, digital data such as electronic communications, digital traces, and cyber forensic artefacts have become an important part of criminal case evidence. This article presents a conceptual analysis of the urgency of fair and technology-responsive digital evidence management in the criminal justice system. Through a literature review of legal theory, international practices, and national regulations, this paper identifies significant legal gaps, particularly in data authenticity, the chain of evidence, the validity of evidence, and the protection of privacy rights. In its novelty, this article proposes a five-pillar model for the governance of digital evidence, encompassing the principles of legality, evidence integrity, procedural justice, legal digital literacy, and institutional accountability, as an integrated framework to strengthen the management of digital evidence in Indonesia. This model provides a systematic approach that not only focuses on the technical aspects of digital forensics but also integrates legal normative standards, institutional capacity building, and the protection of fundamental rights within the criminal justice process. The scientific contribution of this research lies in its effort to bridge the conceptual gap between the principle of procedural justice and digital forensic practices within the criminal justice system, thereby supporting the realization of a legal framework that is responsive, transparent, adaptable to technological advancements, and oriented toward the protection of human rights. Ultimately, this article calls for a legal framework that not only accommodates the characteristics of digital evidence but also protects defendants' fundamental rights in criminal proceedings.
Co-Authors Abbas, Shahzada Rahim Ade Irma Suryani Afifah Nur Azizah Ahmad Al Farobi Gomila Putra Ahmad Fahrudin Ainul Azizah Alfalah Naufal Yufianda Andriani Naftali, Septina Angga Wardana Annas Rashid Musthafa Anwar, Iryana Arief Amrullah, M. Awaludin Marwan Azizah, Afifah Nur A’an Efendi Bayu Dwi Anggono Bayu Dwi Anggono Bayu Dwi Anggono Billy Pahlevy Islamy Dina Tsalist Wildana, Dina Tsalist Dinara F Abdunayimova Dominikus Rato Dominikus Rato Dominikus Rato Dwi Novantoro Dwi Novantoro Efendi, Aan Ermanto Fahamsyah Evan Hamman Fajrin, Nabila Fanny Tanuwijaya Fendi Setyawan Fendi Setyawan Fendi Setyawan Firman Floranta Adonara Fiska Maulidian Nugroho Gautama Budi Arundhati, Gautama Budi Ginting, Beren Rukur Glenn Wijaya Godeliva Ayudyana Suyudi Godeliva Ayudyana Suyudi Habi Burrohim Hariyono, Dwiki Agus Heqqy Rioscar Bramanta Herlangga, Armanda I Gusti Agung Dian Hendrawan I Made Putra Arya Wiranata I Nyoman Gede Surya Mataram Ismail Ismail Ismail Marzuki Lutfi Nur Aida Maia Kapanadze Mardianto, Cuk Indah Mardiyono Mardiyono Marzuki, Ismail Miftahul Huda Moch. Marsa Taufiqurohman Moch. Marsa Taufiqurrohman Moh. Muhlisin Natasya Aulia Putri Nugroho, Fiska Maulidian Nur Ainy Amira Puspitaning Suwandi Nurcholis, Manggala Rizal Nurdin Nurdin Nuzulia Kumala Sari Pika Sari Prakoso, Bhim Priambudi, Zaki Pribadi, R. Iman Prihatmini, Sapti Prihatmini, Sapti Putra, Ahmad Al Farobi Gomila Putra, Steinly Suwanto R.A. Rini Anggraini Ramadhani, Kyagus Reece Walters Samuel Saut Martua Samosir Santoso, Sinung Teguh Setiawan, Ady Nur Setiawan, Khafid Setyawan, Ady Nur Shofi Munawwir Effendi Siagian, Ruben Cornelius Supriyono Supriyono Taniady, Vicko Tanuwijaya , Fanny Tanuwijaya, Fannny Taufiqurrohman, Moch. Marsa Ulfa Elfiah Vicko Taniady Walters, Reece Wardana, Dendik Surya Widodo Ekatjahjana Wijaya, Glenn Wulan Candrakirana, Wulan Y. A. Triana Ohoiwutun Y. A. Triana Ohoiwutun, Y. A. Triana Yanuarto, Totok Yurike Inna Rohmawati Ciptaningrum Zaki Priambudi