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All Journal Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Science VALENSI Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Dentika Dental Journal Pharmaciana: Jurnal Kefarmasian Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Majalah Obat Tradisional INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Komunitas Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia : Acta Pharm Indo JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice) DUNAMIS: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristiani Majalah Farmaseutik Indonesian Journal of Chemistry JPSCR : Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia) JFIOnline Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia Majalah Farmasetika Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR) Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Simplisia Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application (JPSA)

Akhmad Kharis Nugroho

Department Of Pharmaceutics, Faculty Of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Author-ID : 333122

Religion Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Dentistry Education Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health Social Sciences Other

Published : 63 Documents Claim Missing Document

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Application Simplex Lattice Design on Optimizing Formula of Ketoprofen Matrix Patch Transdermal Eka Indra Setyawan; Akhmad Kharis Nugroho; Achmad Fudholi
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 7, No 2 (2019): J. Food Pharm. Sci
Publisher : Institute for Halal Industry and System (IHIS) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.722

Ketoprofen is a propionic acid derivative that has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activity. Transdermal patch dosage form is the right choice for ketoprofen in an effort to minimize side effects, improving patient compliance and ensure the achievement of therapeutic targets. This study aimed to optimize the formulation of ketoprofen matrix patch transdermal. The optimizing process was analyzed by simplex lattice model. Determination of the level of ketoprofen released was carried out by spectrophotometer UV-Vis. Interpretation of the dissolution profile can be seen visually fit between the model constructed from the zero-order approximation, first-order, Higuchi, Korsmeyer-Peppas, Weibull, Hixson-Crowell and Baker-Lonsdale. The results provide information that a combination of MC and HPMC polymers have a significant influence on increasing the patch weight, patch thickness, loss on drying and dissolution efficiency and insignificant effect against folding endurance. The optimal formula is generated by a combination of HPMC:MC (0.1:0.9) and produces a patch matrix with weight, thickness, drying loss, and DE were 0.68 g, 0.36 mm, 12.42%, and 23.21%, respectively. The release kinetic of ketoprofen followed Korsmeyer-Peppas model through the mechanism of non-Fickian diffusion.

The SLCO1B1*15 haplotype associated with lower clinical outcome in Indonesian tuberculosis patients Sunarto Ang; Akhmad Kharis Nugroho; Ahmad Hamim Sadewa; Lukman Hakim; . Mustofa
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 50, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Rifampin is one of first-line drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis. In Indonesia nearly alltuberculosis patients show lower rifampin plasma concentrations possibly due to genetics.Rifampin is a substrate of the organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP 1B1)encoded by the solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1).This study aimed to identify haplotype polymorphisms of tuberculosis drug transporterswith an impact on clinical outcome in tuberculosis patients. Thirty-six patients from AbdulWahab Sjahranie General Hospital, Samarinda, East Kalimantan were involved in thestudy. Buffy coat from patient blood samples were tested for SLCO1B1 and SLCO1B3polymorphisms by RFLP and ARMS PCR, whereas the clinical outcome was examinedbased on the sputum conversion. The frequency of patients with SLCO1B1*15 haplotypewas 63.9%. The SLCO1B1*15 haplotype was associated with susceptibility to failureof clinical outcome (p=0.005; RR=4.52; 95% CI: 1.22-16.64). The OATP1B1*15haplotype revealed that the failure of clinical outcome was markedly increased comparedto the three other haplotypes. These results suggest that the SLCO1B1*15 haplotypeis an important predisposing factor for lower clinical outcome. Our data indicate thatindividualized treatment should be considered for Indonesian tuberculosis patients basedon genetics characteristics of patients.

Optimasi formula gel ekstrak kubis ungu (Brassica Oleracea L. Var. Capitata F. Rubra) menggunakan simplex lattice design dan pengujian aktivitas antioksidan secara in vitro Rima Yulia Senja; Akhmad Kharis Nugroho; Erna Prawita Setyowati
Pharmaciana Vol 6, No 2 (2016): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

ABSTRACTA study of optimization of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea.L. var. capitata f. rubra) gel extract formula has been performed by using Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method and antioxidant activity of the formula gel was also evaluated by using in vitro method.The red cabbage was extracted by soxhletation by using ethanol 96% followed by optimization of red cabbage extract in antioxidant gel preparation used SLD method by Design-ExpertÂ® software version 7 (DX7) and determination of its IC50 used UV-Spectrophotometry. The stability of optimum gel formula is seen through comparison of physycal properties at the beginning and after four weeks storage used ANOVA, with a 95% significant level. Optimum gel formula of red cabbage extract obtained in the proportion of Metolose 3,883%, propilen glikol 13.5%, Tween 80 1.117%. The evaluation results of optimum gel formula of red cabbage extract is the surface area of gel dispersive of 38.99 Â± 3.27cm2; viscosity gel dPa.s of 295.56 Â± 1.93 and viscosity change 3.89 Â± 0.96%. From the results of statistical analysis of one t-test sample was concluded that there was no difference between the prediction price of software with the observation result (p> 0.05). The IC50 test result of the optimum formula of red cabbage extract gel was 257.25 Â± 0.35 Âµg / mL. The testing result of the physical stability of the optimum formula of red cabbage extract gel suffered a pH decrease after 4 weeks of storage (p <0.05).

PERBANDINGAN METODE EKSTRAKSI DAN VARIASI PELARUT TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK KUBIS UNGU (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. rubra) Rima Yulia Senja; Elisa Issusilaningtyas; Akhmad Kharis Nugroho; Erna Prawita Setyowati
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 19, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Red Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Var. Capitata f. rubra) has a high anthocyanin content therefore it can be potential as a natural antioxidant. In this research, the antioxidant activity of the red cabbage extract was evaluated quantitatively with a spectroscopy method using DPPH reagent to obtain the value of IC50 . This research was divided into 2 stages. First, the influence of solvent variant to the extract yield of red cabbage powder and the maximum wavelength (λ) using a maceration protocol. The kind of solvent (70%, 80%, 95%, and 96% of ethanol) with addition 3% of citric acid. Second, the influence of extraction methods in neutral condition to the antioxidant activity. The results show the red cabbage powder maceration with 96% ethanol solvent (acid condition) exhibits the highest yield. The fresh red cabbage soxhletation with 96% ethanol (neutral condition) exhibits 288,5 nm maximum wavelength (λ) and 168,78 mg/mL of IC50 value.

Optimization of HIB Value Combination of Tween 60 and Span 80 on Cream Formulation of Ethanol Extract of Green Tea Leaves (Camellia Sinensis L.) Fransiska Lisa Anindya Putri; Akhmad Kharis Nugroho; Erna Prawita Setyowati
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 23, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is known to have ability to protect skin against free radicals. This is supported by polyphenol compound catechin. This research aims to determine the optimum Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) value of Tween 60 and Span 80 compositions on the optimum cream formula of ethanol extract of green tea leaves. Tea leaves are extracted by macerating using 70% ethanol. Catechin in extract is known from Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) test with silica gel 60 F254 as stationary phase and ethyl acetate:aquadest:formic acid (18:1:1 v/v) as mobile phase. Antioxidant activity is determined by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) method and value of Inhibition Concentration 50% (IC50) is then calculated. Formula optimization using Design Expert® version 7.1.5 (DX 7) software, Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method with two components Tween 60 and Span 80. Cream is characterized according to physical properties organoleptic, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, spreadability, adhesiveness, and cream type. The optimum formula obtained is then tested for physical stability for 4 weeks at room temperature (28±2°C) and data are statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The extract contains catechin proved with Retention factor (Rf) value 0.8 and has antioxidant activity with IC50 value 56.35 ppm. 6.4% Tween 60 and 3.6% Span 80 result an optimum HLB value 11.1. It has viscosity 2897.50±35.94 mPa.s, spreadability 18.44±0.06 cm2, adhesiveness 0.85±0.05 seconds, and pH 4.530±0.002. Statistical test shows that the cream is significantly altered at pH, but does not significantly change in viscosity, spreadability, and adhesiveness after being stored for 4 weeks.

Screening of Extraction Process and The Estimation of Total Alkaloids in Carica papaya Linn. Leaf Sisca Devi; Meri Ropiqa; Yosi Bayu Murti; Akhmad Kharis Nugroho
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 25, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mot.52184

The papaya leaf decoctions have been widely used as a traditional treatment for malaria. The alkaloid of papaya leaves, carpaine, is reported to have the antiplasmodial activity in vitro. The industrial-scale commercial product development requires the quantification of the carpaine, and total alkaloids in the papaya leave as the raw materials. This study aims to optimize the extraction process leading to the highest yield and total alkaloids. The extraction process was carried out using different methods and solvents. The first method was maceration with the water-miscible solvent of ethanol: distilled water: HCl 37% (89: 10: 1 v/v/v). The second method was maceration with the water-immiscible solvent of dichloromethane solvents in pH 8-9 with ammonium hydroxide. The third method was digestion with acid water solvent of 0.05 N HCl. The identification of alkaloids employed the analysis using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Dragendroff reagent. The quantification of carpaine used a densitometer, while the spectrophotometric method was used to estimate the total alkaloids. The results showed that despite the extraction methods used, the tested extracts confirm the alkaloids content with the highest yield of 3.09% (84.72% of total alkaloids).

Population-Based Approach to Analyze Sparse Sampling Data in Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics using Monolix and NONMEM Akhmad Kharis Nugroho; Arief Rahman Hakim; Lukman Hakim
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 28 No 4, 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Although it has been developed since 1972, the implementation of a population-based modeling approach in Indonesia, particularly to analyze biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics data is still very limited. This study was aimed to evaluate the performance of Monolix and NONMEM, two of the popular software packages in a population-based modeling approach, to analyze the limited data (sparse sampling data) of the time profiles of the simulated plasma drug concentration of a theoretical compound. and NONMEM were used to model the limited data (40 data points) as a results of the random selection from the 180 point data of simulated plasma drug concentration (Cp) on 20 subjects at 0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1; 1.5; 3; 6; 12 and 18 hours after per-oral administration of a 100mg of a theoretical compound. Population values of the absorption rate constant (Ka), the elimination rate constant (Kel) and volume of distribution (Vd) were compared to the average Ka, Kel and Vd obtained by the conventional method (two stage approach) using PKSolver on the Cp data of all subjects. The calculation system of a nonlinear mixed effect model in Monolix and NONMEM, successfully describes the sparse data, based on the visual evaluation of the goodness of fit. Comparison of parameter estimates of population values in Monolix and NONMEM are in the range of 94 to 108% of the real values of the rich data analysed by PKSolver. A population-based modeling can adequately analyze limited or sparse data, demonstrating its capability as an important tool in clinical studies, involving patients.

IN VITRO RELEASE MODELING OF ASPIRIN FLOATING TABLETS USING DDSOLVER Agus Siswanto; Achmad Fudholi; Akhmad Kharis Nugroho; Sudibyo Martono
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 26 No 2, 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Aspirin has low solubility in water therefore, dissolution is a rate limiting step for absorption. Floating tablet formulation is designed to improve the bioavailability of aspirin. The objective of this study was to determine in vitro dissolution study of aspirin floating tablet release kinetics model. The floating tablets were prepared by a direct compression method using Methocel K4M CR, NaHCO3, Ethocel, Aerosil, and dicalcium phospate anhydrous as excipients. Tablets were evaluated by different parameters such as physicochemical properties, floating lag time (Flag time), total floating time, and dissolution. The result showed that the tablet mass has good flow properties of 13.54 g/sec. Aspirin floating tablets had a weight uniformity (CV=1.45%), good hardness (6.42kg), and low friability (0.158%). The tablet has a short Flag time of 25.16 sec and long floating time of 8 hours. Dissolution data were evaluated using DDSolver conducted by (1) Statistical parameters: R2adjusted, AIC, MSC; (2) Visual goodness of fit (GOF). The results showed that aspirin floating tablets release kinetics followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Aspirin release occurs through the mechanism of anomalous transport which combines Fickian diffusion and polymer relaxation.Key words: aspirin floating tablet, DDSolver, modeling of drug release

Feasibility of transdermal transport of atenolol by combination of iontophoresis and oleic acid pretreatment Akhmad Kharis Nugroho; Arief Rahman Hakim; Marlyn Dian Laksitorini; Fajar Rakhmatullah; Eny Masruriati
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 22 No 1, 2011
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Atenolol has a low oral bioavailability and a short elimination half-life. Therefore, alternative route and delivery system is important. Transdermal iontophoresis, i.e. a systemic drug delivery via the skin, implementing a low intensity of electrical current, is one attractive candidate. This study evalu ated feasibility of atenolol transdermal transport when iontophoresis is applied after enhancer pretreatment. There were 4 formulas prepared; 2 implemented iontophoresis for 3 hours (current density: 0.25 mA/cm2) while the others did not use iontophoresis. The enhancer was oleic acid (5 or 10% as a mixture in propylene glycol) with duration of pretreatment of one hour. Transport was evaluated in the diffusion studies across the fresh rat skin in a static-vertical diffusion system. Data were analyzed based on the numeric convolution method to obtain simulated Cp profiles as well as AUC of Cp profiles. Based on the simulated Cp, the best transport was achieved in Formula 3, where iontophoresis is performed across the skin, pretreated with 5% oleic acid for one hour. The value of simulated Cp indicated achievement of therapeutics level of atenolol, suggesting the feasibility of the atenolol delivery by iontophoresis.Key words : atenolol, transdermal, iontophoresis, enhancer

The influence of oleic acid-propylene glycol mixture and iontophoresis to propranolol transdermal transport Lucia Hendriati; Akhmad Kharis Nugroho
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 20 No 4, 2009
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Propranolol has an intensive first pass metabolism, resulted in a low oral bioavailability. One alternative to circumvent such problem is the delivery by transdermal route. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of oleic acid 10 % (in propylene glycol 20 %) as enhancer, with and without iontophoresis, on transdermal transport of propranolol. Propranolol delivery was examined based on the in vitro transport studies across the rat skin (after hair removal) in a vertical diffusion cells system. Skin was pretreated with the mixture of oleic acid 10 % (in propylene glycol 20 %) for 3 hours. Iontophoresis was performed at a current density of 0.25 mA/cm2 for 3 hours. Donor compartment was filled with propranolol solution (5 mg/mL in citric buffer pH 5), while the acceptor phase was filled with phosphate buffer saline at pH 7.4. The results indicate that the enhancement methods increase the transdermal penetration of propranolol (p<0.05). The flux without any enhancement methods was 13.16 ± 0.79 mg/cm2/hour. The flux with either oleic acid-propylene glycol pretreatment, iontophoresis or combination of both were 28.75 ± 3.04 mg/cm2/hour, 40.47 ± 5.78 mg/cm2/hour, and 85.42 ± 16.94 mg/cm2/hour respectively. Based on mathematics calculation, if an iontophoretic patch of 12 cm2 is used after skin pretreatment with oleic acid - propylene glycol mixture, the steady state plasma concentration of propranolol could reach 24.65 mg/mL. Therefore, therapeutic level might be achieved. This indicated a promising future of transdermal delivery of propranolol.Key words : propranolol, transdermal, enhancer

Co-Authors Achmad Fudholi Achmad Fudholi Achmad Fudholi ACHMAD FUDHOLI Achmad Fudholi Achmad Fudholi Achmad Fudholi Agatha Budi Susiana Lestari Agung Endro Nugroho Agus Siswanto Agus Siswanto Agus Siswanto Agus Siswanto Ahmad Hamim Sadewa Amalia, Dita Annas Binardjo Annas Binarjo Annisa, Viviane Ardian Dewangga Arief Rahman Hakim Artemisia, Rahma Artemisia, Rahma Beti Pudyastuti BUDIPRATIWI WISUDYA NINGSIH Chandra Saputra Citrariana, Shesanthi Defilia Anograh Riani Diyah Fatmasari Eka Indra Setyawan Elisa Issusilaningtyas Endang Lukitaningsih Endang Lukitaningsih Endang Lukitaningsih Endang Lukitaningsih Eny Masruriati ERNA PRAWITA SETYOWATI Erna Prawita Setyowati Erna Prawita Setyowati Fajar Rakhmatullah Fransiska Lisa Anindya Putri Gultom, Junifrius Harsanti, Dian Dwi Harsanti, Dian Dwi Ika Dewi Ana Ika Puspitasari Isdwiani, Renita Isdwiani, Renita Iwan Dwi Prahasto Iwan Dwi Prahasto Joanne Theophilia Winata Komang Dian Aditya Putra Lina Widyastuti Lucia Hendriati Lukman Hakim Lukman Hakim Lukman Hakim Lutfan Lazuardi Manongga, John Stevie Marchaban Marchaban Marchaban Marchaban, Marchaban Marlyn Dian Laksitorini Marlyn Dian Laksitorini, Marlyn Dian Martien, Ronny Muhammad Novrizal Abdi Sahid Murhayanti, Rika Mustofa Mustofa Nanda Dwi Akbar Nindya - Kusumorini Novi Hastuti NURI ARI EFIANA Nuri Ari Efiana Nuryanti Nuryanti Nuryanti Nuryanti Oktavia Eka Puspita, Oktavia Eka Oktavia Indrati, Oktavia Pawestri, Sekar Ayu Pinandi Sri Pudyani Purwantiningsih Purwantiningsih Purwantiningsih Puspa Dwi Pratiwi Respati, Anindita Kresna Respati, Anindita Kresna Rika Murhayanti Rima Yulia Senja, Rima Yulia Rohman, Abdul Ronny - Martien RONNY MARTIEN Ronny Martien Ronny Martien Ropiqa, Meri Rosyida, Niswati Fathmah Sekar Ayu Pawestri Sekar Ayu Pawestri Sinurat, Ellya Sisca Devi Sisca Devi Siti Fatmawati Fatimah, Siti Fatmawati Sudibyo Martono Sudibyo Martono SUDIBYO MARTONO Sudibyo Martono Sudibyo Martono Sudibyo Martono Sunarto Ang Supraptiyah, Cicilia Supraptiyah, Cicilia Suwaldi . SUWALDI SUWALDI Suwarto, Tiekha Kencanasari Suwarto, Tiekha Kencanasari Suwijiyo - Pramono Teguh Ariyanto Teuku Nanda Saifullah, Teuku Nanda W. Widjijono Yahya Febrianto Yosi Bayu Murti Yosi Bayu Murti

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