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All Journal Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Science VALENSI Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Dentika Dental Journal Pharmaciana: Jurnal Kefarmasian Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Majalah Obat Tradisional INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Komunitas Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia : Acta Pharm Indo JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice) Majalah Farmaseutik Indonesian Journal of Chemistry JPSCR : Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia) JFIOnline Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia Majalah Farmasetika Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR) Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Simplisia Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia
Akhmad Kharis Nugroho
Department Of Pharmaceutics, Faculty Of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Dentistry Education Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health Other

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Application Simplex Lattice Design on Optimizing Formula of Ketoprofen Matrix Patch Transdermal Eka Indra Setyawan; Akhmad Kharis Nugroho; Achmad Fudholi
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 7, No 2 (2019): J. Food Pharm. Sci
Publisher : Institute for Halal Industry and System (IHIS) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.722

Abstract

Ketoprofen is a propionic acid derivative that has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activity. Transdermal patch dosage form is the right choice for ketoprofen in an effort to minimize side effects, improving patient compliance and ensure the achievement of therapeutic targets. This study aimed to optimize the formulation of ketoprofen matrix patch transdermal. The optimizing process was analyzed by simplex lattice model. Determination of the level of ketoprofen released was carried out by spectrophotometer UV-Vis. Interpretation of the dissolution profile can be seen visually fit between the model constructed from the zero-order approximation, first-order, Higuchi, Korsmeyer-Peppas, Weibull, Hixson-Crowell and Baker-Lonsdale. The results provide information that a combination of MC and HPMC polymers have a significant influence on increasing the patch weight, patch thickness, loss on drying and dissolution efficiency and insignificant effect against folding endurance. The optimal formula is generated by a combination of HPMC:MC (0.1:0.9) and produces a patch matrix with weight, thickness, drying loss, and DE were 0.68 g, 0.36 mm, 12.42%, and 23.21%, respectively. The release kinetic of ketoprofen followed Korsmeyer-Peppas model through the mechanism of non-Fickian diffusion.
Pengaruh Propilen Glikol, Asam Oleat, dan Isopropilalkohol pada Formula Patch Transdermal Kalium Losartan Nuryanti, Nuryanti; Nugroho, Akhmad Kharis; Martien, Ronny
Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia Vol 4 No 1 (2016): Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia : Acta Pharm Indo
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Losartan merupakan obat antihipertensi poten dengan bioavailabilitas rendah dan waktu paruh eliminasi cepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi formula optimum, karakteristik dan profil transpor in vitro patch transdermal kalium losartan. Rancangan formula berdasarkan metode simplex lattice design menggunakan software Design Expert. Evaluasi karakteristik meliputi ketebalan, bobot, moisture uptake, loss on drying, folding enduranc, dan drug content. Uji transport in vitro menggunakan sel difusi vertikal, penetapan kadar transpor losartan menggunakan instumen HPLC dan analisis data menggunakan software WinSAAM. Komposisi formula optimum patch transdermal losartan adalah 44,4% propilen glikol, 29,3% asam oleat, dan 26,3% isopropil alkohol, dengan karakteristik tebal 0,6 mm, bobot 82,2 mg, loss on drying12,8%, moisture uptake 6,4%, folding endurance 300 lipatan dan drug content 98,9%. Profil transpor in vitro losartan menghasilkan model lima kompartemen dengan kinetika orde pertama.
Compartmental Modeling Approach: Application on Transdermal Delivery for In Vitro Drug Permeation Mechanism Analysis Pawestri, Sekar Ayu; Nugroho, Akhmad Kharis; Lukitaningsih, Endang; Purwantiningsih
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 9, No 3 (2021): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.2198

Abstract

Compartmental modeling analysis was used to understand the transport mechanism of drugs in biological systems by computation presented as intercompartmental flows or material. This study was aimed to implement compartmental modeling analysis for in vitro permeation studies in transdermal delivery. The cumulative drug transported versus time were obtained based on the previous report and implemented the two structural different proposed models. WinSAAM software (Windows-based Simulation Analysis and Modeling-WinSAAM Project Group, University of Pennsylvania) was used to analyze data with compartmental analysis. The chosen models were selected through visual and numeric evaluation. The best model had been chosen and could figure out the drug transport kinetics in the biological system. The compartmental modeling approach was helpful used in understanding drug transport mechanisms in transdermal delivery and effectively estimate the drug transport parameter.
Validation of Analytical Method for Vitamin A in Bioadhesive Ocular Cationic Nanoemulsion Loaded into Thermosensitive Gel Using RP-HPLC Fatimah, Siti Fatmawati; Lukitaningsih, Endang; Martien, Ronny; Nugroho, Akhmad Kharis
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 5 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.93395

Abstract

Various test methods have been previously documented for determining vitamin A levels in different dosage forms. This study specifically examines an isocratic reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method designed for the direct extraction of vitamin A. The objective is to validate an analytical method for quantifying vitamin A in bioadhesive cationic nanoemulsions incorporated into thermosensitive gels. The method employs isocratic RP-HPLC with a YMC-Triart C18 column (L1), dimensions of 4.6 mm × 250 nm, particle size of S-5 µm, and a UV detector at λ = 265 nm. The mobile phase consists of HPLC-grade methanol, acetonitrile, and n-hexane in a ratio of 46.5:46.5:7. Validation parameters were assessed including selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of quantification (LOQ), and limit of detection (LOD). Correlation coefficients were determined with an R2 value of 0.9995 in the concentration range of 264–396 μg/mL (w/v). Recovery percentages ranged from 99.295% to 99.878%. Repeatability and intermediate precision relative standard deviations (RSD) were found to be 0.318% and 0.254%, respectively. The LOD was established at 2.018 μg/mL, and the LOQ was determined to be 6.114 μg/mL. The results affirm cost-effective and well-suited for the accurate measurement of vitamin A levels in bioadhesive thermosensitive gel formulations.
Validasi Metode HPLC untuk Penetapan Aspirin dan Asam Salisilat dalam Plasma Kelinci (Lepus curpaeums) secara Simultan Siswanto, Agus; Fudholi, Achmad; Nugroho, Akhmad Kharis; Martono, Sudibyo
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 6, NOMOR 2, AGUSTUS 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/jki.v6i2.2922

Abstract

Aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug which also has the effect of antiplatelet for stroke prevention. Aspirin inside human body is very easy to break down into salicylic acid as the main metabolite. The aim of this study is to develop and validate the method for determinating aspirin and salicylic acid concentration in plasma by HPLC. Method validation including system suitability test, linearity test, determination of LOD and LOQ, recovery, accuracy and precision. Concentration of analytes in blood is measured by HPLC using benzoic acid as internal standard, with condition Purospher column Endcapped Star RP-18 (250 x 4.6 mm id, 5 m), acetonitrile : buffer phosphate 20 mM pH 2.5 (30:70 v/v) as mobile phase, injection volume 20 mL, flow rate 1.5 mL/minute, and UVVis detector λ 230 nm. The results showed that the proposed method meets the requirements of system suitability and good linearity (r > 0,990) with LOQ (aspirin = 0.024 mg/mL, salicylic acid = 0.336 mg/mL) and LOD (aspirin = 0.007 mg/mL, salicylic acid = 0.101 mg/mL). The method of analysis provides recovery of 85-115 %, accuracy and precision in accordance with the requirements for bioanalytical with CV < 5 %. Therefore, the proposed method is applicable to determine of aspirin and salicylic acid concentration in plasma.
Uji Bioavailabilitas Tablet Floating Aspirin Siswanto, Agus; Fudholi, Achmad; Nugroho, Akhmad Kharis; Martono, Sudibyo
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 7, NOMOR 2, AGUSTUS 2017
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/jki.v7i2.3498

Abstract

Aspirin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with potential as antiplatelet for stroke prophylaxis. Several approaches of aspirin formulations in various dosage forms have been performed. Formulations of aspirin in conventional tablet dosage form often cause gastric irritation. Aspirin is rapidly absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract, especially the first small intestine. Therefore formulation of floating drug delivery system are designed to improve the bioavailability of aspirin. The floating system will retain the tablet in stomach, allowing sufficient absorption time for aspirin in stomach and upper intestine. Aim of this study was to determine relative bioavailability of aspirin floating tablets compared to the aspirin enteric coated tablets in rabbits with crossover design method. Serial blood samples were collected from rabbit ear marginal vein over a 10-h period. Drugs concentration in plasma (aspirin and salisylic acid) were determined by HPLC with benzoic acid as internal standard. The results showed that the floating aspirin tablet has better bioavailability with shorter tmax and more uniform of aspirin levels compared to enteric coated tablets, though the parameters AUC and Cpmax both of those products were not significant (p> 0.05).
Enhancement of Losartan Transdermal Transport Through Incorporation into Chitosan Nanoparticles Efiana, Nuri Ari; Nugroho, Akhmad Kharis; Martien, Ronny
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol 12, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ijpst.v12i2.49978

Abstract

Losartan, an antihypertensive agent, has low oral bioavailability. Therefore, developing a design for transdermal delivery of losartan is interesting. This study aims to enhance losartan in vitro transport by incorporating it into chitosan nanoparticles. Transdermal transport studies were conducted using two experimental groups: the pretreatment group using oleic acid and propylene glycol, and the group without pretreatment. The results showed that losartan incorporated into chitosan nanoparticles resulted in a significantly higher amount of drug being transported than the losartan solution (control) in both experimental groups. In the experiment without pretreatment, the amount of losartan from the control could not be detected in the receptor compartment until 28 hours. In contrast, losartan was detected at 16 hours of transport from chitosan nanoparticles. In pretreatment, chitosan nanoparticles exhibited 6.6fold higher losartan transport than the control. In addition, losartan chitosan nanoparticles showed significant increases in steady-state flux and transport efficiency by 3.3 and 6.6 times higher than the control, respectively. It can be concluded that the incorporation of losartan into chitosan nanoparticles can increase its transdermal transport.
Optimasi Tablet Levofloksasin Immediate Release Menggunakan Disintegran Sodium Starch Glycolate (SSG) dan Pengisi Laktosa dengan Metode Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) Shesanthi Citrariana; Akhmad Kharis Nugroho; Yahya Febrianto; Defilia Anograh Riani
JURNAL ILMIAH FARMASI SIMPLISIA Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): Desember 2023
Publisher : Jurusan Farmasi, Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30867/jifs.v3i2.459

Abstract

Levofloksasin adalah antibiotik yang digunakan dalam terapi utama infeksi paru, juga merupakan sediaan farmasi yang memiliki penerimaan yang baik oleh pasien. Tablet immediate release memerlukan super disintegran yang merupakan eksipien dalam formulasi, perbedaan eksipien yang digunakan dapat memengaruhi bioperformance dari tablet. Optimasi formula digunakan sebagai metode untuk menentukan komposisi eksipien dalam formula. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan optimasi formula tablet levofloksasin dengan metode simplex lattice design menggunakan sodium starch glycolate sebagai superdisintegran. Pembuatan tablet dilakukan dengan proses granulasi basah dan dikempa kemudian dilakukan pengujian sifat fisik berupa kekerasan, kerapuhan, waktu hancur dan disolusi efisiensi pada waktu ke 60 menit. Optimasi nilai prediksi dilakukan dengan cara observasi dan dibandingkan nilai responnya menggunakan one sample t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perbedaan nilai SSG terlihat signifikan pada waktu hancur dengan nilai p<0,05 (0,0056). Hasil formula optimal dengan nilai desirability 0,811 berada pada komposisi SSG sebanyak 8mg/tablet. Pengujian konfirmasi memberikan hasil bahwa antara nilai prediksi vs observasi memberikan nilai yang tidak berbeda p>0,05. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa tablet levofloksasin yang diformulasikan memberikan nilai yang memnuhi kriteria baik sifat fisik dan efisiensi disolusi.
Compartmental Modeling Approach: Application on Transdermal Delivery for In Vitro Drug Permeation Mechanism Analysis Pawestri, Sekar Ayu; Nugroho, Akhmad Kharis; Lukitaningsih, Endang; Purwantiningsih
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 9, No 3 (2021): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.2198

Abstract

Compartmental modeling analysis was used to understand the transport mechanism of drugs in biological systems by computation presented as intercompartmental flows or material. This study was aimed to implement compartmental modeling analysis for in vitro permeation studies in transdermal delivery. The cumulative drug transported versus time were obtained based on the previous report and implemented the two structural different proposed models. WinSAAM software (Windows-based Simulation Analysis and Modeling-WinSAAM Project Group, University of Pennsylvania) was used to analyze data with compartmental analysis. The chosen models were selected through visual and numeric evaluation. The best model had been chosen and could figure out the drug transport kinetics in the biological system. The compartmental modeling approach was helpful used in understanding drug transport mechanisms in transdermal delivery and effectively estimate the drug transport parameter.
Meropenem Determination in Human Plasma by LC-MS/MS and Evaluation for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in ICU Patients Amalia, Dita; Lukitaningsih, Endang; Nugroho, Akhmad Kharis; Puspitasari, Ika
Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Komunitas (Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community) Vol 22, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sanata Dharma University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/jpsc.0011827

Abstract

Meropenem is a broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic widely used in intensive care units (ICUs) for severe bacterial infections. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is essential to optimize its dosing, ensuring effective bacterial eradication while minimizing toxicity and resistance.This study aimed to determine meropenem concentrations in human plasma using LC-MS/MS and evaluate its application in TDM for ICU patients. Meropenem concentrations in plasma samples from ICU patients were analysed using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. The study included 40 plasma samples from 20 patients receiving meropenem continuous infusion. Validation followed ICH M10 (2022) guidelines, assessing specificity, accuracy, precision, stability, and dilution integrity. The developed LC-MS/MS method demonstrated high selectivity, sensitivity, and linearity (r = 0.9930.996) over the 102000 ng/mL range. Accuracy and precision met ICH M10 acceptance criteria, with %CV 15%. All ICU patients maintained %fTMinimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) 40%, ensuring adequate bacterial eradication. Notably, patients with renal impairment required dose adjustments, while those with high creatinine clearance needed increased dosing. The validated LC-MS/MS method is suitable for meropenem TDM in ICU patients, allowing individualized dosing adjustments to optimize therapy.
Co-Authors Achmad Fudholi Achmad Fudholi Achmad Fudholi Achmad Fudholi ACHMAD FUDHOLI Achmad Fudholi Achmad Fudholi Agatha Budi Susiana Lestari Agung Endro Nugroho Agus Siswanto Agus Siswanto Agus Siswanto Agus Siswanto Ahmad Hamim Sadewa Amalia, Dita Annas Binardjo Annas Binarjo Annisa, Viviane Ardian Dewangga Arief Rahman Hakim Artemisia, Rahma Beti Pudyastuti BUDIPRATIWI WISUDYA NINGSIH Chandra Saputra Citrariana, Shesanthi Defilia Anograh Riani Diyah Fatmasari Eka Indra Setyawan Elisa Issusilaningtyas Endang Lukitaningsih Endang Lukitaningsih Endang Lukitaningsih Endang Lukitaningsih Eny Masruriati Erna Prawita Setyowati ERNA PRAWITA SETYOWATI Erna Prawita Setyowati Fajar Rakhmatullah Fransiska Lisa Anindya Putri Harsanti, Dian Dwi Harsanti, Dian Dwi Ika Dewi Ana Ika Puspitasari Isdwiani, Renita Isdwiani, Renita Iwan Dwi Prahasto Iwan Dwi Prahasto Lina Widyastuti Lucia Hendriati Lukman Hakim Lukman Hakim Lukman Hakim Lutfan Lazuardi Marchaban Marchaban Marchaban Marchaban, Marchaban Marlyn Dian Laksitorini Marlyn Dian Laksitorini, Marlyn Dian Martien, Ronny Muhammad Novrizal Abdi Sahid Murhayanti, Rika Mustofa Mustofa Nanda Dwi Akbar Nindya - Kusumorini Novi Hastuti NURI ARI EFIANA Nuri Ari Efiana Nuryanti Nuryanti Nuryanti Nuryanti Oktavia Eka Puspita, Oktavia Eka Oktavia Indrati, Oktavia Pawestri, Sekar Ayu Pinandi Sri Pudyani Purwantiningsih Purwantiningsih Purwantiningsih Puspa Dwi Pratiwi Respati, Anindita Kresna Respati, Anindita Kresna Rika Murhayanti Rima Yulia Senja, Rima Yulia Rohman, Abdul Ronny - Martien Ronny Martien Ronny Martien RONNY MARTIEN Ropiqa, Meri Rosyida, Niswati Fathmah Sekar Ayu Pawestri Sekar Ayu Pawestri Sisca Devi Sisca Devi Siti Fatmawati Fatimah, Siti Fatmawati Sudibyo Martono Sudibyo Martono Sudibyo Martono SUDIBYO MARTONO Sudibyo Martono Sudibyo Martono Sunarto Ang Supraptiyah, Cicilia Supraptiyah, Cicilia Suwaldi . SUWALDI SUWALDI Suwarto, Tiekha Kencanasari Suwarto, Tiekha Kencanasari Suwijiyo - Pramono Teguh Ariyanto Teuku Nanda Saifullah, Teuku Nanda W. Widjijono Yahya Febrianto Yosi Bayu Murti