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All Journal CaLLs : Journal of Culture, Arts, Literature, and Linguistics Emerging Science Journal Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya JURNAL BAHASA, SASTRA DAN PEMBELAJARANNYA Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya Sorai: Jurnal Pengkajian dan Penciptaan Musik Puitika Loa : Jurnal Ketatabahasaan dan Kesusastraan Borneo Educational Journal (Borju) Journal of Education Research Media Bina Ilmiah Pelita: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Penelitian Multidisiplin Bangsa Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sastra, Bahasa, dan Seni (Sesanti) Ruhui Rahayu: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat

Arifin, M Bahri

Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Mulawarman

Author-ID : 3793088

Arts Humanities Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Mathematics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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A CRITICAL DISCOURCE ANALYISIS ON BARACK OBAMA FARAWELL ADRESS AT CHICAGO Pasande, Priskila Ekawati Anggana; Arifin, M. Bahri; Setyowati, Ririn
Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya Vol 6, No 2 (2022): April 2022
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/jbssb.v6i2.5754

The area of this research is critical discourse analysis using the characteristics of the microstructure, superstructure, and macrostructural approaches by Van Dijk's theory. The object behind the research is Barack Obama last speech during his tenure as president of the United States, which was held on January 10, 2017 at McCormick Place, Chicago, IIIinois. In his last speech, Barack Obama expressed his gratitude to those who have been very supportive. He is during his tenure as president. In his speech, Barack Obama also discussed a lot about his message to the youth of the United States to be more active in contributing to the progress of the United States, and discussed a lot about the social and economic problems of the United States. Public Speaking by Barack Obama deserves to be studied and his clear and systematic way of speaking is the reason for researchers to research it, to find out what ideology is conveyed in his speech. This research focused on identifying the characteristics of the microstructure, superstructure, macrostructure, and ideologycal approaches contained in Barack Obama speech using a qualitative approach method. The results of this study indicate that ideologies of liberalism and ideologies of socialism. From these data, the researcher found that the ideology of liberalism was mostly contained in Barack Obma speech.

THE ANALYSIS OF CODE SWITCHING IN ELEANOR YOUNG IN CRAZY RICH ASIANS FILM Sumantri, Wilis Haryo; Arifin, M. Bahri; Setyowati, Ririn
Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya Vol 5, No 3 (2021): Juli 2021
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/jbssb.v5i3.4119

The research focused on the types of code switching in Eleanor Young and the factors that influenced her using that code switching in Crazy Rich Asians Film. This film was about the woman who has a rich boyfriend from Singapore. Eleanor is the mother of that man. In some situation, there were some possibility that she used code switching. There are two theories that used in this research to answer two research questions. First, the researcher used the theory of types of code switching by Hoffman to analyze the type of code switching that used by Eleanor Young. Second, the researcher used theory by Hoffman to analyze the reason of the using that code switching.The data source were dialogue from Eleanor and the interlocutors in Crazy Rich Asians Film. The research design was descriptive qualitative method. The method of data collection was by collected the dialogue which categorized as code switching. The researcher provided the data in dialogues from Crazy Rich Asians film.Based on the analysis, the researcher drew two conclusion. First, this research showed Eleanor Young used inter sentinental switching, which happened between clause or sentence boundary. Second, there were three factors that influenced Eleanor Young used code switching. There were talking about particular topic, quoting somebody else, and repetition used for clarification.

PEMALI DALAM MASYARAKAT ETNIK JAWA DI KOTA SAMARINDA: SUATU TINJAUAN SEMIOTIKA Aryzona, Chandika; Arifin, M. Bahri; Rijal, Syamsul
Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya Vol 5, No 2 (2021): April 2021
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/jbssb.v5i2.3379

Penelitian ini membahas tentang interpretasi makna tanda pemali dalam masyarakat etnik Jawa yang berdomisili di Samarinda. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pemali apa yang diketahui serta dilaksanakan oleh masyarakat etnik Jawa dan makna tanda yang tekandung dalam pemali yang dilaksankan oleh masyarakat etnik Jawa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan serta menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif denga metode deskriptif. Data penelitian ini berupa pemali yang didapatkan melalui informan yang mengetahui tentang budaya pemali dan masih melaksanakannya. Selanjutnya, data dikumpulkan dengan metode wawancara, rekam, dan catat. Kemudian, dianalisis dengan teknik reduksi data, transkip data, dan penyajian data. Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan makna tanda pada setiap pemali dengan menggunakan teori semiotika teori kebohongan (The Theory Of Lie) milik Umberto Eco yang dapat dilihat dari dan makna konotatif /metafora (tanda mengelabui atau membohongi) adalah bentuk akibat yang akan menjadi tanda pemaknaan tingkat dua dan makna denotatif atau makna nyata (sebenarnya) yang sesuai kamus adalah pemaknaan tingkat satu, sehingga dari pemali tersebut akan diketahui tanda mana yang mengelabui (konotatif) serta makna sebenarnya (denotatif) pada pemali masyarakat etnik Jawa. Dalam penelitian ini didapatkan 103 pemali yang diketahui dan 30 pemali yang dilaksanakan.

PEMALI DALAM BUDAYA MASYARAKAT ETNIK SUNDA DI KOTA SAMARINDA: TINJAUAN SEMIOTIKA Ulandari, Tri; Arifin, M. Bahri; Rijal, Syamsul
Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya Vol 6, No 1 (2022): Januari 2022
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/jbssb.v6i1.5270

ABSTRAKPemali merupakan sebuah budaya atau tradisi yang berbentuk lisan dan bagian adat istiadat yang selalu berada dalam ingatan masyarakat. Secara umum, pemali menggunakan untaian kata indah dan nilai tinggi. Salah satu etnik di Indonesia yang masih menerapkan pemali meski telah melakukan migrasi, yaitu etnik Sunda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemali-pemali yang masih dilaksanakan dan diwariskan secara turun temurun. Kepercayaan terhadap pemali di Indonesia terbilang cukup tinggi karena merupakan sesuatu yang dianggap suci atau sakral. Pemali menjelaskan makna tanda dalam masyarakat etnik Sunda. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan kualitatif yang dipaparkan secara deskriptif. Data penelitian ini, yaitu pemali yang disampaikan dan diterapkan oleh masyarakat etnik Sunda. Adapun sumber data adalah masyarakat etnik Sunda yang telah menjadi penduduk di Kota Samarinda Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan, yaitu teknik wawancara. Adapun teknik analisis data yang digunakan, yaitu teknik analisis semiotika. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemali-pemali yang hanya diketahui dan pemali yang diketahui serta dilaksanakan berhubungan dengan mata pencaharian. Sedangkan pemali yang masih diterapkan, berlaku bagi anak gadis, anak kecil wanita hamil dan semua kalangan. Pemali tersebut berkaitan dengan kesehatan, keselamatan, rezeki, dan jodoh yaitu pemali yang mengatur kegiatan sehari-hari. Sedangkan pemali yang masih dilaksanakan oleh masyarakat etnik Sunda di Kota Samarinda sangat erat kaitannya dengan etos yang dimiliki oleh etnik Sunda, yaitu cageur (sehat), bageur (baik), bener (benar), singer (mawas diri), wanter (berani), dan pinter (cerdas). Maka makna yang terkandung dalam pemali juga mengatur hidup agar terbentuk karakter sesuai dengan falsafah hidup etnik Sunda. Adapun nilai yang terkandung dalam pemali yang dilaksanakan, yaitu: (a) nilai sosial, yaitu nilai yang mengatur hubungan manusia dengan manusia, manusia dengan alam, dan manusia dengan Sang Pencipta, (b) nilai moral, dan (c) nilai etika sebagai tuntunan dalam bertingkah laku.Kata Kunci: semiotika, pemali, masyarakat etnik Sunda ABSTRACTPemali is a culture or tradition that is oral and passed down from generation to generation. The belief in pemali in Indonesia is quite high because it is something that is considered sacred. Pemali becomes part of the customs that are always in the memory of the community. In general, pemali uses strings of beautiful words and high scores. One of the ethnic groups in Indonesia that still applies pemali even though they have migrated is the Sundanese ethnic group. This study aims to determine the pemali that is still being implemented and to explain the meaning of the sign in the Sundanese ethnic community. This research includes field research with a qualitative approach that is described descriptively. The data of this research, namely pemali submitted and applied by the Sundanese ethnic community. The data source is the Sundanese ethnic community who have inhabited and become residents of Samarinda City, East Kalimantan Province. The data collection technique used is the interview technique. The data analysis Technique used is the semiotic analysis technique. The results showed that the only known and implemented pemali are related to livelihoods. Meanwhile, pemali, which is still being applied, applies to girls, small children, pregnant women and all groups. Pemali is related to health, safety, sustenance, and a match, namely pemali who regulates daily activities. Meanwhile, pemali which is still carried out by Sundanese ethnic communities in Samarinda City is closely related to the ethos possessed by Sundanese ethnicities, namely cageur (healthy), bageur (good), bener (correct), singer (introspective), wanter (brave), and smart (smart). So the meaning contained in pemali also regulates life in order to form a character in accordance with the philosophy of life of the Sundanese ethnic group. The values contained in pemali are implemented, namely: (a) social values, namely the values that govern the relationship between humans and humans, humans and nature, and humans and the Creator, (b) moral values, and (c) ethical values as guidance in behavior.Keywords: Semiotics, denotation, connotation, myth, and pemali

African American Vernacular English in Shrek Movie Anggreeni, Devi Indah; Arifin, M. Bahri; Setyowati, Ririn
Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya Vol 2, No 2 (2018): Edisi April 2018
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Mulawarman

Abstract Language is influenced by social differences that appear in society, such as age, gender, religion, power, economic status, and ethnicity. Those social factors produce different kinds of language which is called as variety. Ethnicity as one of the social factors influences the emergence of variety that comes from African American people who lives in United States of America. The variety is called as African American Vernacular English (AAVE). AAVE is often used in literary works to represent African American ethnicity as occurred in Shrek movie through the character of Donkey.This research focused on analyzing the grammatical characteristics of Donkey’s AAVE utterances and the factors underlying them through descriptive qualitative research. The result of this research showed that Donkey’s AAVE utterances have three AAVE’s grammatical features which are verb phrase, negation, and nominal and all four factors which consist of social class, gender, age, and linguistic environment underlying those grammatical characteristics. AAVE grammatical characteristics that appeared in Donkey’s utterances are Copula/Auxiliary Absence, Invariant be, Subject-Verb-Agreement, Other Verb Phrase Structure, ain’t, multiple negation, ain’t with but, and second person plural y’all. Those grammatical characteristics are influenced by Donkey’s working class status, his male gender, teenage age, and his mood when the utterances were taking place whether he was comfortable or not. AAVE grammatical characteristics indicate that Donkey’s character represents African American ethnicity through his utterances and the factors underlying them show that Donkey’s variety is influenced by the social factors that appear in society.Key words: Language, Sociolinguistics, Ethnicity, AAVE, Shrek Movie AbstrakBahasa dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan sosial yang timbul di masyarakat, seperti umur, gender, agama, kekuasaan, status ekonomi, dan etnis. Faktor-faktor sosial tersebut menghasilkan berbagai tipe dari bahasa yang disebut dengan variasi. Etnis sebagai salah satu sosial faktor tersebut mempengaruhi kemunculan sebuah variasi yang berasal dari orang Afrika Amerika yang tinggal di Amerika. Variasi tersebut dinamakan bahasa Inggris Vernakular Afrika Amerika atau AAVE dalam istilah bahasa Inggris. AAVE sering digunakan di karya sastra untuk merepresentasikan etnis Afrika Amerika seperti yang terjadi di film Shrek melalui karakter Donkey.Penelitian ini berfokus pada analisa karakteristik gramatikal dari ujaran AAVE oleh Donkey dan faktor yang mempengaruhi melalui penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ujaran AAVE Donkey terdiri dari tiga fitur gramatikal, yaitu frasa kata kerja, negasi, dan nominal, dan keempat faktor yang mempengaruhinya, yaitu kelas sosial, gender, umur, dan lingkungan linguistik. Karakteristik gramatikal yang muncul pada ujaran Donkey adalah Ketiadaan Copula/Auxiliary, Invariant be, Subjek-Predikat-Object, Frasa Kata Kerja yang Lain, ain’t, negasi ganda, ain’t dengan but, dan orang kedua jamak y’all. Karakteristik gramatikal tersebut dipengaruhi oleh kelas sosial Donkey yang adalah kelas bawah, gender laki-lakinya, umur remaja, dan suasana hatinya apakah dia merasa nyaman atau tidak ketika sedang berdialog. Karakteristik gramatikal AAVE dalam ujaran Donkey mengindikasikan bahwa karakter Donkey merepresentasikan etnis Afrika Amerika melalui ujarannya dan faktor yang mendasarinya menunjukkan bahwa variasi bahasa Donkey dipengaruhi oleh faktor sosial yang muncul dalam masyarakat. Kata kunci: Bahasa, Sosiolinguistik, Etnis, AAVE, Film Shrek

THE ANALYSIS OF THE ILLOCUTIONARY ACTS IN THERESA MAY’S BRITAIN, THE GREAT MERITOCRACY SPEECH Puteri, Maharani Saskia; Arifin, M. Bahri; Sanhadi R., Famala Eka
Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya Vol 4, No 4 (2020): Oktober 2020
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/jbssb.v4i4.3028

Political leaders used political speech that contained intentional purposes to suggest various political agenda. Theresa May, United Kingdom’s prime minister from 2016 to 2019, used political speech entitled Britain, the great meritocracy to deliver British exit (Brexit). Therefore, to discover the purposes of May’s speech, this study aimed to identify the types of illocutionary acts employed in the speech based on Searle’s theory of the classification of illocutionary acts and the contexts underlying the illocutionary acts produced based on Hymes’ SPEAKING model of contexts. To conduct this study, descriptive-qualitative method and content analysis approach were used. Then, the data collection was done by close reading, speech listening, and note taking techniques. After that, compiling, disassembling, reassembling, interpreting and concluding were taken as data analysis process. Finally, the results of the study showed that 4 (four) illocutionary act types namely assertives, directives, commissives, and expressives were employed in the speech. By these findings, assertive type was the most frequently used one as this type enabled the speaker to characterize her belief to be in true or false dimensions. Functionally, it transmitted the prominent purpose of the speech which was to show both preferences and disfavors of May upon Britain. Otherwise, declaration type was not found to fit in the specific context presented at that time that was to depict how Britain should be within May’s term. Additionally, contexts underlying the emergence of the illocutionary acts in the speech were setting and scene, participants, ends, act sequence, key, instrumentalities, norms, and genre.

PEMALI DALAM MASYARAKAT ETNIK BUGIS DI KOTA SAMARINDA:SUATU TINJAUAN SEMIOTIKA Syahfitri, Novi; Arifin, M. Bahri; Rijal, Syamsul
Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya Vol 3, No 2 (2019): April 2019
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Mulawarman

Objek penelitian ini adalah kebudayaan tradisi lisan dalam bentuk pemali. Pemali merupakan pantangan yang disampaikan secara turun-temurun antar generasi. Pemali menjadi ekspresi budaya yang menunjukkan kearifan orang-orang terdahulu yang mampu memaknai kehidupan secara arif dan bijaksana di tengah minimnya akses informasi dan sarana teknologi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan makna yang terkandung dalam pemali Bugis yang diketahui dan yang dilaksanakan masyarakat etnik Bugis di Kota Samarinda. Penelitian ini diperoleh dengan menggunakan teknik wawancara mendalam. Analisis data menggunakan metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemali dalam masyarakat etnik Bugis di Kota Samarinda berlaku (1) bagi gadis yang belum menikah, (2) wanita hamil, (3) laki-laki pada umumya, (4) anak kecil, dan (5) semua kalangan. Adapun makna yang terkandung dalam pemali mencakup nilai sosial yang mengatur hubungan manusia dengan sesamanya, nilai budaya serta nilai moral dan etika. The object of this research is the culture of oral tradition in the form of a multiplier. Pemali is taboos that are passed down through generations. Pemali is a cultural expression that shows the wisdom of previous people who are able to interpret life wisely and wisely amid the lack of access to information and technological means. The purpose of this study was to describe the meaning contained in Bugis pemali known and carried out by Bugis ethnic communities in Samarinda City. This research was obtained using in-depth interview techniques. Data analysis using qualitative methods. The results of the study show that the pemali in Bugis ethnic communities in Samarinda City applies (1) to unmarried girls, (2) pregnant women, (3) men in general, (4) small children, and (5) all groups. The meanings contained in the pemali include social values that govern human relations with each other, cultural values and moral and ethical values.

AN ANALYSIS OF STEREOTYPE IN ZOOTOPIA MOVIE Atillah, Widya; Arifin, M. Bahri; Valiantien, Nita Maya
Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya Vol 4, No 1 (2020): Januari 2020
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Mulawarman

Stereotypes are preconceptions about individuals of group. Stereotypes are the common phenomena that happen in the daily activities of language use where sometimes people do not realize that they are stereotyping others. It is caused by a diversity of issues among the society. People tend to build some general perspectives that include the positive and negative things about a group of people. As a reflection of the real life, movies can also contain the phenomenon of stereotype such as in Zootopia movie. This research is aimed to describe the categories of stereotype and also to analyze the function of stereotype that were performed by several characters in Zootopia movie. This research was conducted by using descriptive method and qualitative approach. Data were taken from movie script in the form of utterances. The results of this research show that there are forty three data which are indicated as stereotyping utterances from eleven characters in Zootopia movie. In addition, the researchers identified six out of eight stereotype categories that have been used in this movie, namely Gender, Race, Physical Features, Occupation and Socioeconomic Status, National Groups and Other Category. Moreover, the researchers identified two stereotype functions in the movie, they are individual function and social or collective function.

PEMALI DALAM MASYARAKAT ETNIK BANJAR DI KOTA SAMARINDA: SUATU TINJAUAN SEMIOTIKA Akhlak, Annisa; Arifin, M. Bahri; Rijal, Syamsul
Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya Vol 3, No 2 (2019): April 2019
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Mulawarman

Penelitian ini membahas tentang makna pemali dalam masyarakat etnik Banjar yang berada di Kota Samarinda. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui pemali apa saja yang dilaksanakan dan tidak dilaksanakan oleh masyarakat etnik Banjar dan menentukan makna terkandung di dalam budaya pemali masyarakat etnik Banjar.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif dan termasuk dalam jenis penelitian lapangan. Data penelitian ini berupa budaya pemali yang diperoleh dari observasi dengan informan yang mengetahui dan masih melaksanakan budaya pemali yang berada di kota Samarinda. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode wawancara, rekam dan catat. Data dianalisis dengan teknik reduksi data, transkrip data, dan penyajian data.Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa temuan makna pemali dengan menggunakan teori semiotika yang dilihat dari makna denotatif atau pemaknaan tingkat satu yaitu makna sebenarnya atau sesuai dengan kamus, konotatif atau pemaknaan tingkat dua yaitu merupakan bentuk akibat yang menjadi tanda, serta akan menjadi mitos yang sekaligus menjadi simbol budaya Banjar. Penelitian ini mengumpulkan lima puluh pemali yang terbagi menjadi dua yaitu, pemali yang tidak dilaksanakan dan pemali yang dilaksanakan. This study discussed the meanings of pamali in Banjar ethnic living in Samarinda City. It aimed to find out the types of pamali performed and not performed by the Banjar ethnic community and to determine the meanings contained in the pamali according to the culture of Banjar ethnic society. This study applied a qualitative approach with the descriptive method and it was categorized as a field study. The data of this research were in the forms of pamali culture obtained from the informants who understood and still performed the pamali culture existing in Samarinda City. The data were collected through interview, recording, and note-taking. The data were analyzed by using data reduction, data transcription, and data display. The findings of this study were in the forms of pamali with their meanings by using a semiotic theory which was seen from their denotative meanings or the first level of meaning analysis, namely the real meaning or the meaning according to the dictionary. Their connotative meaning of the second level of meaning analysis was the effects which were in the forms of signs, and they would become myths and symbols of Banjar culture. This study collected 50 pamali which were divided into two types, the pamali which were not performed and those which were performed.

BUDAYA PEMALI DALAM MASYARAKAT ETNIK TORAJA DI KOTA SAMARINDA: SUATU TINJAUAN SEMIOTIKA Astuti, Risna Dwi; Arifin, M. Bahri; Rijal, Syamsul
Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya Vol 4, No 4 (2020): Oktober 2020
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/jbssb.v4i4.2850

Pemali merupakan salah satu bentuk tradisi lisan yang digunakan sebagai bentuk larangan paling halus dan sopan. Salah satu masyarakat yang masih mengamalkan pemali adalah masyarakat etnik Toraja. Penelitian ini membahas tentang makna tanda semiotika pemali yang ada dalam masyarakat etnik Toraja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui pemali apa saja yang ada pada masyarakat etnik Toraja di Kota Samarinda; (2) mendeskripsikan makna yang terkandung pada pemali masyarakat etnik Toraja di Kota Samarinda. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian lapangan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan model pemerian deskriptif. Data penelitian ini berupa teks pemali yang diketahui dan dilaksanakan oleh masyarakat etnik Toraja di Kota Samarinda, sedangkan sumber data dalam penelitian ini, yaitu informan dari masyarakat etnik Toraja yang menetap di Kota Samarinda. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara, perekaman dan pencatatan. Kemudian, data dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori semiotika Roland Barthes yang melihat tanda dalam dua tingkat pemaknaan, yaitu pemaknaan tingkat satu (denotasi) dan pemaknaan tingkat dua (konotasi). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa makna tanda pada tingkat pemaknaan kedua menjelma menjadi mitos. Dari 47 rumusan pemali yang diketahui dan dilaksanakan oleh masyarakat etnik Toraja di Kota Samarinda terdapat 5 pemali yang berkaitan dengan kesehatan, 6 pemali yang berkaitan dengan dengan keselamatan, 3 pemali berkaitan dengan rezeki dan 1 pemali berkaitan dengan jodoh.

Co-Authors Aan Komariah Abd. Rahman Abdul Basir Adung, Narsela Alfiansyah, Riska Amelia Ali Kusno Ali Kusno Amiruddin Amiruddin Anggreeni, Devi Indah Annisa Akhlak, Annisa Aprazaq, Fikri Yassaar Aprilia, Anissa Dwi Apriliani, Putri Salsabilah Aprillia Miftaqul Wijiningtias Arif Mazhuri Saputro Aryzona, Chandika Asnan Hefni Asnan Hefni Astuti, Risna Dwi Atillah, Widya Ayu Susana Azainil Azainil Azkiya, Ziyan Bibit Suhatmady Candra, Sutiwi Indriani Chris Asanti Chris Asanti, Chris Daynikita Merisabel DESI NATALIA, DESI Diding Nurdin, Diding Fahmi Shifa' Ushudur Fahrul Rozi Fatimah M. Febri Rhamadani, Siti Natasya Febrimadani, Rendis Fransiska Yuanita Gevorg T. Malashenko Gina Anggraeni Hajrah, Siti Hasyim, Sayid Ferhat Hutapea, Maria C. L. Ian Wahyuni Ibrahim, Zulfah Indah Sari Lubis Indah Sari Lubis Indah Sari Lubis, Indah Sari Inna N. Rykova Irhana, Amalia Jaya, Ferry Fitra Jonathan Irene Sartika Dewi Max Kenedi Wahyu Saputra Lestari, Della Amelya Indah Lili Abdullah Rozak M., Fatimah Macshury, Ajeng Irma Maria Teodora Ping, Maria Teodora Meydli Dwiayu Garaga Mikhail E. Kosov Mirawati Mirawati Mohammad Siddik Munthe, Presly Rosalina Mursalim Mursalim Mursalim Mursalim Nainggolan, Filipus Nainggolan, Olleta Vichi Nasrullah Nasrullah Nasrullah Nasrullah Nisyah, Khairun Nita Maya Valiantien Nurmala, Devi Nurul Hamidah, Nurul Olesya V. Dudnik Olga A. Grishina Pasande, Priskila Ekawati Anggana Pratiwi Sudirman, Eka Purwanti Puteri, Maharani Saskia Rachman, Khairur Rahayu, Famala Eka Sanhadi Rahayu, Fita Nur Rahman , Andika Rajja Rajja Rakhmad Syarif Rimadhani, Novia Rizky Ririn Setyowati Ririn Setyowati Rizkiyah, Muthiatur Rujina, Rujina Saferi Yohana Samperinding, Timorinda Sanhadi R., Famala Eka Sari, Mayang Hima Setya Ariani Singgih Daru Kuncara Siti Seliyanti Aneira Husain Solikhin, Nurul Hadi Solly Aryza Subli, Ach Sudirman, Khairul Sumantri, Wilis Haryo Sumual, Merciana S. Syahfitri, Novi Syaiful Arifin Syamsiar, Syamsiar Syamsul Rijal Tawakal, Alamsyah Tombang, Nopita Ulandari, Tri Vadim V. Ponkratov Vitaloca, Izzah Wahyudi, Rino Tri Wahyuni, Ian Wahyuni, Mery Wasis Sirutama Widyatmike Gede Mulawarman Wijaya, Angga Rinaldy Wilma Prafitri Winnugroho Wiratman, Manfaluthy Hakim, Tiara Aninditha, Aru W. Sudoyo, Joedo Prihartono Winora, Anisa Wulandari, Fevi Yahya, Masrur Yansyah, Heri Yofi Irvan Vivian Yofi Irvan Vivian, Yofi Irvan Yudista, Rensiana Yulinda Ari Wardani Yuni Kartika, Yuni Yusriansyah, Eka

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